重慶市梁平實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高中英語(yǔ) Unit1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解課件 重慶大學(xué)版必修3
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重慶市梁平實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高中英語(yǔ) Unit1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解課件 重慶大學(xué)版必修3
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的情感和態(tài)度。或狀態(tài)的情感和態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。的變化。但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用,必須必須動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。將將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前即構(gòu)成即構(gòu)成其疑問(wèn)式,在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞其疑問(wèn)式,在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后加之后加not既構(gòu)成其否定式。既構(gòu)成其否定式。 1.can和和could (could為為can的過(guò)去式的過(guò)去式) (1)表示能力表示能力,eg:He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中表示表示“懷懷疑疑”、“猜測(cè)猜測(cè)”或或“可能性可能性”,eg:Can this green bike be Liu Dongs?(3)表示表示“許可許可”時(shí)時(shí)can可以和可以和may換換用用eg:You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示如果要表示語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn),可,可用用could代替代替can,這時(shí),這時(shí)could不再是不再是can的過(guò)的過(guò)去式去式eg:Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和和be able to都可表示能力。都可表示能力。但是但是can只能有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式,只能有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式,而而be able to則有更多的形式,如:則有更多的形式,如:eg:He will be able to do the work better.2、may和和might (1)表示允許或征詢(xún)對(duì)方許可意為表示允許或征詢(xún)對(duì)方許可意為“可可以以” You may use my dictionary. 在回答對(duì)方說(shuō)在回答對(duì)方說(shuō)“可以做或不可以做某可以做或不可以做某事事”時(shí),一般多不用時(shí),一般多不用may或或 may not,以避免語(yǔ)氣生硬或不容氣。而用比較以避免語(yǔ)氣生硬或不容氣。而用比較婉轉(zhuǎn)的說(shuō)法進(jìn)行回答。婉轉(zhuǎn)的說(shuō)法進(jìn)行回答。 eg:- May I use this dictionary? - Yes, please. - Certainly. 在請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可時(shí),如果在請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可時(shí),如果Might I? 就比用就比用May I? 語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)些,如:語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)些,如:May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示但是表示“阻止阻止”或或“禁止禁止”對(duì)方對(duì)方做某事時(shí),要用做某事時(shí),要用must not代替代替may not, - May we swim in this lake? - No, you mustnt. Its too dangerous.(2)may或或 might都可以表示可能性,都可以表示可能性,表示表示“或許或許”、“可能可能”之意,如之意,如果用果用might表示可能性,則語(yǔ)氣更表示可能性,則語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定,加不肯定,eg:They may (might) be in the library now .3、must的基本用法的基本用法(1)must表示表示“必須必須”,其否定式,其否定式 must not,縮寫(xiě)形式為,縮寫(xiě)形式為 mustnt,表,表“不準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn)”、“不許可不許可”或或“禁止禁止”之意,之意,eg: We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustnt touch the fire. (2)對(duì)以對(duì)以must提出的疑問(wèn)句,如作否提出的疑問(wèn)句,如作否定回答時(shí),要用定回答時(shí),要用neednt或用或用dont (doesnt) have to (不不 必必)來(lái)回答,而來(lái)回答,而不用不用mustnteg:- Must we finish the work tomorrow? - No, you neednt (dont have to), but you must finish it in three days. (3)在肯定句中在肯定句中must可以表示推測(cè),可以表示推測(cè),表示表示“一定一定”或或“必定必定”之意,之意,eg:- Whose new bike can it be? - It must be Liu Dongs. I know his father has just bought him a new one.4、can, could, may, must后接完成式后接完成式的用法的用法(1)can, could后接完成式的用法:后接完成式的用法: 在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中表示對(duì)在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中表示對(duì)過(guò)去過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的“懷疑懷疑”或或“不肯不肯定定”的態(tài)度,的態(tài)度,Could he have said so? 在肯定句中,可以表示在肯定句中,可以表示過(guò)去可能過(guò)去可能做到而實(shí)際并沒(méi)做到的事情做到而實(shí)際并沒(méi)做到的事情,有,有“勸告勸告”或或“責(zé)備責(zé)備”的語(yǔ)氣。的語(yǔ)氣。如:如:- When did you answer her letter? - Only yesterday. - Its too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后接完成式的用法后接完成式的用法 表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的推測(cè),認(rèn)為某表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的推測(cè),認(rèn)為某一件事情在過(guò)去可能發(fā)生了一件事情在過(guò)去可能發(fā)生了。 eg:Mary might have learned some Chinese before. 可以表示可以表示過(guò)去本來(lái)可以做到而實(shí)過(guò)去本來(lái)可以做到而實(shí) 際沒(méi)有做到際沒(méi)有做到的事情,有的事情,有“勸告勸告”或或“責(zé)備責(zé)備”的語(yǔ)氣的語(yǔ)氣eg:You didnt do the work well that day. You might have done it better. (3)must后接完成式的用法:表示對(duì)后接完成式的用法:表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的推測(cè),認(rèn)為過(guò)去某事的推測(cè),認(rèn)為某事在過(guò)去某事在過(guò)去一定做到一定做到 了。了。如:如:Liu Dong isnt in the classroom. He must have gone to the library. 5、have to 的基本用法:意義相的基本用法:意義相近,只是近,只是 must側(cè)重表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的側(cè)重表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀看法主觀看法,而,而have to 則表示則表示客觀客觀需要需要,eg:I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness. 6、ought to的基本用法的基本用法(l)表示根據(jù)某種表示根據(jù)某種義務(wù)或必要義務(wù)或必要“應(yīng)應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)”做某事做某事,語(yǔ)氣比,語(yǔ)氣比should強(qiáng),強(qiáng),eg:Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示表示推測(cè)推測(cè),注意與,注意與must表示表示推測(cè)時(shí)的區(qū)別:推測(cè)時(shí)的區(qū)別:He must be home by now .(斷定斷定他已到家他已到家),He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定不十分肯定)This is where the oil must be.(比比較較直率直率)This is where the oil ought to be. (比較比較含蓄含蓄) ;(3)“ought + have+ 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”表示表示過(guò)去應(yīng)做某事而過(guò)去應(yīng)做某事而 實(shí)際未做實(shí)際未做。eg:You ought to have helped him. 這時(shí),這時(shí),ought與與 should可以互相換可以互相換用。用。 注意注意,在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中ought to 用于用于否定和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)否定和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)to可以省略。例如:可以省略。例如:Ought you smoke so much? You oughtnt smoke so much.7、dare的基本用法的基本用法(l)dare (dared為其過(guò)去式為其過(guò)去式) 作情態(tài)動(dòng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí),主要用于詞用時(shí),主要用于否定句,疑問(wèn)句否定句,疑問(wèn)句和條件從句中。和條件從句中。eg:Dared he break the traffic rules again? (2)在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中dare常用作常用作行為動(dòng)行為動(dòng)詞詞,其變化與一般行為動(dòng)詞相同,其變化與一般行為動(dòng)詞相同,eg:She dares to stay at home alone at night.8、need的基本用法的基本用法(1)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí),主要作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí),主要用于用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,中,eg:He neednt worry about us now. (2)need也可作為行為動(dòng)詞用,也可作為行為動(dòng)詞用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑問(wèn)句可用于肯定句,否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,其后可接中,其后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或帶詞或帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞不定式為其賓為其賓語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。eg:You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)neednt后接完成式可以表示過(guò)后接完成式可以表示過(guò)去去做了一件本來(lái)不必要做做了一件本來(lái)不必要做的事情,的事情,eg: - Did you answer the letter yesterday? - Yes, I did. - But you neednt have answered it.9、shall的基本用法的基本用法(1)shall用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),用于用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),用于第二、第二、三人稱(chēng),三人稱(chēng),表示表示說(shuō)活人的意愿說(shuō)活人的意愿,可表示,可表示“命令命令”、“警告警告”、“強(qiáng)制強(qiáng)制”、“威脅威脅”或或“允諾允諾”等意。等意。eg:He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑問(wèn)句中,在疑問(wèn)句中,shall用于用于第一、三人第一、三人稱(chēng)稱(chēng),表示,表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的征詢(xún)對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)說(shuō)話(huà)人的征詢(xún)對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示。求指示。eg:Shall I open the door?10、should的基本用法的基本用法(1)should作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示示“建議建議”或或“勸告勸告”,有,有“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”之意,之意,eg:You should learn from each other. (2)should后接完成式表示后接完成式表示過(guò)去過(guò)去沒(méi)有做到本來(lái)應(yīng)該做沒(méi)有做到本來(lái)應(yīng)該做的事情,的事情,或是或是做了本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做做了本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做的事情。的事情。eg:You should have given him more help. 11、will的基本用法的基本用法(1)用于用于各種人稱(chēng)各種人稱(chēng),可以表示,可以表示“意志意志”或或“決心決心”,eg:I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2)在疑問(wèn)句中用于在疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng),表示,表示說(shuō)話(huà)人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣f(shuō)話(huà)人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方請(qǐng)求或詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿的意愿eg:Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium?(3)will可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,有有“總是總是”或或“會(huì)要會(huì)要”之意,之意,eg:Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 12. would的基本用法的基本用法(1)would作為作為will的過(guò)去式,可用于的過(guò)去式,可用于各人稱(chēng),表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的各人稱(chēng),表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的“意志意志”或或“決心決心” 。eg:He promised he would never smoke again.(2)在疑問(wèn)句中,用于在疑問(wèn)句中,用于第二人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng),表,表示說(shuō)話(huà)人向示說(shuō)話(huà)人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或許可對(duì)方提出請(qǐng)求或許可對(duì)對(duì)方的意愿時(shí),比用方的意愿時(shí),比用will的氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)的氣更婉轉(zhuǎn) eg:Would you like some more coffee? (3)在日常生活中,用在日常生活中,用“I would like to”表示表示“我想要我想要”或或“我愿意我愿意”之意,以使語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)。之意,以使語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)。 eg:I would like to do Ex.2 first.(4)would可以表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作,可以表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作,比比used to正式,并沒(méi)有正式,并沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣習(xí)慣”的含義。如:的含義。如:Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. During the vacation he would visit me every week. (5)表料想或猜想,如表料想或猜想,如: It would be about ten when he left home.What would she be doing there?I thought he would have told you about it.13. used to, had better, would rather (1)used to表示表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不存在現(xiàn)在已不存在,在間接引語(yǔ)中,其形,在間接引語(yǔ)中,其形式可不變,例如:式可不變,例如: He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young. 否定疑問(wèn)句:否定疑問(wèn)句: Usednt you to?Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句:強(qiáng)調(diào)句:I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.其反意疑問(wèn)句或簡(jiǎn)略回答中,也有其反意疑問(wèn)句或簡(jiǎn)略回答中,也有兩種形式:兩種形式:Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to.Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did.Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to. (2)had better意為意為“最好最好”,后接,后接不帶不帶to的不定式。的不定式。eg: - We had better go now . - Yes, we had (wed better/ we had better). Hadnt we better stop now? Had we better not stop now? I think Id better be going. (用于進(jìn)用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),表行時(shí)態(tài),表“最好立即最好立即”)You had better have done that (用用于完成時(shí)態(tài),表未完成動(dòng)作于完成時(shí)態(tài),表未完成動(dòng)作) 注注:had better用于同輩或小輩,對(duì)長(zhǎng)用于同輩或小輩,對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩不可用輩不可用 (3)would rather意為意為“寧愿寧愿”。Id rather not say anything.Would you rather work on a farm? - Wouldnt you rather stay here? - No, I would not. Id rather go there. 由于由于would rather表選擇,因表選擇,因 而后而后可接可接than。 eg: I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. I would rather watch TV than go to see the film. I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.