【立體設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語 Unit2 Healthy eating課件 新人教版必修3(課標(biāo)通用)
高考總復(fù)習(xí)一輪用書立體設(shè)計(jì)走進(jìn)新課堂英英 語語必修3Unit2 Healthy eating話題:1.Problems with diet(飲食問題)2.Balanced diet and nutrition(平衡膳食與營(yíng)養(yǎng))功能:1.Suggestions and advice(建議和勸告)2.Seeing the doctor(看醫(yī)生)3.Agreement and disagreement(同意與不同意)語法:Modal verbs()(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)重點(diǎn)單詞:diet,energy,digest,balance,fry,ought,slim,curiosity,raw,lie,customer,strength,consult,debt,glare,limit,limited,benefit,discount,sigh,combine課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)短語:be/go on a diet,ought to,lose weight,get away with,tell a lie/lies,win.back,in debt,spy on,cut down,before long,earn ones living,put on weight,glare at,benefit from重點(diǎn)句型1.Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.2.“Nothing could be better,” he thought.3.He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!4.Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre.課程解讀課程解讀要點(diǎn)一:重點(diǎn)單詞1.diet n.日常飲食;規(guī)定飲食;vi. 節(jié)食歸納拓展keep a balanced diet保持飲食平衡be/go on a diet 節(jié)食put sb.on a diet限制某人的飲食知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)People who are on a diet mustnt have chocolate.正在節(jié)食的人不能吃巧克力。No sugar in my coffee,please.Im dieting.請(qǐng)不要給我的咖啡放糖,我在節(jié)食。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類辨析diet 與 food(1)diet 指“慣常的或規(guī)定的食物”,特指維持健康的定量或定質(zhì)的食物,又指療養(yǎng)時(shí)規(guī)定的食物。常用于表示病人、犯人、減肥者等的食物。它是可數(shù)名詞,其前需加不定冠詞。(2)food 一般用語,凡是能吃能喝的具有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的東西都可稱為 food。它是不可數(shù)名詞,但在表示食品的不同種類時(shí),可以用復(fù)數(shù)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The doctor has ordered me a special diet.醫(yī)生給我安排了一套特殊的飲食。We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.我們必須要有食物吃,有衣服穿。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】用 diet 和 food 填空The Chinese_is considered to be the healthiest in the world.People eat different kinds of_which can change into energy.The sick man cant live without ._ ,but he must have a_without sugar.【答案】diet food food;diet知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.balance n. 天平;平衡;余額;v. 平衡;權(quán)衡歸納拓展(1)keep ones balance 保持平衡lose ones balance 失去平衡,心慌意亂off balance 失去平衡的;沒有站穩(wěn)定的on balance 考慮過一切以后,總的說來a sense of balance平衡感keep a balance between A and B 保持A與B平衡(2)balance A against B 權(quán)衡/比較A與B(3)balanced adj.保持平衡的知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He kept his balance with his arms on top of the wall.他在墻上用雙臂保持平衡。I think on balance I prefer the new system.總的說來,我覺得自己更喜歡新體制。You should balance the advantages against the disadvantages before your final decision.在作出決定之前,你一定要權(quán)衡利弊。 知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】If you want to learn skating,it is important to learn_yourself.A.to keep to balanceB.to keep balancingC.to keep skatingD.to keep to skate【解析】考查動(dòng)詞balance的用法和句意理解。因?yàn)閺倪x項(xiàng)中看,在結(jié)構(gòu)方面B、C兩項(xiàng)均是正確的,keep后面須接動(dòng)名詞。對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)滑冰而言,堅(jiān)持練習(xí)固然重要,但更重要的是學(xué)會(huì)保持平衡。而C項(xiàng)的意思是“學(xué)會(huì)不斷地滑”,顯然不合句意,故答案為B?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.lie (1)n. 謊話;謊言a white lie 善意的謊言tell a lie/lies to sb.對(duì)某人說謊(2)v. 說謊(lie-lied-lied-lying)lie to sb.向某人說謊(3)vi.位于,躺(lie-lay-lain-lying)lie down 躺下There lies.某地有知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)誘導(dǎo)展望(1)當(dāng)lie表示“位于”時(shí),lie in指“位于范圍內(nèi)”;lie on指“與相鄰;接壤;緊挨著”;lie to指“不接壤;隔相望”。(2)lay vt.放;擱;下(蛋);產(chǎn)(卵)(laid-laid-laying)lay the table for dinner 擺桌子吃飯lay eggs 下蛋知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)It is no wonder that she lied to the court.難怪她對(duì)法庭撒了謊。Sichuan lies in the southwest of China.四川位于中國(guó)的西南部。She would lie awake at nights worrying.她老是在夜里睜著眼躺著,憂心忡忡。The man lying there lied that he had laid the money on the table.躺在那里的那個(gè)人撒謊說他把錢放在桌子上了。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The boy_on the ground_that he had seen a cock_an egg.A.laying;lay;layB.lying;lie;lieC.lying;lied;layD.lay;lying;lay【解析】第一空應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞表示“躺”的意思,作后置定語;第二空為謂語動(dòng)詞,作“撒謊”講;第三空意為“產(chǎn)卵,下蛋”,用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Its not right to_a lie,whenever and wherever.A.tellB.speakC.sayD.talk【解析】tell a lie意為“說謊”,是固定用法。【答案】A知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)4.strength n.U力氣,力量;C強(qiáng)項(xiàng),長(zhǎng)處;優(yōu)點(diǎn)歸納拓展(1)strong (adj.)強(qiáng)壯的strength (n.)力量strengthen (v.)加強(qiáng);增強(qiáng)strengthless (adj.)無力的(2)相關(guān)短語build up ones strength增強(qiáng)實(shí)力/體力at full strength滿員,滿額in (great) strength人多勢(shì)眾地知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He pushed against the rock with all his strength.他用全力推那塊石頭。It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.可能需要幾個(gè)星期你才能恢復(fù)體力。We should know our strengths as well as weaknesses.我們不僅應(yīng)當(dāng)了解我們的缺點(diǎn),也應(yīng)了解我們的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類辨析strength,energy,force 與 power這組同義詞都與“力”有關(guān),其區(qū)別是:(1)strength 指“(物的)強(qiáng)度、(人的)力氣”,尤指承受重物的“力量”,還可指人的“強(qiáng)項(xiàng)、長(zhǎng)處”。(2)energy 指物理定義“能”。用于人時(shí),指人的精力、活力、工作能力,還可指“能量、能源”。(3)force 指物理學(xué)意義上的“力”,尤指人或物撞擊或推動(dòng)物體時(shí)所用的“力”;也指為做成某事而使用的“力量”,還可指武力、強(qiáng)制力、效力。還可引申為“兵力、軍隊(duì)”。(4)power 可指一切內(nèi)存的、外來的、具體的或抽象的力,可引申為勢(shì)力、政權(quán);也指電力、動(dòng)力、功率。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)I didnt have the strength to get out of bed.我沒有力氣下床。Young people usually have more energy than the old.年輕人比老年人精力更充沛。The force of the explosion broke all the windows.爆炸力把窗子都震碎了。Congress has power to declare war.國(guó)會(huì)有權(quán)宣戰(zhàn)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Competition,they believe._ , the national character rather than corrupt it.A.enforcesB.confirmsC.accordsD.strengthens【解析】enforce意為“強(qiáng)迫”,confirm意為“確認(rèn)”,strengthen意為“加強(qiáng)”,accord意為“符合,協(xié)調(diào),使一致”。句意為:他們相信競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能增強(qiáng)民族的品性,而不是使它墮落。由此可知選D?!敬鸢浮緿知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)5.consult vt. 咨詢;請(qǐng)教;商量;查閱;查找歸納拓展(1)consult sb.about sth.向某人咨詢某事;向某人請(qǐng)教有關(guān)的事consult (with) sb.(about/on sth.)(就某事)與某人商量consult a dictionary for the meaning of a word查辭典找某詞的詞義(2)consultant n.顧問consultation n.咨詢,商討,協(xié)商知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)If the pain continues,consult your doctor without delay.如果疼痛持續(xù)不停,要立即請(qǐng)醫(yī)生診治。An increasing number of clients are consulting them about Social Security changes.越來越多的客戶向他們咨詢有關(guān)社會(huì)保障制度的變化。Have you consulted a dictionary?你查過辭典了嗎?The minister today had consultations with the president.那個(gè)部長(zhǎng)今日與總統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了磋商。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The experts consulted_each other_how to reduce the loss caused by the earthquake in Yushu.A.with;aboutB.to;onC.for;atD.with;with【解析】consult with sb. about sth.意為“就某事與某人商量”。句意為:專家們就如何減少玉樹大地震造成的損失而相互商量?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Before going on a diet,it is advisable to_your doctor.A.tellB.ConsultC.look upD.refer to【解析】句意為:節(jié)食之前,最好先向醫(yī)生咨詢。tell“告訴”,后跟雙賓語;consult“請(qǐng)教,咨詢”;look up“在(詞典等)中查看”;refer to“談到,提及,參考/查閱(資料),與有關(guān)”?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)6.limit n.界限,限度vt.限制,限定歸納拓展(1)go beyond/over the limit超過限度within the limits of在的范圍內(nèi)set a limit to/on=put a limit on.對(duì)規(guī)定限度(2)limit sth.to sth.把限定在范圍內(nèi)(3)limitation n.限制;局限limitless adj.無限的,無限制的limited adj.有限(制)的be limited to sth.受制于某事知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Im willing to help you,within limits.我愿意幫你的忙,可有一定限度。The EU has set a strict limit on levels of pollution.歐盟對(duì)污染程度作了嚴(yán)格的限制。There is a limit to ones life,but no limit to serving the people.人的生命是有限的,但為人民服務(wù)是無限的。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)We must limit the expense to 10 pounds.我們必須把費(fèi)用限制在10英鎊以內(nèi)。Families are limited to four free tickets each.每戶限發(fā)四張免費(fèi)票。My life is limited,but learning is limitless.吾生也有涯,而知也無涯。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Because of the small size of this primary school,it only admits a_number of children.A.limitedB.MinimumC.certainD.confined【解析】此處用limited表示“有限的”?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)There was not much time left,so the speaker was asked to_his speech to ten minutes.A.makeB.LimitC.doD.give【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為:剩下的時(shí)間不多了,因此演講者被要求把演講限制到十分鐘。【答案】B知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)7.benefit vt.使受益vi.受益于n.利益,好處,優(yōu)勢(shì)歸納拓展(1)benefits (pl.)津貼,救濟(jì)金beneficial adj.有益的,受益的(2)benefit from/by.從受益,得益于benefit sb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物有益for the benefit of sb.=for ones benefit為了的好處,得益于be of(much,great)benefit to=be beneficial to 對(duì)有益to ones benefit 對(duì)某人有益的是知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The discovery of coal brought many benefits to the town.煤的發(fā)現(xiàn)給這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)帶來了許多好處。The crops benefited from the rain.莊稼得益于這場(chǎng)雨。It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.據(jù)說瑜伽對(duì)人體健康有很大好處。He was travelling for the benefit of his health.為了身體健康,他出去旅行了。Fresh air and vegetables are beneficial to health.新鮮空氣和蔬菜有益于健康。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The fresh air_our health and we_it.A.benefits to;benefitB.benefits;benefit fromC.benefits from;benefitD.benefits;are benefited by【解析】考查動(dòng)詞benefit的用法。benefit作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“對(duì)有益,對(duì)有好處”;作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),后加介詞from,表示“從中獲益”。句意為:新鮮空氣對(duì)我們的健康有好處,我們受益于新鮮空氣?!敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)bine vt.&vi.(使)結(jié)合,(使)聯(lián)合;(使)化合歸納拓展(1)combine.with/and.將與結(jié)合在一起(2)combination n.聯(lián)合;化合;結(jié)合a combination of.一種的結(jié)合(物)in combination with與聯(lián)合起來;在聯(lián)合中(3)combined adj.共同的,聯(lián)合的be combined with與相結(jié)合知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Some films combine education with recreation.有些電影把教育與娛樂結(jié)合了起來。A combination of factors led to her decision to resign.綜合各種因素之后她決定辭職。Theory should be in combination with practice.理論應(yīng)和實(shí)踐相結(jié)合。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類辨析combine,connect,join與unite(1)combine指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物結(jié)合在一起,是指抽象意義的結(jié)合,并成為不可分割的一體,在這一過程中每個(gè)個(gè)體的特性也隨之消失,意為“合并,聯(lián)合”。(2)connect表示“連接,結(jié)合”,指兩者相互連接,但仍保持各自原有的特征或狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)用連接物或通過某種方式把孤立的東西聯(lián)系起來。(3)join側(cè)重把原來不相連的事物緊密地連接在一起,但仍可再分開。也指把分散的人或幾個(gè)部分的人聯(lián)合起來,或加入到某團(tuán)體中去。(4)unite指許多的個(gè)體由于共同的目的或性質(zhì)聯(lián)合、團(tuán)結(jié)、結(jié)合在一起,構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The two small shops combined to make a large one.這兩個(gè)小店合并起來成為了一個(gè)大商店。The two villages are connected by the river.這條河把兩個(gè)村子連在一起。The two parties were united in fighting against foreign invasion.在抵抗外國(guó)侵略這一點(diǎn)上,兩個(gè)政黨聯(lián)合起來了。Two extra carriages were joined onto the train at York.列車在約克又掛上了兩節(jié)車廂。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】If your knowledge can be in some way_with my experience,we are sure to succeed.A.joinedB.ConnectedC.unitedD.combined【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為:如果把你的知識(shí)與我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)在一定程度上結(jié)合在一起,我們一定能成功。combine指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)的人或物結(jié)合在一起,是指抽象意義的結(jié)合,并成為不可分割的一體,意為“合并,聯(lián)合”。join強(qiáng)調(diào)“把分離的東西合并為一體”;unite強(qiáng)調(diào)“聯(lián)合后形成新的整體,統(tǒng)一行動(dòng)”;connect指“兩個(gè)不同的、分離著的事物在某一點(diǎn)上相互接觸,但各自仍保持原有的獨(dú)立性”?!敬鸢浮緿知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)二:重點(diǎn)短語與句型1.get away with(1)不因(做了某事)受處罰;被放過He was so lucky to get away with only a fine for such a serious mistake.他犯了如此嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤,僥幸只被罰款了事。(2)偷偷攜帶某物潛逃;偷走Thieves got away with computer equipment worth $30,000.盜賊偷走了價(jià)值3萬美元的計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展get about 走動(dòng);旅行;(消息等)傳開來get on/along well with.與相處得好;進(jìn)展得好get in touch with.與取得聯(lián)系get into the habit of.染上的習(xí)慣get into trouble 陷入困境get out (of.) (使)出去;離開;逃脫;擺脫知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Dont be tempted to cheatyoull never_it.A.get away withB.get away fromC.get out of D.get behind with【解析】get away with意為“做了某事而不受懲罰;偷偷攜帶跑掉”,符合題意。get away from意為“逃脫;逃離”;get out of意為“逃脫,擺脫”;get behind with意為“落后;拖欠”。句意為:別想著作弊作弊者逃脫不了懲罰?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.in debt欠債,欠賬,負(fù)債歸納拓展(1)in debt中in表示“處于狀態(tài)中”,debt前不加任何冠詞。(2)go/get/run into debt 負(fù)債be in heavy debt負(fù)債累累be out of debt不欠債(狀態(tài))pay off all the debts 還清債務(wù)(動(dòng)作)be in sb.s debt=be in debt to sb.欠某人的人情債;受某人的恩惠;感激某人(3)類似短語:in trouble處于困境中in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中in order有秩序地in surprise驚奇地in touch保持聯(lián)系知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Im in heavy debt at the moment,but I hope to be out of debt when I get paid.現(xiàn)在我欠債很多,但希望在發(fā)了工資后能還清。Its easier to get into debt than get out of it.欠債容易還債難。You saved my life;I am in debt to you forever.你救了我的命,我永遠(yuǎn)感恩不盡。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Ill always be_to you for your help.A.in debtB.debtC.running into debtD.debts【解析】be in debt to sb.固定短語,“欠某人的人情”?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)After ten years of hard work,they at last got _.A.out of debtB.into debtC.in debtD.out of debts【解析】get out of debt“還清債務(wù)”,get into debt“背上債務(wù)”。句意為:經(jīng)過十年的艱辛勞作,他們終于還清了債務(wù)。因此可排除B、C兩項(xiàng),D項(xiàng)的表達(dá)形式錯(cuò)誤?!敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.cut down(1)砍倒;殺死;奪去的生命;損害的健康Trees used to be cut down for firewood in the past.在過去,樹木常常被砍伐做木柴。In the old society,hunger,cold and illness cut down many of the villagers.在舊社會(huì),饑餓、寒冷和疾病奪去了村子里許多人的生命。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)(2)減少,縮減;改小或裁短衣服The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking.醫(yī)生勸他少喝酒。My mother cut down my fathers trousers to fit me.我母親把父親的褲子改小了給我穿。We might cut the book down to a little over a hundred pages.我們可以把這本書的頁碼縮減到一百頁多點(diǎn)兒。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展cut away切除,剪去cut up切碎;齊根切掉;使喪氣,使痛心cut off切斷,中斷cut out刪(省)掉,戒掉cut in插嘴,突然插入cut through剪斷;貫穿cut across繞近道穿過;超過知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】On account of the development of the economy, the environment is seriously polluted and we must _ the emission of the carbon dioxide.Acut inBcut offCcut upDcut down【解析】此題考查動(dòng)詞短語cut down“減少;削減”的用法,相當(dāng)于reduce。句意為:由于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,環(huán)境遭到了嚴(yán)重的污染,我們必須減少二氧化碳的排放量?!敬鸢浮緿知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)4.“Nothing could be better,” he thought.他想:“再?zèng)]有比這些更好的了”。(1)此句中形容詞(或副詞)的比較級(jí) better 與否定詞 nothing 連用,表示最高級(jí)的含義。常用的否定詞有 no,not,never,nothing,nobody,hardly 等。(2)另外,否定詞+so+adj./adv.原級(jí)+as也表示最高級(jí)。(3)nothing(或no)+比較級(jí)+than.可表示最高級(jí)含義。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)(4)最高級(jí)的表達(dá)方式形容詞最高級(jí)前要有物主代詞、所有格形式或定冠詞the;若沒有限定詞或有不定冠詞,不表示最高級(jí)意義,僅表示“很”。可用比較級(jí)形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)意義,但要注意把主語排除在比較范圍之外。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)I cant think of a better idea.我想不出一個(gè)更好的方法。No one is so deaf as those who wont listen.最聾者莫過于不聽勸說的人。I think nothing is more pleasant than travelling.我想沒有什么比旅行更令人愉快的事了。Bill runs faster thanany other boyany of the other boys in his class.在班里比爾跑得比別的男孩都快。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Its a fine day today for an outing.We cant hope for_at this time of the year.A.a nice dayB.a nicer dayC.the nicer dayD.the nicest day【解析】句意為:今天是一個(gè)好天,適合外出。我們?cè)谝荒曛械倪@個(gè)時(shí)候別想有比今天更好的天氣了。比較級(jí)nicer與題干中的否定詞cant連用,其意義表示最高級(jí)。【答案】B知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)三:語法:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞()1.ought to和ought not to(1)ought沒有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,只有一個(gè)形式,后接帶to的不定式,意為“應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng)”,表示“責(zé)任,義務(wù),勸告,可能性”等,有時(shí)含有責(zé)備的意味,語氣上比should強(qiáng)。You ought to take care of your parents.你應(yīng)該照顧你的父母。注意:ought to還可以表推論,用來表示我們的猜測(cè)或得出的結(jié)論:某件事是很有可能的(因?yàn)樗虾踹壿嫽蚴钦5模V?識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Henry ought to be here soonhe left home at six.亨利應(yīng)該很快就到了他六點(diǎn)鐘就從家里出發(fā)了。(2)ought to的否定式為“ought not to”,后面跟動(dòng)詞原形,縮寫為oughtnt to。其一般疑問句形式是將ought置于主語前。He ought not (oughtnt) to tell her the news.他不該把這個(gè)消息告訴她。Ought I to go?我該去嗎?Yes,you ought to.對(duì),你應(yīng)該(去)。(3)在反意疑問句里,下面兩種形式都可以:Bob ought to be at home now,shouldnt/oughtnt he?鮑勃現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在家,不是嗎?知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.have to,dont have to和mustnt(1)have to表示客觀需要,即周圍的環(huán)境、習(xí)慣、協(xié)約等諸如此類的東西,要求某人“不得不做某事”。Its too late,I have to leave now.天太晚了,我現(xiàn)在必須離開了。(2)have to由于是由“have+to”構(gòu)成,因此它有過去時(shí)had to和將來時(shí)will have to,且現(xiàn)在時(shí)中也有人稱和數(shù)的變化。I had to leave yesterday.昨天我不得不離開。We wont have to start next week.我們沒有必要下周就開始。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn) (3)have to的否定式及疑問式通常借助于助動(dòng)詞do來表達(dá),也可以把have看作助動(dòng)詞。Did you have to tell him about that?你必須把那件事告訴他嗎?I havent to leave until seven.我可以等到七點(diǎn)再離開。(4)have to的否定式dont have to表示沒有義務(wù)或必要做某事,意為“不必”,??梢曰卮餸ust提問的疑問句。而must的否定式mustnt主要指說話人主觀的命令或強(qiáng)烈的勸告。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Do we have to finish this today?我們今天一定得完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎?Yes,you must./No,you dont have to.對(duì),必須完成。/不,沒有必要。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.need和needntneed“需要,必要”,既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。(1)用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,后接動(dòng)詞原形,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,通常用于否定句和疑問句。Need I do it at once?我需要馬上做這件事嗎?Theres plenty of time.We neednt drive so fast.時(shí)間很充足,我們不必開這么快。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)(2)用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,有動(dòng)詞的各種形式變化,可用于一切句式。其賓語可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式。構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時(shí)要借助于助動(dòng)詞do或does。He needs our help.他需要我們的幫助。The bike needs repairing.=The bike needs to be repaired.這輛自行車需要修理。We dont need to tell him the truth.我們沒必要告訴他真相。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)誘導(dǎo)展望由于用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的need通常不用于肯定句,所以對(duì)于以need開頭的疑問句的否定回答可用neednt,但是肯定回答卻不能用Yes,I need.之類的,而常用Yes,I must.來回答。Need you go now?你需要現(xiàn)在就走嗎?Yes,I must.是的,我必須現(xiàn)在就走。No,I neednt.不,不必。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)4.在運(yùn)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)之一,可對(duì)過去的動(dòng)作表示推測(cè),責(zé)備,懷疑等多種意義?,F(xiàn)將這種結(jié)構(gòu)的主要用法歸納如下:(1)must+have done表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生情況的肯定推測(cè),意為“想必或肯定(已經(jīng))做了某事”。The ground is rather wet,so it must have rained last night.地面很濕,所以昨晚一定是下雨了。(2)may/might+have done表示對(duì)過去情況或所發(fā)生事情的推測(cè),意為“可能/大概(已經(jīng))做了某事”。Tom may have gone to Shanghai,but Im still not sure about it.湯姆可能去上海了,但我仍不確定。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)(3)can/could+have done表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn),意為“本來可以做,事實(shí)上去沒有做”。I paid a visit to New York last month and we stayed at a nice hotel.我上個(gè)月去了紐約,我們住在一家不錯(cuò)的旅館里。Oh,you could have stayed with Barbara.She is always willing to do you a favour.噢,你該住在芭芭拉家的。她總是愿意幫你的忙。cant/couldnt/mightnt have done表示對(duì)過去情況的否定性推測(cè),意為“不可能已經(jīng)做了某事”。其中can表示的可能性最大。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He cant/couldnt have finished so much work in so short a time.他不可能在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成如此多的工作。在疑問句中can/could 表示對(duì)過去情況的疑問性推測(cè),表示“可能已經(jīng)了嗎?”Someone must have broken into our bedroom.Who could have done it?一定是有人進(jìn)了我們的臥室,誰會(huì)那樣做呢?知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)(4)should/ought to+have done意為“過去本該做某事而實(shí)際上沒有做”,表示說話人后悔、遺憾或責(zé)備的語氣。I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard,but it was too late.我很后悔浪費(fèi)了應(yīng)該用在學(xué)習(xí)上的時(shí)間,但為時(shí)已晚。shouldnt/oughtnt to+have done意為“過去不該做某事卻已經(jīng)做了”,表示說話人后悔或責(zé)備的語氣。Im very sorry for the words I shouldnt have said to you at that moment.那時(shí),我不該對(duì)你那樣說,十分抱歉。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)(5)neednt +have done表示原本不必做某事卻已經(jīng)做了,意為“本不必,沒有必要”。Your home is not far from your school,so you neednt have left in such a hurry then.你家離學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn),所以你當(dāng)時(shí)不必那么急著離開。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】You_to town to see the film yesterday.It will be on TV tonight.A.neednt goB.had better not goC.should not goD.neednt have gone【解析】neednt have done “本不必做某事”。句意為:昨天你本不必到城里去看電影,今天電視上將會(huì)放映?!敬鸢浮緿知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)You didnt invite Mary to the party?_her,too?A.Must I inviteB.Should I have invitedC.Must I have invitedD.Should I invite【解析】根據(jù)題干的時(shí)態(tài)判斷,可知此題敘述的是過去的情況,所以可排除A和D。而must have done沒有疑問形式。故正確答案為B。句意為我也應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她嗎?【答案】B知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Jenny_her word.I wonder why she changed her mind.A.must have keptB.can have keptC.should have keptD.neednt have kept【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對(duì)過去的推測(cè)。句意為:珍妮本該信守承諾的,我想知道她為什么改變了主意。全句談?wù)摰氖沁^去的事,故用should have done結(jié)構(gòu),表示“原本該做而沒有做”?!敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Who left the door open?Oh,sorry.I_the door.A.ought to lockB.ought to have lockedC.should lockD.could lock【解析】A、C兩項(xiàng)均為“應(yīng)該鎖”,D項(xiàng)為“能鎖”,B項(xiàng)為“本應(yīng)該鎖”。由句意:誰讓門開著的?噢,對(duì)不起。我本應(yīng)該鎖上門的??芍?,選B項(xiàng)。【答案】B知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)