【立體設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ) Unit3 A taste of English humour課件 新人教版必修4（課標(biāo)通用）

高考總復(fù)習(xí)一輪用書(shū)立體設(shè)計(jì)走進(jìn)新課堂英英 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)必修4Unit3 A taste of English humour話(huà)題：1.Different types of English humour(英語(yǔ)幽默種類(lèi))2.A taste of English humour(感受英語(yǔ)的幽默)功能：Emotions(感情，情緒)語(yǔ)法：The v.-ing form as the Predicative, Attribute and Object Complement(動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法)重點(diǎn)單詞：humour,ordinary，content，astonish，particular，entertain，throughout，overcome，convince,direct，fortunate，outstanding， gesture，occasion,slide,whisper,react課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：up to now,pick out，star in，cut off，be/feel content with，badly off，be convinced of，be particular about，in the open air重點(diǎn)句型1.You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.2.Unfortunately，his father died,leaving the family even worse off.3.Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.4.The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!課程解讀課程解讀要點(diǎn)一：重點(diǎn)單詞1.content n.內(nèi)容，題材；容量，目錄（pl.）；滿(mǎn)足（意） adj.滿(mǎn)足的，高興的（一般不用作定語(yǔ)）；甘愿的vt.使?jié)M足知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展（1）be content to do sth.=be willing to do sth.=be ready to do sth.愿意做某事（不能用contented替換）be content that滿(mǎn)意feel/be content with.（=feel/be satisfied with）對(duì)感到滿(mǎn)意/滿(mǎn)足（2）content sb./oneself with sth.使?jié)M足于某事（3）with content滿(mǎn)足（意）地to ones hearts content盡情地，心滿(mǎn)意足地（4）contented adj.滿(mǎn)足的，滿(mǎn)意的（可作定語(yǔ)）the contented people滿(mǎn)足的人們a contented smile滿(mǎn)足的微笑注意：content用作形容詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)，表示“非常滿(mǎn)意”時(shí)，只能說(shuō)be well content，不能說(shuō)be very content。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He is always content with a little book knowledge only.他總是滿(mǎn)足于僅有的一點(diǎn)書(shū)本知識(shí)。After graduation,he is content to work as a teacher.畢業(yè)后，他很樂(lè)意當(dāng)老師。We should never content ourselves with such a small success.我們永遠(yuǎn)不要僅僅滿(mǎn)足于這樣的小成就。We can swim in the river to our hearts content.我們可以在河里盡情地游泳。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類(lèi)辨析content與contented這兩個(gè)詞都有“滿(mǎn)意的，滿(mǎn)足的”之意。（1）content表示“甘心的，甘愿的”，多用作表語(yǔ)、后置定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，后面可接不定式。（2）contented 指安于現(xiàn)狀，別無(wú)他求，有“知足”的意思，一般作前置定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Neither the teacher nor the students are_with the result of the experiment.A.contentB.contentedC.contentingD.satisfying【解析】be content with.=be satisfied with.。句意為：老師和學(xué)生都對(duì)這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果不滿(mǎn)意?！敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)That rich woman is tired of city life，so she is_ to live in the country.A.afraidB.unwillingC.contentD.tiring【解析】be content to do sth.“愿意做某事”。句意為：那個(gè)貴婦人厭倦了城市生活，因此她樂(lè)意到鄉(xiāng)村去居住?！敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.entertain vt.&vi.使快樂(lè)；款待，招待歸納拓展（1）entertain sb.to sth.用宴客/招待/款待某人（尤指在自己家中）entertain sb.with sth.=sb.be entertained with sth.用使某人快樂(lè)entertain sb.as.把某人當(dāng)招待（2）entertainment n.娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)；款待，招待find entertainment in以為樂(lè)give an entertainment to sb.招待某人give a farewell entertainment to sb.為某人舉行歡送會(huì)（3）entertaining adj.愉快的，有趣的，引人發(fā)笑的entertainer n.款待者；表演娛樂(lè)節(jié)目的人知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Bob and Lily entertained us to dinner last night.昨晚鮑勃和莉莉設(shè)宴招待了我們。He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes.他給我們講故事、說(shuō)笑話(huà)，讓我們高興了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。This law applies to theatres，cinemas and other places of public entertainment.此項(xiàng)法律適用于劇院、電影院和其他公共娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所。She was always so funny and entertaining.她總是那么風(fēng)趣，讓人愉快。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】He often listens to the music in his spare time to_himself.A.entertainB.encourageC.educateD.edit【解析】entertain“娛樂(lè)”；encourage“鼓勵(lì)”；educate“教育”；edit“編輯”。entertain oneself“自?shī)首詷?lè)”，符合題意?！敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn) consists of performances of plays and films and activities such as reading and watching TV that give people pleasure.A.EntertainB.To entertainC.EntertainingD.Entertainment【解析】entertainment 是名詞，意為“招待，款待，娛樂(lè)，消遣”，在此意為“娛樂(lè)”。句意為：娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)包括表演、電影及其他一些像讀書(shū)、看電影等帶給人們愉悅的活動(dòng)。【答案】D知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展（1）convince sb.of sth./that使某人相信某事convince sb.to do sth.說(shuō)服某人做某事（2）convinced adj. 堅(jiān)定不移的；確信的be convinced of sth./that確信（3）convincing adj. 令人信服的；有說(shuō)服力的a convincing victory/win大比分獲勝知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.convince vt. 使確信；使信服I convinced him of her honesty.=I convinced him that she was honest.我使他相信她是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。He has been trying to convince her to see a doctor.他一直試著勸她去看醫(yī)生。I am convinced that he is telling the truth.我確信他講的是事實(shí)。We were convinced of the truth of the report.我們確信這個(gè)報(bào)告的真實(shí)性。There is now convincing evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.現(xiàn)在有令人信服的證據(jù)說(shuō)吸煙能導(dǎo)致肺癌。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類(lèi)辨析convince與persuadeconvince和persuade都有“說(shuō)服”之意，都可用于convince/persuade sb.of sth.和convince/persuade sb.that.結(jié)構(gòu)。但convince表示用事實(shí)或道理等說(shuō)服某人相信或做某事；而persuade則表示用勸說(shuō)的方法使人愿意采納意見(jiàn)或采取行動(dòng)，側(cè)重以情感人。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)I tried to convince them of his innocence.我試圖使他們相信他是無(wú)辜的。I finally persuaded him to go to college.我終于說(shuō)服他去上大學(xué)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The couple tried every effort to_the judges who tried the case of their innocence,resulting in the contrary.A.proveB.chargeC.convinceD.confirm【解析】句意為：那對(duì)夫婦盡力使審訊那宗案件的法官相信他們是清白的，但結(jié)果正相反。prove“證明”；charge sb. with.“指控某人”；convince sb. of sth.“使某人相信”；confirm sth.“證實(shí)”。由句意及convince sb. of sth.的搭配可知正確答案為C項(xiàng)。【答案】C知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)4.direct vt.& vi. 導(dǎo)演；指揮；指示adj. 徑直的；直接的；直率的adv. 直接地知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Was what he said directed at me？他說(shuō)的話(huà)是沖我來(lái)的嗎？Can you direct me to the post office？請(qǐng)問(wèn)到郵局怎么走？A policeman stood in the middle of the street,directing the traffic.一名交警站在路中央指揮交通。The general directed the troops to attack.that the troops （should） attack.將軍命令士兵進(jìn)攻。At the sound of the gun, the birds flew in all directions.聽(tīng)到槍聲，鳥(niǎo)兒四處飛去。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)It costs more to fly direct to HongKong.直飛香港的航班票價(jià)要高些。Directly the teacher came in,everyone was quiet.老師一進(jìn)來(lái)，大家都靜了下來(lái)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)同類(lèi)辨析direct與directly（1）direct指行進(jìn)中不停步，不繞道，直奔目的地。directly指以一種直接的方式。表時(shí)間時(shí)，指“立刻，不拖延”之意。（2）direct作副詞時(shí)，多表示具體的路徑，意為“徑直地，直接地”；directly作副詞時(shí)，表示抽象意義，意為“直接地”。也可作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一就”。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The airline doesnt go_to America.It goes by way of Japan.A.directlyB.directC.directionD.immediately【解析】direct作副詞，意為“徑直地，直接地”多指路徑；directly“直接地”多表示抽象意義。句意為：飛機(jī)不直飛美國(guó)，要經(jīng)過(guò)日本?！敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)5.whisper n.& v.耳語(yǔ)；私語(yǔ)；謠傳；密談；低聲說(shuō)歸納拓展（1）whisper to sb.與耳語(yǔ)，向某人小聲說(shuō)whisper sth.in ones ear 附在某人耳朵上說(shuō)It is/was whispered that.據(jù)秘密傳言（2）in a whisper/whispers 低聲地give sb.the whisper對(duì)某人耳語(yǔ)，給某人以暗示知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He whispered to her so that no one else would hear.他對(duì)她耳語(yǔ)，以避免讓別人聽(tīng)到。It is whispered that his business is falling.據(jù)傳言他的公司要倒閉。They sat at the back of the room，talking in whispers.他們坐在房間的后面低聲談話(huà)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】She had to_to her husband so that she would not wake the baby.A.shoutB.speakC.whisperD.talk【解析】句意為：為了不弄醒嬰兒，她不得不和丈夫耳語(yǔ)。whisper to sb.“與耳語(yǔ)，向某人小聲說(shuō)”?！敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)6.react vi.作出反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)歸納拓展（1）react to對(duì)作出反應(yīng)react on/upon對(duì)有影響，作用于react against反對(duì)；反抗react with sth.=react together 和某物起化學(xué)反應(yīng)（2）reaction n. 反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)chain reaction連鎖反應(yīng)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.鐵和水及空氣發(fā)生反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生鐵銹。Will the people ever react against this dictator？有朝一日人民會(huì)起來(lái)反抗這位獨(dú)裁者嗎？How did she react to your answer？對(duì)你的回答她如何反應(yīng)？Your praise will react on your students.你的表?yè)P(yáng)會(huì)影響到你的學(xué)生。What was his reaction to the news？他對(duì)這消息的反應(yīng)如何？知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The football player reacted_the judges decision by withdrawing from the match.A.onB.toC.againstD.by【解析】考查react與不同介詞搭配的不同意義。句意為：這名球員以退出比賽來(lái)反抗裁判的裁決。react against“反對(duì)，反抗”，符合題意?！敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)用介詞to/with/against完成句子Plants react_light.Certain acids react_metals to cause chemical changes.They reacted strongly_the unreasonable rules.【答案】towithagainst知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)二：重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)與句型1.badly off 窮的；缺乏的；境況不好的歸納拓展(1)be badly off for sth.某物短缺、不夠（相當(dāng)于 be short of/lack of）be well off 富裕的；處境好的be well off for sth.某一方面充裕be better off境況較好be worse off更窮；境況更糟知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)(2)worse and worse越來(lái)越壞；每況愈下go from bad to worse越來(lái)越壞，每況愈下to make matters worse=(and)what is worse而更糟糕的是知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)I have got quite a big room so Im not too badly off.我有一間蠻大的屋子，所以住得還不算太差。I went to his home and found his living conditions were worse off than mine.我到他家一看，發(fā)現(xiàn)他的生活條件比我的還差。The school is rather badly off for equipment.這所學(xué)校相當(dāng)缺乏設(shè)備。To make matters worse/Whats worse, it began to rain while we were marching.使事情更糟的是，在我們行進(jìn)過(guò)程中，天下起了雨。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】How are the things in your village？Modern farming methods have been brought in and the villagers are_now than before.A.well offB.better offC.badly offD.worse off【解析】be well off “富?！?；其比較級(jí)be better off“境況較好”；be badly off “貧困”；其比較級(jí)be worse off“比以前更窮”，根據(jù)句意可知村民的生活比以前“更富裕了”，所以用be well off的比較級(jí)be better off?！敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Mary，Toms father has just lost his job.Im sorry to hear that.You mean he is much_now.A.badly offB.best offC.worse offD.better off【解析】由句意可知應(yīng)選“境況差的”，又much常用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)，而badly off的比較級(jí)是worse off，故選C?！敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.pick out挑出；辨別出歸納拓展pick up撿起，拾起；用車(chē)搭載（人、貨物）；（偶然地、無(wú)意地）獲得（知識(shí)、消息等）；學(xué)會(huì)（語(yǔ)言）；改善，好轉(zhuǎn)；接收（信號(hào)等）pick up with sb.結(jié)識(shí)某人pick on/upon給（某人）找（別扭）；挑剔pick and choose挑三揀四知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.她從大批的求職者當(dāng)中被選出來(lái)?yè)?dān)任這項(xiàng)工作。See if you can pick me out in this photo.看你能不能把我從這張照片中認(rèn)出來(lái)。She was picked on by the other girls because of her size.她因?yàn)閭€(gè)頭關(guān)系被其他女孩欺負(fù)。The bus picks up passengers outside the airport.公共汽車(chē)在機(jī)場(chǎng)外接乘客。Sales have picked up 14% this year.今年銷(xiāo)售額增長(zhǎng)了14%。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】How could you_my sister so easily in the crowd?Because she stood out in her red dress.A.pick upB.pick outC.take upD.take out【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。pick up“撿起”；pick out“挑出，辨認(rèn)出”；take up“拿起，開(kāi)始從事”；take out“拿出來(lái)”。句意為：你在人群中如何很容易辨認(rèn)出我妹妹來(lái)？因?yàn)樗┲t裙子很顯眼。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B?！敬鸢浮緽知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Bad habits are easily_while good ones are hard to develop.A.kept upB.caught upC.drawn upD.picked up【解析】keep up“保持”；catch up（with.）“追上”；draw up“接近”；pick up“養(yǎng)成”。句意為：壞習(xí)慣易養(yǎng)成而好習(xí)慣卻很難。【答案】D知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.cut off 切斷（水、電、煤氣等）供應(yīng)；切掉，剪下；（突然）中斷；斷離（常跟from)歸納拓展cut across 抄近路穿過(guò)；徑直穿過(guò)cut away 切掉，剪掉；逃走，跑開(kāi)cut down 砍倒；（疾病等）奪去生命；削減，縮短；毀滅，破壞cut in 插嘴；突然插入；超車(chē)cut into halves/pieces 切成兩半/碎塊cut out 切掉；刪掉；割掉；省略cut up 切碎，切掉；使喪氣，使痛心知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)She cut off a big piece of beef from the steak.她從牛排上切下一大塊肉來(lái)。The countrys economy would collapse if oil supplies were cut off.如果石油供應(yīng)中斷的話(huà)，該國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)崩潰。I usually cut across the park on my way home.我常抄近路回家，從公園里面走。They cut away all the dead branches from the tree.他們把這棵樹(shù)上的枯枝全都砍掉了。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were .A.hung upB.hung backC.cut downD.cut off【解析】cut sb.off “中斷（電話(huà)通話(huà)）”。句意為：我正在與安通電話(huà)，突然我們被中斷了。hang up “掛起，掛斷（電話(huà)）”，hang back“猶豫，畏縮”；cut down “砍倒，削減”，三者均與句意不符。【答案】D知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)He was in hospital for six months.He felt as if he was_from the outside world.A.cut outB.cut offC.cut upD.cut through【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。cut off “切斷，剝奪”；cut out “刪除，剪下”；cut up “切碎”；cut through “刺穿；抄近路”。句意為：他住院六個(gè)月，感覺(jué)好像與外界隔絕了。根據(jù)題意可知答案為B。【答案】B知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)4.Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.卓別林首先挑出鞋帶來(lái)吃，像是吃意大利面條一樣。as if=（as though）意為“似乎是，好像是”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。表示與當(dāng)時(shí)狀況不相符的情況，故使用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)歸納拓展（1）在look，seem，sound等系動(dòng)詞后引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。（2）可引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。（3）as if還可用于省略句中。如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，可省略主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞，這樣as if后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞（短語(yǔ)）、介詞短語(yǔ)或分詞。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)（4）as if從句的語(yǔ)氣及時(shí)態(tài)as if從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣的情況當(dāng)說(shuō)話(huà)者認(rèn)為句子所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。as if從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況當(dāng)說(shuō)話(huà)者認(rèn)為句子所述的是不真實(shí)的或極不可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式如下：a.如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。b.如果從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had+過(guò)去分詞。c.如果從句表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)It sounds as though you had a good time.聽(tīng)起來(lái)你好像過(guò)得挺愉快。He talked about Hong Kong as if he had been there before.他說(shuō)起香港時(shí)好像他以前去過(guò)似的。He opened his lips as if to say something.他張開(kāi)嘴好像要說(shuō)什么。Its my birthday today.As if you didnt know！今天是我的生日，你好像不知道似的！It seems as if he has lost something.他好像丟了什么東西。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】He stopped and looked back as if_whether he was followed.A.seeingB.having seenC.to have seenD.to see【解析】as if可用于省略句中，如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，可省略主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞。此處用動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。to have seen 時(shí)態(tài)不合適?！敬鸢浮緿知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)三：語(yǔ)法：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成，包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞?？梢栽诰渲杏米髦髡Z(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。下面來(lái)看一下動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)一、動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作表語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞或 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的位置可互換。The task of this class is practising the idioms.這節(jié)課的任務(wù)是練習(xí)這些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。His job is teaching English.他的工作是教英語(yǔ)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。What you said is really inspiring.你所說(shuō)的真鼓舞人心。The situation is quite encouraging.形勢(shì)很令人鼓舞。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)二、動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞及其短語(yǔ)可以在句中作定語(yǔ)，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，與其修飾詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是它修飾的那個(gè)詞的動(dòng)作。1.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的位置現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的名詞前面，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)通常放在它所修飾的名詞后面，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句。如果現(xiàn)在分詞修飾由some/any/no+thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的不定代詞或指示代詞those時(shí)，分詞放在這些被修飾詞的后面。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)注意：動(dòng)詞-ing形式的動(dòng)名詞也可作定語(yǔ)，它表示“用作的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)用途與目的，而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作。a waiting room（=a room for waiting）候診室，候車(chē)室a sleeping child（=a child who is sleeping）熟睡的孩子She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.=She went on board the train which was leaving for Shanghai.她乘坐去上海的火車(chē)。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其表示的動(dòng)作是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或基本同時(shí)發(fā)生的。The boy standing by the gate is Tom.站在門(mén)口的男孩子是湯姆。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.如果一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，既要表達(dá)進(jìn)行，又要表達(dá)被動(dòng)，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The meeting being held is very important.正在召開(kāi)的會(huì)議很重要。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。v.-ing 形式主要用于下列幾類(lèi)動(dòng)詞中，后接賓語(yǔ)然后加上動(dòng)詞-ing，構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，由其充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1.表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如 see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，notice，observe，listen to，look at等。I heard Mr.Smith singing in the next door.我聽(tīng)到史密斯先生在隔壁唱歌。I felt someone patting me on the shoulder.我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)2.表示“指使”等意義的使役動(dòng)詞，如 have，let，keep，get，leave 等。Can you get my watch going again？你能使我的表再運(yùn)作起來(lái)嗎？Im sorry to have kept you waiting long.對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)3.在有些動(dòng)詞（如 regard，describe，accept，think of，quote 等）之后，可由 as 引出動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)。They regarded the contract as being invalid.他們認(rèn)為合同無(wú)效。They described the child as being very clever.他們描述這孩子非常聰明。知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 Shortage of water is a_problem in the west area of China，which should be paid attention to by the government.A.to be continuedB.continuedC.being continuedD.continuing【解析】考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式作前置定語(yǔ)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，如果是單個(gè)的v.-ing修飾名詞通常前置，如果是v.-ing短語(yǔ)則后置。 【答案】D知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)What most people hate most_at in public.A.is being laughedB.being laughedC.is to laughD.laughed【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作表語(yǔ)。句意為：多數(shù)人最痛恨的就是在公共場(chǎng)合被嘲笑?！敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)The salesman scolded the girl caught_and let her off.A.stealingB.to be stealingC.to have stolenD.to steal【解析】考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。catch sb. doing sth. 抓住/發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事。caught stealing是the girl的后置定語(yǔ)?！敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)Something_the tap should be removed so that the water can come through quickly.A.blockingB.blockedC.be blockedD.having blocked【解析】something與block之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；又現(xiàn)在分詞修飾something等不定代詞時(shí)，分詞放在這些修飾詞的后面，故正確答案為A。D項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)?！敬鸢浮緼知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)It was so cold that they had the fire_all night.A.to burnB.burnC.burningD.burned【解析】have.doing“讓一直在做”。在此現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況?！敬鸢浮緾知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)知 識(shí) 與 要 點(diǎn)