【立體設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ) Unit1 Great scientists課件 新人教版必修5 (課標(biāo)通用)
高考總復(fù)習(xí)一輪用書(shū)立體設(shè)計(jì)走進(jìn)新課堂英英 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)必修5Unit1 Great scientists話(huà)題:1.How to organize a scientific research(如何組織科學(xué)研究)2.Contributions of scientists(科學(xué)家的貢獻(xiàn))功能:1.Talking about scientific jobs(談?wù)摽茖W(xué)工作)2.Describing people(描述人物)語(yǔ)法:The Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative過(guò)去分詞(1)作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)單詞:characteristic,conclusion,conclude,analyse,defeat,attend,expose,cure,challenge,absorb,suspect,blame,pollute,handle,link,announce,instruct,construct,construction,contribute,spin,reject,cautious課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):put forward,draw a conclusion,expose.to,link.to.,apart from,(be) strict with.,make sense,look into,lead to,at times,be against,be to blame,with certainty重點(diǎn)句型1.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.2.He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.3.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.課程解讀課程解讀要點(diǎn)一:重點(diǎn)單詞1.conclude vt.& vi. 斷定,推斷;使結(jié)束,終止;達(dá)成,締結(jié)歸納拓展(1)conclude sth.(from sth.)/conclude (from sth.) that.推斷出,斷定conclude sth.with/by doing sth.以結(jié)束to conclude (作插入語(yǔ))最后(一句話(huà))(2)conclusion n.結(jié)束;結(jié)論in conclusion最后,總之a(chǎn)rrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出結(jié)論come to the conclusion that.所得結(jié)論是(3)conclusive adj.確定的,最后的;決定性的知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)These are facts; what do you conclude from them?這些都是事實(shí),你能從中得出什么結(jié)論?The man concluded his speech with a saying.那個(gè)人用一句諺語(yǔ)結(jié)束了他的演講。After waiting for half an hour,I concluded that he wouldnt come at all.等了半小時(shí)后,我得出結(jié)論,他不會(huì)來(lái)了。Hable reached the conclusion that the universe was expanding.哈勃得出結(jié)論說(shuō)宇宙在不斷膨脹。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】,Id like to say how much Ive enjoyed staying in your beautiful country.A.To concludeB.To includeC.In the conclusionD.As conclusion【解析】to conclude用于結(jié)束發(fā)言,表示“最后”?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)We cant_whether a child is clever or stupid from his (her) points in an examination.A.conductB.noticeC.understandD.conclude【解析】conclude.from “從中推斷出”,其他選項(xiàng)與題意不符。句意為:我們不能從一個(gè)孩子的一次考試分?jǐn)?shù)中推斷出他(她)是聰明還是遲鈍。【答案】D2.defeat vt. 打??;戰(zhàn)勝;使受挫n. 失?。ㄍ?failure);輸知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類(lèi)辨析defeat,beat與win這三個(gè)詞都有“贏”的意思,但其用法不盡相同。(1)defeat 和 beat 其賓語(yǔ)必須是“人或一個(gè)團(tuán)體”,如 a team,a class,a school,an army 等。 defeat 還側(cè)重指“在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上打敗敵人”,beat 常用于游戲或比賽中,但在實(shí)踐中兩詞常替換使用。(2)win表示在較強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取得了勝利,常帶的賓語(yǔ)有g(shù)ame,war,prize,fame,battle 等。 win 還可作不及物動(dòng)詞用。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The problem has defeated me and I cannot solve it.這個(gè)問(wèn)題把我難住了,我無(wú)法解決它。The party faces defeat in the election.這個(gè)政黨面臨選舉失敗。We beat/defeated them at football match yesterday.在昨天的足球賽上,我們擊敗了他們。We won the football game yesterday.我們贏了昨天的足球賽。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】用 defeat,beat,win 完成句子He_all his opponents in the election.They are always_but never beaten.The enemys plot was_very soon.We wouldnt have_without your help.Mary_first prize for swimming.【答案】defeated/beatdefeateddefeatedwonwon知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.attend vt.&vi.照料,護(hù)理(病人);出席,參加歸納拓展attend school/a lecture/church 上學(xué)/聽(tīng)講座/去教堂attend (at) a wedding/meeting出席婚禮/參加會(huì)議attend (on/upon) sb.伺候某人;照顧某人attend to處理,注意,專(zhuān)心于;照料知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Attend to your work and stop talking.專(zhuān)心工作,不要再說(shuō)話(huà)了。Everyone in the office was expected to attend the meeting.辦公室每一個(gè)人都必須出席會(huì)議。The doctor attended (on/upon) the sick.醫(yī)生照看病人。Could you attend to this matter immediately?你能不能立刻處理這件事?知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Would you like to_us in celebrating Johns return from Africa tonight?Id like to,but I have to_a meeting.A.join;attendB.attend;joinC.take part in;attendD.join;join in【解析】join sb. in doing“加入某人做”;attend meeting“參加會(huì)議”。句意為:你今晚想和我們一起慶祝約翰從非洲回來(lái)嗎?我很想,但是我得參加一個(gè)會(huì)議?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)4.expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光歸納拓展(1)expose sth./sb./oneself (to sth.)顯露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(2)exposed adj.(指地方)無(wú)遮蔽的;不遮擋風(fēng)雨的be exposed to暴露于(3)exposure n.暴露,顯露;揭露,揭發(fā)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Travelling abroad exposes children to different languages and cultures.國(guó)外旅游使孩子們接觸到不同的語(yǔ)言和文化。This medicine is not to be exposed to sunlight.這種藥物不可以暴露在陽(yáng)光下。The film has been exposed.這膠卷已經(jīng)曝光了。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】What made your skin look so terrible? to the sunlight for a long time.A.Because it was exposedB.After being exposedC.Being exposedD.Exposed【解析】考查v.-ing形式作主語(yǔ)。從語(yǔ)境可以看出,答語(yǔ)是用來(lái)代替what來(lái)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的,因此答案為C?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)5.cure n. C治愈;療法;對(duì)策vt. 治愈(疾?。?;治療;糾正;去除(弊端等)歸納拓展a cure for.的一種治療法;一種解決的方法cure sb.of sth.治愈(其主語(yǔ)可以是醫(yī)生也可以是某種藥);消除某人的憂(yōu)慮;矯正某人的不良行為知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The doctor found a new cure for this disease.醫(yī)生找到了這種病的新療法。The medicine should cure you of your cold.這藥應(yīng)該能治好你的感冒。Parents try to cure their children of bad habits.父母想辦法糾正孩子們的壞習(xí)慣。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類(lèi)辨析cure 與 treat(1)cure 指“治愈疾病,消除痛苦,戒除惡習(xí)、弊端、嗜好”等,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。常與of連用。(2)treat 只指“治病,醫(yī)治”,強(qiáng)調(diào)治療的動(dòng)作或醫(yī)治的過(guò)程,不涉及治療的效果如何。常與for連用。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The doctors are trying their best to treat her with a new drug for her strange disease.醫(yī)生們正盡力用一種新藥為她治療奇怪的病。誘導(dǎo)展望與 cure sb.of sth.結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)還有:remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事;提醒某人某事rob sb.of sth.搶了某人某物inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事accuse sb.of sth.指控/控告某人某事知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Although this medicine can cure youyour illness,it has a bad effectyou.A.for;inB.for;onC.of;onD.of;at【解析】考查固定搭配。cure sb. of sth.“治愈某人某病”;have a bad effect on“對(duì)產(chǎn)生不良影響”?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)6.suspect vt.懷疑n.嫌疑犯adj.可疑的歸納拓展(1)suspect sb.of(doing)sth.認(rèn)為某人有(做)之嫌疑suspect sb.to be.懷疑某人是suspect that懷疑(2)a suspect of.(罪的)嫌疑犯(3)suspicion n.懷疑under suspicion of.被懷疑干了suspicious adj.懷疑的,疑神疑鬼的be suspicious of.懷疑知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)They suspect him of murder.=They suspect him to be murderer.=They suspect that he committed a murder.他們認(rèn)為他有殺人嫌疑。I suspected him of deliberately forgetting his purse.我懷疑他故意忘了他的錢(qián)包。The policeman is questioning a suspect.那個(gè)警察正在審訊一名嫌疑犯。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The manof shooting 6 school children was caught by Beijing police,the Xin Hua News Agency reported on Friday.A.being suspectedB.suspectingC.suspectedD.to be suspected【解析】句意為:星期五新華社報(bào)道說(shuō)北京警方抓住了涉嫌射殺6名學(xué)童的兇手。suspect vt.“懷疑”;suspect sb. of.“認(rèn)為某人有之嫌疑”。suspect與所修飾的the man之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞形式?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)7.blame vt.責(zé)備;譴責(zé);把歸咎于n.過(guò)失;責(zé)備歸納拓展(1)be to blame 對(duì)某事應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任、應(yīng)受責(zé)備(不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))blame sb.for (doing) sth.因責(zé)怪/責(zé)備某人blame.upon/on.把歸咎于(2)accept/take/bear the blame for sth.對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任place/put/lay the blame on sb.for sth.將某事歸咎于某人知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Which driver was to blame for the accident?這起事故該由哪位司機(jī)負(fù)責(zé)?He blamed his brother for breaking the window.他責(zé)備他兄弟打破了窗玻璃。She blamed the failure of their marriage on him.她把婚姻的失敗歸咎于他。We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我們?cè)笇?duì)所發(fā)生的事情負(fù)責(zé)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The water was left running all night long.Yes.It seemed that John .He was the last one to leave the lab.A.was to be blamedB.was to blameC.had been blamedD.should be blamed【解析】當(dāng)表達(dá)“對(duì)(壞事,錯(cuò)事)負(fù)有責(zé)任”時(shí),其結(jié)構(gòu)為be to blame (for sth.),且此短語(yǔ)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Not I but Tom_the car accident.A.was to blame forB.were to blame forC.was blamed forD.were blamed for【解析】考查 not.but.連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),主謂搭配要符合就近原則,be to blame 結(jié)構(gòu)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。綜上,可知答案為A?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)8.announce vt. 宣布;宣告,發(fā)表;(尤指通過(guò)廣播)通知?dú)w納拓展(1)announce sth.(to sb).向某人宣布、通告某事announce that.通知,宣稱(chēng)It is announced that.據(jù)宣布(2)announcement n. 通告,宣告,通知;聲明make an announcement發(fā)布通知,聲明(3)announcer n. 播音員知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)They announced their engagement to the family.他們向家里宣布他們已經(jīng)訂婚了。We are pleased to announce that all five candidates were successful.我們高興地宣布,五位候選人全都當(dāng)選。It was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.據(jù)宣稱(chēng)將有新的限速規(guī)定出臺(tái)。Keep silent,I have an announcement to make.請(qǐng)安靜,我有個(gè)通告要宣布。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類(lèi)辨析announce 與 declare(1)announce 指首次正式地“公開(kāi);發(fā)表;宣布”,側(cè)重“預(yù)告”人們所關(guān)心或感興趣的事情,尤指新聞之類(lèi)的消息。(2)declare 指正式地、明確地向公眾“宣布;宣告;聲明”立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度等,側(cè)重當(dāng)眾發(fā)表,多用于宣戰(zhàn)、議和、判決等。(3)announce不接雙賓語(yǔ),即不可說(shuō)announce sb.sth.,而declare后可跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He was declared innocent.他被宣布無(wú)罪?!炬溄佑?xùn)練】Everyone was silent as he_the winner of the competition.A.saidB.knewC.announcedD.told【解析】句意為:當(dāng)他宣布比賽獲勝者名字的時(shí)候,全場(chǎng)鴉雀無(wú)聲。此處announce表“宣布”之意。【答案】C知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)9.contribute vt.貢獻(xiàn)出;捐款;投稿vi.捐款;投稿;促成歸納拓展(1)contribute.to.把貢獻(xiàn)給contribute to (to/towards為介詞)為作貢獻(xiàn);把(時(shí)間)投入;給投稿;有助于;是的原因之一(2)contributor n.投稿者;捐助者contribution n.貢獻(xiàn);捐獻(xiàn)物;捐助;稿件make a contribution to/towards (to/towards為介詞)為作出貢獻(xiàn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The writer personally contributed $5,000 to the earthquake fund.那位作家個(gè)人捐贈(zèng)了5 000美元給地震基金會(huì)。Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to lung cancer.吸煙是導(dǎo)致肺癌的主要因素。He often contributes to this newspaper.他經(jīng)常向這家報(bào)社投稿。He made a very positive contribution to the overall success of the project.他對(duì)項(xiàng)目的全面成功作了非常積極的貢獻(xiàn)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Everyone is encouraged to_food or clothing for those who suffered a great deal in the big earthquake.A.constructB.contributeC.supplyD.distribute【解析】contribute food or clothing “捐獻(xiàn)食物或衣服”。distribute 意為“分配,分發(fā)”;supply意為“提供,供應(yīng)”,常用 supply sth.to sb.結(jié)構(gòu)。construct 意為“建造”,三者均與題意不符,故被排除?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)It is said that driving after drinkingthousands of traffic accidents every year.A.results fromB.contributes toC.devotes toD.lies in【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為:據(jù)說(shuō)每年酒后駕車(chē)造成了成千上萬(wàn)的交通事故。contribute to“有助于,導(dǎo)致”,符合題意。result from“起因于,由造成”;devote to“獻(xiàn)身于,致力于”,常用于devote oneself to sth.;lie in“在于,位于”。均與題意不符,故答案為B項(xiàng)?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)二:重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)與句型1.put forward(1)提出(建議等)(2)推薦某人或自己任職;提名(3)將提前;把(鐘表指針)順撥知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展put away 放好;積蓄put back放回;撥回put down 寫(xiě)下來(lái);記入名單;結(jié)束;抑制put off 耽誤;延期;推遲put an end to.結(jié)束put on 穿上;增加;演出put out 熄滅;撲滅put through 做成;達(dá)到成功的終點(diǎn);接通電話(huà)put up 建立;建造;張貼,公布;留某人過(guò)夜put up with 忍受知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The committee put forward a proposal to reduce the time limit.委員會(huì)提出了一項(xiàng)建議來(lái)減少時(shí)間限制。May I put your name forward as chairman of the committee?我能否提名你當(dāng)委員會(huì)主席?Weve put forward the date of our wedding by one week.我們將婚禮日期提前了一周。Put your watch forward.Its five minutes slow.把你的表?yè)芸禳c(diǎn),你的表慢了五分鐘。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】He is feeling down because the suggestion that he_at the meeting yesterday has been turned down.A.looked intoB.came upC.brought up withD.put forward【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,應(yīng)是昨天所提的建議遭到拒絕。D項(xiàng)“提出(問(wèn)題、建議等)”符合句意。A項(xiàng)“調(diào)查”不符合句意;B項(xiàng)缺少with;C項(xiàng)with多余?!敬鸢浮緿知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)You can take anything from the shelf,but please_them_when youve finished with them.A.put;onB.put;downC.put;backD.put;off【解析】考查 put 短語(yǔ)。put. back “把放回原處”;put on “穿衣服;穿上;增加”;put down “寫(xiě)下來(lái);列入名單”;put off“延期,推遲”。句意為:你可以從架子上拿任何東西,但當(dāng)你用完之后請(qǐng)把它們放回原處?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.apart from除之外(還有);此外(相當(dāng)于b e s i d e s ) ; 除 之 外 ( 別 無(wú) ) ( 相 當(dāng) 于except/except for)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類(lèi)辨析besides,except,except for,apart from,other than與but(1)besides“除了之外(還有)”,有肯定的附加意義,表示在整體中加上一部分,除去的部分包括在內(nèi),是包容關(guān)系。(2)except“除了沒(méi)有”,表示在整體中減去一部分,是排除關(guān)系。前后名詞性質(zhì)相同。(3)except for意為“除之外”,用于引述細(xì)節(jié)以修正和補(bǔ)充句子的主要意思。前后名詞性質(zhì)不同。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)(4)apart from具有多重意義,既可表示besides,也可表示except或except for。(5)other than的含義與except和but相同,都表示從總體中除去一部分。(6)but常同everyone,anyone,everything,anything等不定代詞,nobody,none,nowhere等否定詞連用,后面可以是名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等,其后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),如果前面有do或can not,不定式不帶to,其余情況帶to。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)There will be five of us for dinner,besides John.除約翰外,我們中還有五個(gè)人要一起吃飯。誘導(dǎo)展望besides還可用作副詞,表“除此之外”,相當(dāng)于in addition。Besides,I want you to promise me one thing.另外,我要你答應(yīng)我一件事。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Your compositions are well written except Toms.除了湯姆的作文外,你們的作文都寫(xiě)得很好。Your composition is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.除了幾處拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤外,你的作文寫(xiě)得很好。I think you have a real artistic gift apart from this defect.除了這個(gè)缺陷外,我覺(jué)得你確實(shí)有藝術(shù)天賦。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)What do you like doing apart from (besides) swimming?除了游泳你還喜歡做什么?They were given nothing other than dry bread and water for their evening meal.只給了他們些干面包和水作為晚飯,其他什么也沒(méi)有。Everyone was there but him.除了他之外,所有人都在那兒。I can do nothing but stay here.我什么都不能做,只得呆在這兒。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】I was surprised to see wild flowers in Alaska.Many people think there is nothing thereice and snow.A.besideB.rather thanC.apart fromD.regardless of【解析】答句句意為:許多人認(rèn)為那里除了冰雪之外什么也沒(méi)有。apart from“除之外(別無(wú))”,相當(dāng)于except for。【答案】C知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)What do you think of the newly-designed mobile phone?Itwellits high price.A.sells;except forB.sells;butC.is sold;except forD.is sold;besides【解析】sell well意為“暢銷(xiāo)”;根據(jù)句意可知,除了價(jià)格高之外,這款手機(jī)銷(xiāo)路很好,因?yàn)槠浜竺娼拥膬?nèi)容與前面提到的事物不是同類(lèi)的,故選擇except for,表示對(duì)事物總體上的肯定,局部的否定。【答案】A知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.make sense有意義;有道理;講得通歸納拓展make sense of理解,明白make no sense沒(méi)有道理;沒(méi)有意義in a sense在某一方面;就某種意義來(lái)說(shuō)in no sense決不是,絕非There is no sense in doing sth.做某事沒(méi)有道理/沒(méi)有必要a sense of humor/direction幽默感/方向感知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)She doesnt talk much,but what she says makes sense.她講話(huà)不多,但言之有理。Can you make sense of what he said?你能聽(tīng)懂他說(shuō)的話(huà)嗎?In a sense,learning the law is like learning a new language.在一定意義上,學(xué)習(xí)法律就像學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)新的語(yǔ)言。Theres no sense in talking to him any more.Youre wasting your breath.沒(méi)必要再跟他說(shuō)了。你這是在白費(fèi)口舌。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The explanation in the report doesnt ,because the numbers are wrong.A.make senseB.make a differenceC.make clearD.make way【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。make sense“有意義”;make a difference“有作用,有影響”;make clear“清楚說(shuō)明”;make way(for sb./sth.) “給讓路”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境應(yīng)是因數(shù)據(jù)不正確,所以解釋沒(méi)有意義,故選A項(xiàng)?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The boy tried to read his fathers letter,but he couldnt_of it.A.thinkB.make senseC.understandD.make out【解析】make sense of “理解,明白”,是固定短語(yǔ)。think of “想想”,understand 不與 of 連用。make out “辨認(rèn)出,理解,明白”,后面直接跟賓語(yǔ)?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)4.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說(shuō)得清楚。only 修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句且位于句首,為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,句子用不完全倒裝,即把助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞 be 放在主語(yǔ)之前。Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made.只有在那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我所犯的錯(cuò)誤。Only in this way can we solve the problem.只有通過(guò)這種方式,我們才能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Only when the war was over in 1945 was he able to get back home.只有在1945年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束他才回到家。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)誘導(dǎo)展望(1)only 修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。(2)only 加主語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí),句子不倒裝。Only the boy himself knows what he is going to be.只有這男孩本人知道他的前途。(3)not only.but also.連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí),not only 放于句首,第一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝。Not only did he come but also gave me some advice.他不僅來(lái)了而且給了我一些建議。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Only after you have reached eighteen_the army.A.you can joinB.you can join inC.can you joinD.can you join in【解析】only修飾狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首,句子要用部分倒裝,排除A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng);又因?yàn)?join in 后接活動(dòng),故選C?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)三:語(yǔ)法:過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式,兼有動(dòng)詞、副詞和形容詞的特征,可以在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。一、作定語(yǔ)1.單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞及由過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在所修飾的詞的前面;過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般放在所修飾的詞的后面,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)(從句謂語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)或完成時(shí)的)定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的詞是分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者;在邏輯上它們是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)China is not a developed country.中國(guó)還不是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。Last Monday our class went on an organized trip to a forest to study the wildlife.(organized trip=trip which was organized)上星期一,我們班進(jìn)行了一次有組織的旅行,到森林里去研究野生動(dòng)植物。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)形式都可作定語(yǔ),但表示的時(shí)間概念不同。過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的行為,可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)行為,可以和 now 連用;動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式往往表示即將進(jìn)行的行為,可以和表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The problem discussed at yesterdays meeting is very important.昨天會(huì)上討論的問(wèn)題很重要。The problem being discussed now is very important.正在討論的問(wèn)題很重要。The problem to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important.明天會(huì)上即將討論的問(wèn)題很重要。3.并非所有的定語(yǔ)從句都可以改為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式。Do you know anything about that accident which happened yesterday?關(guān)于昨天發(fā)生的事故你知道些什么嗎?知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)注意:上句不能改成.about the accident happened yesterday,因?yàn)?happen 是不及物動(dòng)詞,happened在此句中只有完成意義,而無(wú)被動(dòng)意義。同時(shí)也不能改成.about the accident happening yesterday,因?yàn)閔appening表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行的意思,此句只有主動(dòng)意義,而無(wú)正在發(fā)生之意,狀語(yǔ) yesterday 表示發(fā)生過(guò)的完成的動(dòng)作。4.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與所修飾詞之間存在兩種意義關(guān)系:一是及物動(dòng)詞表被動(dòng)意義(或已完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作);二是不及物動(dòng)詞表示完成意義。(1)表示被動(dòng)和完成the broken glass打碎了的杯子(2)只表示完成不表示被動(dòng)fallen leaves落葉知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)二、作表語(yǔ)1.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),與系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),強(qiáng)調(diào)邏輯主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài),而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作由誰(shuí)完成,怎樣完成。The cup is broken.杯子破了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))The cup was broken by him.杯子被他打破了。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))2.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),此時(shí)分詞通常已形容詞化。注意分詞形容詞的用法和區(qū)別。由-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞通常表示“令人的”,多用來(lái)修飾物;而-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞則表示被修飾詞自身的感受,意為“某人感到的”,多用來(lái)修飾人。常用的這類(lèi)詞有:知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)exciting令人激動(dòng)的excited激動(dòng)的,興奮的知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)astonishing令人驚訝的astonished驚訝的知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)delighting令人高興的delighted高興的知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)frightening令人害怕的frightened嚇壞了的知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The children were very excited at the news that we were going to take them to the zoo.孩子們聽(tīng)到我們要帶他們?nèi)?dòng)物園的消息都興奮不已。The story was so exciting that the children couldnt fall asleep all night.這個(gè)故事太令人興奮了,孩子們聽(tīng)后整夜都不能入睡。注意:-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞有時(shí)也可用來(lái)修飾look,expression,eyes,voice等詞,這些詞本身就是人的情感的體現(xiàn)。Alice read the letter with a puzzled expression on her face.艾麗絲臉上帶著一種迷惑的表情讀了這封信。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Different opinions about where to build the chemical works arise at the meeting_now.A.held B.being heldC.to be heldD.holding【解析】由提示詞 now 可知會(huì)議正在進(jìn)行,而 meeting 與 hold 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式。【答案】B知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)After the heavy rain,many cars got_in the mud.A.catch B.catching C.caught D.being caught【解析】“get+過(guò)去分詞形式”是近年來(lái)常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)。get 相當(dāng)于 be,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The Town Hall_in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.A.to be completedB.having been completedC.completedD.being completed【解析】句意為:建立于19世紀(jì)初的市政廳是當(dāng)時(shí)最與眾不同的建筑。據(jù)句意知The Town Hall后需加后置定語(yǔ),根據(jù)in the 1800s可知已完成,故選C?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award,a title_to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A.being givenB.is givenC.givenD.was given【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。A項(xiàng)表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,不合句意。由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,后半部分title作句中賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ),不是一個(gè)句子,不能用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,B項(xiàng)不合句意。C項(xiàng)符合句式結(jié)構(gòu),given短語(yǔ)修飾title,相當(dāng)于which was given。由句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知,后半部分應(yīng)為短語(yǔ),不是句子,故不能用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。D項(xiàng)不合句意?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)It is_to travel by air than by water.A.a lot more excitedB.much excitingC.a lot more excitingD.much more excited【解析】exciting意為“令人興奮的”,主語(yǔ)多為物。excited意為“感到興奮的”,主語(yǔ)多為人,據(jù)此,本題應(yīng)用exciting。另外,由于是兩者間進(jìn)行比較,所以exciting應(yīng)用比較級(jí)形式,并用a lot來(lái)修飾?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)