【立體設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ) Unit3 Computers課件 新人教版必修2(課標(biāo)通用)
高考總復(fù)習(xí)一輪用書立體設(shè)計(jì)走進(jìn)新課堂英英 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)必修3Unit3 Computers話題:1.Information technology(信息技術(shù))2.History and basic knowledge of computers(電腦的歷史及基本知識(shí))3.Robots(機(jī)器人)功能:1.Making decisions(作出決定)2.Reasoning(推理)語(yǔ)法:The Present Perfect Passive Voice(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))重點(diǎn)單詞:calculate,common,analytical,finance,goal,signal,electronic,logical,solve,reality,application,explore,technology,revolution,intelligence,anyhow,totally,advantage,disadvantage,type,personally,arise課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):in common,go by,so.that.,in a way,make up,after all,with the help of.,watch over,deal with,as a result,from.on,human race重點(diǎn)句型1.And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it!2.Anyhow,my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.3.In a way our programmer is like our coach.4.After all,with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything,using my intelligence is what Im all about!課程解讀課程解讀要點(diǎn)一:重點(diǎn)單詞1.calculate v.計(jì)算;計(jì)劃,打算;估計(jì)歸納拓展(1)calculation n.計(jì)算,推算calculator n.計(jì)算器,計(jì)算者calculating adj.有私心的;精明的(2)be calculated to do sth.打算或計(jì)劃做某事calculate on doing sth.指望或依靠某事物知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)We havent calculated the cost of the vacation yet.我們還沒計(jì)算出度假要花多少錢。The advertisements are calculated to attract young single consumers.這些廣告旨在吸引年輕的單身消費(fèi)者。We cant calculate on having good weather for the outing.我們不能指望外出時(shí)有好的天氣。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】很難預(yù)測(cè)法律上的這些變化會(huì)產(chǎn)生怎樣的長(zhǎng)期影響。(翻譯句子)_ _ _ _ 【答案】Its difficult to calculate the long-term effects of these changes in the law.2.solve vt.解決;解答知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展solution n.解決,解決方法;解答,答案,常與介詞to搭配。find a solution to sth.找到解決的方法soluble adj.可以解決的;可以解答的知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Can you solve the word puzzle?你能解答這個(gè)字謎嗎?Attempts are being made to solve the problem of waste disposal.正在想辦法解決廢物處理的問題。Theres no simple solution to this problem.這個(gè)問題沒有簡(jiǎn)單的解決辦法。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】他們?cè)谂で蠛推浇鉀Q的方案。(翻譯句子)_ _ _ _ 【答案】They are trying to find a peaceful solution.3.anyhow(=anyway)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展(1)意為“無論如何,不管怎樣,反正;盡管如此”。在作此意解時(shí),anyway和anyhow一樣,都可作讓步狀語(yǔ),一般位于句中(其前常有連詞but)或句末。(2)意為“況且,更何況,再說,至少,總之”。作此意解時(shí),anyway和anyhow一樣,都可作句子狀語(yǔ),用來對(duì)前邊的話作補(bǔ)充,給出一個(gè)更加令人信服的理由。這時(shí)anyhow常用在句首或最后的分句之首(位于分句之首時(shí)其前常用連詞and),但不可用在句末。(3)意為“粗心地,隨意地”。在作此意解時(shí),只能用anyhow,不可與anyway互換。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The house was empty and I couldnt get in anyhow.屋子里沒有人,我無論怎樣都進(jìn)不去。Anyhow,I mustnt keep you from your work.總之,我不能阻止你工作。He made notes anyhow in the margin.他在頁(yè)邊空白處隨意作了些筆記。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】How about going downtown this morning?Well.,its a bit too cold outside.And _ ,Ive got to do some housework.A.some wayB.anyhowC.somehowD.somewhat【解析】anyhow此處意為“況且,再說”,符合題意。somehow用于指某種原因,somewhat意為“有點(diǎn)”?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)There is little chance that we will succeed in changing in the law._it is important we try.A.ButB.AnyhowC.SomewhatD.Anywhere【解析】句意為:我們要成功地改變法律的可能性不大,但不管怎樣(盡管如此),嘗試還是很重要的。anyhow“不管怎樣,盡管如此”;somewhat“有點(diǎn),有幾分”;anywhere“不管哪里,在任何地方”?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)4.signal n.信號(hào);暗號(hào)v.發(fā)信號(hào);發(fā)暗號(hào);示意歸納拓展(1)a danger/warning/distress signal危險(xiǎn)/警告/求救信號(hào)traffic signals交通信號(hào)燈(2)signal to sb.向某人發(fā)出信號(hào)signal (to) sb.to do sth.向某人發(fā)出做的信號(hào)signal (sb.)that.用信號(hào)指示,警告知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)A red light is a signal of danger.紅燈是危險(xiǎn)的信號(hào)。He signalled across the room to his wife.他朝房子對(duì)面的妻子打手勢(shì)。The driver signalled her to cross the road.司機(jī)示意她過馬路。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類辨析symbol,sign,signal與mark四者均含“標(biāo)志,象征,符號(hào)”之意。(1)symbol指作象征或表達(dá)某種深邃意蘊(yùn)的特殊事物。(2)sign普通用詞,指人們公認(rèn)的事物的記號(hào),也可指某種情況的征兆。(3)signal指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出的信號(hào)。(4)mark普通用詞,含義廣泛。既可指為便于辨認(rèn)而有意做的標(biāo)記,又可指自然形成的標(biāo)記或有別于其他事物的特征。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】We waited for them to give us the_to move.A.symbolB.SignC.signalD.mark【解析】symbol“象征,符號(hào)”;sign“記號(hào),征兆,跡象”;signal“信號(hào)”;mark“標(biāo)志,標(biāo)記”。由句意“我們等著他們發(fā)出前進(jìn)的信號(hào)”。可知選C?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)5.arise vi.出現(xiàn),發(fā)生;起身,起立歸納拓展(1)意為“出現(xiàn),開始呈現(xiàn),發(fā)生”,多以抽象名詞argument,problem,quarrel,question,movement等作主語(yǔ)。(2)與from或out of搭配,即arise from/out of sth.,意為“因某事物而產(chǎn)生,引起”。(3)arise為不及物動(dòng)詞,沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)I thought it would be easy,but a lot of problems have arisen.我本來認(rèn)為事情會(huì)很容易,但是出現(xiàn)了許多問題。Accident can arise from carelessness.意外事故可能因疏忽引起。He arose from his seat.他從座位上站起來。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類辨析arise,arouse,rise與raisearise vi. 出現(xiàn),發(fā)生,起因于(arose,arisen,arising)arouse vt. 喚醒,激起 (aroused,aroused,arousing)rise vi. 升起,起身,增長(zhǎng),上升(rose,risen,rising)raise vt. 舉起,喚起,提高;飼養(yǎng)(raised,raised,raising)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions.她不尋常的舉動(dòng)引起了我們的猜疑。The price of wheat has risen since last summer.自從去年夏天以來麥子的價(jià)格已經(jīng)漲了。He raised his eyes from his work.他停下工作抬頭看。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Many difficulties have_ as a result of change over a new type of fuel.A.risenB.ArisenC.raisedD.aroused【解析】arise意為“出現(xiàn),呈現(xiàn)”,符合題意。rise意為“升起”;raise意為“抬升,舉起”,arouse“喚醒,激起”?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The price of cell phones_recently.A.has been raisedB.has been risenC.has raisedD.has been aroused【解析】rise無被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),arouse意為“喚醒,激起”; raise意為“提高”,且the price與raise之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選A項(xiàng)。句意為:最近手機(jī)的價(jià)格已被提高?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)二:重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)與句型1.as a result (由于的)結(jié)果;因此歸納拓展as a result of由于;作為的結(jié)果without result 無效地,毫無結(jié)果地result from.由引起(相當(dāng)于lie in)result in導(dǎo)致(相當(dāng)于lead to)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He ate some bad fish.As a result,he fell ill.他吃了些變質(zhì)的魚,結(jié)果他病了。As a result of fog,all flights had to be cancelled.由于大霧,所有航班被迫取消。His failure resulted from his carelessness.=His carelessness resulted in his failure.他的失敗是由于他的粗心導(dǎo)致的。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Unable to work at a steady job_ a terminal illness, he decided to volunteer at the local children centre.A.at the cost ofB.as the result ofC.in case ofD.at the risk of【解析】句意為:由于得了絕癥不能從事一份穩(wěn)定的工作,他決定在當(dāng)?shù)氐膬和行淖隽x工。at the cost of“以為代價(jià)”;as the result of “由于的結(jié)果”;in case of “萬(wàn)一”;at the risk of“冒著的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”;根據(jù)句意可知選B。【答案】B知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn) _ ,Hugh decided to put out a book that would contain all kinds of world records.A.As a resultB.As a result ofC.As the resultD.Result in【解析】as a result“因此”,符合題意。B項(xiàng)as a result of后跟賓語(yǔ);C項(xiàng)形式不對(duì);D項(xiàng)result in“導(dǎo)致”?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.in a way 在某種程度上;從某一角度看歸納拓展(1)in a way相當(dāng)于in one/some way。(2)in the (ones) way 礙事,妨礙;擋路in no way 一點(diǎn)也不,決不(置于句首時(shí),主句要部分倒裝)on the/ones way to.在去的路上all the way 一路上;一直;完全by way of 經(jīng)由,途經(jīng)by the way順便說一下no way 沒門,別想in this/that way用這種/那種方式make ones way to 向前進(jìn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The work is well done in a way.從某種意義上說,這項(xiàng)工作做得不錯(cuò)。By the way,have you seen my umbrella anywhere?順便問一下,你在什么地方見過我的傘嗎?Its surprising that so many people should go abroad by way of Hong Kong.竟然有這么多的人途經(jīng)香港去國(guó)外,真讓人吃驚。Teaching in school can in no way be separated from practice.學(xué)校教學(xué)決不能脫離實(shí)踐。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Jack dealt with the sensitive issue very cleverly _ .A.in no wayB.in this wayC.in a wayD.in the way【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。in no way“決不”;in this way“用這種方法”;in a way“在某種程度上”;in the way“擋道,妨礙”。由句意“從某種程度上看,杰克非常聰明地處理了這個(gè)敏感的問題”??芍xC。【答案】C知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The chair is_way.Move it please.A.in aB.in theC.on aD.on the【解析】in the way意為“擋道”。【答案】B知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.with the help of在的幫助下歸納拓展(1)help sb.out幫助某人渡過難關(guān)/擺脫困境help sb.with sth.幫助某人做某事help (to) do sth.幫著做某事help oneself to自用(食物);擅自取用(2)cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事cannot help but do sth.不得不做某事;只得做某事知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)She spoke with us with the help of an interpreter.她在翻譯的幫助下與我們交談。I worked out the problem with the teachers help.在老師的幫助下我解出了這道題。I cannot help but admit he is right.我不得不承認(rèn)他是對(duì)的。If you want another drink,just help yourself.你要是想再喝一杯就請(qǐng)自便。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】_ the help of the neighbours,the fire was at last brought under control.A.UnderB.WithC.OnD.In【解析】考查固定搭配。with the help of “在的幫助下”;句意為:在鄰居的幫助下火勢(shì)最終得到了控制?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)4.deal with 處理;對(duì)付,打交道;論述關(guān)于的內(nèi)容(主要指書籍、文章等);安排同類辨析deal with 與 do with(1)deal with(=settle/arrange;associate with)“處理,對(duì)付;安排;論述關(guān)于的內(nèi)容;與進(jìn)行交易”。常與連接副詞how 連用,強(qiáng)調(diào)解決或處理問題的方法和方式。(2)do with(=make use of)意為“處置,安排;對(duì)付,利用”,常與連接代詞what 連用。do with 不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Deal with a man as he deals with you.諺以其人之道,還治其人之身。I dont know how they will deal with the problem.=I dont know what they will do with the problem.我不知道他們將如何處理這個(gè)問題。This book deals with problems of pollution.這本書論述了污染問題。They have learned to deal with all sorts of people.他們學(xué)會(huì)了和各種人打交道。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】He knows_to deal with men,but when he meets women,he doesnt know_to do.A.how;howB.what;whatC.how;whatD.what;how【解析】how 與 deal with 連用;do with常與連接代詞what連用,其中what 作 do 的賓語(yǔ)?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)5.watch over 保護(hù),守衛(wèi);照管;留心,注意歸納拓展(1)watch for sth.留意或等待某事物watch out 小心;留神;注意(用于提醒、警示)watch out for sb./sth.警惕或注意某人(某事物)(2)keep (a) watch on監(jiān)視on the watch for留神,注意知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The older children watched over the younger ones.較大的孩子們照顧較小的孩子們。They were watched over by three policemen.他們由三個(gè)警察看守著。The staff were asked to watch out for forged banknotes.職員被要求留意偽鈔。Police kept a 24-hour watch on the house.警方24小時(shí)嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視這座房子。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】_ ,there is danger ahead.A.Generally speakingB.Be sureC.Watch outD.Watch out for【解析】watch out“小心”,用于提醒,符合題意。generally speaking“通常說來”;be sure“確定”;watch out for后應(yīng)加sb./sth.,表示“注意某人(物)”。句意為:小心,前面有危險(xiǎn)?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)6.And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it!我的存儲(chǔ)容量變得如此巨大,甚至連我自己都不能相信!so/such.that.“如此以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展(1)so是副詞,后面修飾形容詞或副詞,常構(gòu)成如下結(jié)構(gòu):so+adj./adv.+that.so+adj.+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that.so+many/fewmuch/little(少)+n.復(fù)數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞+that.(2)such是形容詞,一般用來修飾名詞(詞組),常構(gòu)成如下結(jié)構(gòu):such+a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that.such+adj.+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that.(3)當(dāng) so./such.置于句首時(shí),句子的主句要用部分倒裝。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Liu Xiang ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him in the 16th Asian Games in Guangzhou.在16屆廣州亞運(yùn)會(huì)上劉翔跑得如此之快以至于沒有人能趕得上他。There are so many people in the street that we cant go through.街上人太多,我們過不去。She is so good a teacher/such a good teacher that many students like her.她是位好老師,很多學(xué)生都喜歡她。So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given extra money.這些工人工作完成得這么快,他們得到了額外的報(bào)酬。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)誘導(dǎo)展望(1)so that.以便,為的是(引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句)因此,以至于(引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)(2)so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中常有can,could,may,might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,從句前不用逗號(hào)。so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句一般不與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用,so that從句前可用逗號(hào)隔開。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)They all worked day and night so that they might finish the task ahead of time.他們?nèi)找构ぷ?,以便提前完成任?wù)。The room was crowded with people,so that we couldnt get in.房間里擠滿了人,因此我們進(jìn)不去。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】What a beautiful day!Yes,its_that Id like to take a walk.A.such nice weatherB.so a nice weatherC.too nice weatherD.nice weather so【解析】考查such.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞,weather不可數(shù)。【答案】A知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn) _ at the terrible news that I didnt know what to say.A.So sad Mary lookedB.So sad did Mary lookC.So sadly Mary lookedD.So sadly did Mary look【解析】當(dāng)so.that.句型中so部分置于句首時(shí),主句部分倒裝,故排除A、C項(xiàng);又look是系動(dòng)詞,后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ),故排除D項(xiàng)?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)三:語(yǔ)法:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、概念現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作,它有兩層意思:1.動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Our classroom has been cleaned,so you neednt clean it now.我們的教室已打掃過,你現(xiàn)在沒必要再打掃了。These flowers have been watered,and you can go home.這些花已澆過水了,你可以回家了。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成肯定式:have/has+been+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞否定式:在 have 或 has 后加 notThe letters have not been typed by now.到現(xiàn)在這些信件還沒有被打印出來。疑問式:把 have 或 has 提到主語(yǔ)前面Have the clothes been washed?衣服洗好了嗎?知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),除表示發(fā)生在過去的這個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果外,還可表示:1.在過去發(fā)生的一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的并可能持續(xù)下去的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,或用于“How long.?”句型中。The machine has been used for 3 years.這臺(tái)機(jī)器已經(jīng)使用了三年了。How long has the car been repaired?這部車修了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了?知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.用在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示將來某時(shí)已完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作,即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.你的任務(wù)一完成就可以回家。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)四、使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞,即have/has和been,兩者缺一不可。2.與一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別。一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系。The road was built last year.這條路是去年修成的。The road has been built.這條路已經(jīng)修好。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思,則要改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。How long has this dictionary been borrowed?()How long has this dictionary been kept?()這本字典借了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了?但這類動(dòng)詞的否定式可表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)過程,具有持續(xù)性,因而可與since或for構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。This dictionary has not been borrowed since last week.自上周以來沒有人借過這本字典。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】How long_at this job?Since 1990.A.were you employedB.have you been employedC.had you been employedD.will you be employed【解析】根據(jù)題中回答since 1990可以確定應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),又因?yàn)閥ou和employ之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故此題應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。【答案】B知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Jack_about it,so you neednt call him up.A.had been toldB.knewC.had knownD.has been told【解析】句意為:杰克已經(jīng)被告知這件事情了,所以你就不必打電話給他了。根據(jù)句意,此題應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)造成影響,而A、C表示過去的過去,用在此處不符合語(yǔ)境。且tell與Jack之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故正確答案為D項(xiàng)。【答案】D知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)A Dream of the Red Chamber(紅樓夢(mèng))is said_into dozens of languages in the last decade.A.to have been translatedB.to be translatedC.to translateD.to have translated【解析】句意為:據(jù)說在過去的10年,紅樓夢(mèng)已經(jīng)被翻譯成數(shù)十種語(yǔ)言。A Dream of the Red Chamber與translate之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),排除C、D項(xiàng);又translate發(fā)生在said之前,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),選擇A?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)If Newton lived today,he would be surprised by what_in science and technology.A.had discoveredB.had been discoveredC.has discoveredD.has been discovered【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)。由discover與what的關(guān)系決定了應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),句子中有today提示表示現(xiàn)代科技的狀況,故選D。【答案】D知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)With the help of high technology,more and more new substances_in the past years.A.discoveredB.have discoveredC.had been discoveredD.have been discovered【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。先由句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past years“近幾年來”確定句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。再由句子的主語(yǔ)new substances與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞discover之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,確定句子應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),由這兩個(gè)方面可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?!敬鸢浮緿知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)