【精校版】高中英語人教版 必修2教師用書：unit 3 SectionⅣ GrammarWriting Word版含答案

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1、人教版精品英語資料（精校版） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing　　 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的被動(dòng)性動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 have/has＋been＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式 1．肯定式：主語＋have/has＋been＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞＋其他 The problem has already been solved. 問題早已解決。 2．否定式：主語＋have/has＋not＋been＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞＋其他 They haven’

2、t been told the exciting news yet, have they? 他們還沒有被告知這個(gè)令人興奮的消息，是嗎？ 3．一般疑問式：Have/Has ＋主語＋been＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞＋其他？ Has his new novel been translated into English yet? 他的新小說被譯成英語了嗎？ 4．特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋been＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞＋其他？ How long has the car been used? 這輛汽車用了多長時(shí)間了？ [考題印證1] ①(北京高考改編)Shakespeare’s

3、play Hamlet has_been_made (make) into at least ten different films over the past years. ②(天津高考改編)In the last few years thousands of films have_been_produced (produce) all over the world. 三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主要用法 1．表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響與結(jié)果。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可與already 或yet 連用，但不能與for或since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 I’m sorry,

4、 but the letters haven’t been typed yet. 很抱歉，這些信件還沒有被打印出來。(結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在還拿不到這些信件) The work has already been finished. 工作已完成了。(結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在不用做這項(xiàng)工作了) 2．表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用，或用于How long ...？句型中。 The plan has been discussed for nearly 2 hours. 這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃已被討論了近兩小時(shí)了。 3．用在時(shí)間或條件等狀語從句中，表示將

5、來某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)代替將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 You can go home as soon as your task has been finished. 你的任務(wù)一完成就可以回家。 2 (陜西高考改編)Though we don’t know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic has_been_changed (change)． 4．非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的運(yùn)用。 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, joi

6、n等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能與for 或since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，但可與already 或yet 連用。這類動(dòng)詞的否定式可表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)過程，具有持續(xù)性，因而可與since 或for 構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。 No books have been bought since last week. 自上周以來，沒有人來買過書。 這本書買了多久了？ 誤：How long has this book been bought? 正：How long ago was this book bought? 5．動(dòng)詞短語是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中要保持完整性，不可省略動(dòng)詞短語

7、中的介詞或副詞。 The orphan has been looked after by his neighbours. 這個(gè)孤兒一直由鄰居們照顧。 The problem has been paid enough attention to. 這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)被給予了足夠的重視。 3 (全國卷Ⅰ改編)His sister left home in 1998, and has_not_been_heard (not hear) of since. Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．When you get the paper back, pay special attention

8、to what has_been_marked (mark)． 2．Great changes have_taken (take) place in my hometown since 2000. 3．When I reached the station, the tickets had_been_sold (sell) out. 4．In some parts of the world, such as in England, tea is_served (serve) with milk and sugar. 5．As for the English Speaking Compet

9、ition，when and where it will be held hasn’t_been_decided (not decide) yet. 6．Every possible means has_been_tried (try) to stop the bad behaviour, but they don’t work at all. 7．Over the past ten years, this town has_been_hit (hit) twice by earthquakes. 8．—Will the lecture be held at 4 o’clock this

10、 afternoon? —No.It has_been_put (put) off till tomorrow afternoon. Ⅱ.請把下列句子由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài) 1．This company has produced new types of compu-ters. →New_types_of_computers_have_been_produced. 2．Mum has not given me some money when I came back to school. →I_have_not_been_given_some_money_when_I_came_ba

11、ck_to_school._ →Some_money_has_not_been_given_to_me_when_I_came_back_to_school. 3．Has the little girl asked you to help her with her English? →Have_you_been_asked_to_help_the_little_girl_with_her_English? 4．His father has made him work hard. →He_has_been_made_to_work_hard_by_his_father. 5．We h

12、ave made use of all of our time. →All_of_our_time_has_been_made_use_of. 　想象性作文：描述機(jī)器人 假定你設(shè)計(jì)出了一款新機(jī)器人——家用機(jī)器人，請你介紹一下其主要功能?？蓞⒖枷旅娴膬?nèi)容： 1．可以在固定的時(shí)間做飯，做飯時(shí)間可以根據(jù)個(gè)人需要進(jìn)行調(diào)整； 2．可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做運(yùn)動(dòng)等； 3．及時(shí)處理突發(fā)事件，例如在老人突然病倒時(shí)及時(shí)撥打求救電話等。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．內(nèi)容可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，注意行文連貫。 ①Here is a new type of robot — the househ

13、old robot. ②It can help us in many ways. ③Firstly, it can watch over the old while we are not at home and can also accompany (陪伴) the old in having a chat, playing chess, and doing exercise. ④Secondly, it can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual needs. ⑤Thirdly

14、, it is very easy to deal with the difficulties we meet. ⑥For example, if an old man falls ill all of a sudden, all at once the robot can give the doctor a call for help. ⑦In a word, it would be of great help for you if you own such a robot. 第一段：開篇點(diǎn)題總領(lǐng)全文，引出寫作的話題與內(nèi)容。 第二、三、四段：分別進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)描述，每一段介紹了一種具體情

15、況。 最后一段：總結(jié)全文。 亮點(diǎn)一：本文想象合理，段落層次分明，語句運(yùn)用通順，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，句與句之間使用了恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接成分，段與段之間過渡自然，是一篇很好的習(xí)作。 亮點(diǎn)二：通過使用連接詞firstly(句③)，secondly(句④)，thirdly(句⑤)使機(jī)器人的功能介紹條理化，層次分明，使人一目了然。 亮點(diǎn)三：通過適時(shí)舉例(句⑥)來解釋機(jī)器人的第三個(gè)功能，形象具體，更有助于人們對家用機(jī)器人的了解。 如何寫想象性作文 這類寫作沒有固定的結(jié)構(gòu)或格式，內(nèi)容也不受限制，你需要放飛想象的翅膀，可以對你理想中的未來事物的形態(tài)、構(gòu)造、性質(zhì)、功能等進(jìn)行大膽的設(shè)想，并進(jìn)行科學(xué)的描述。

16、 1．引入：首先引出你要寫的事物。 ...plays a very important role in our daily life. ...is of great importance/help/use in our daily life. 2．陳述背景知識(shí)：介紹它什么時(shí)候產(chǎn)生，以及至今為止有哪些主要發(fā)展階段。 Since the earliest times ... The history of ...goes back to ... Over ...years ago ... By the beginning of this century ... After this

17、... 3．目前的狀況： Recently, there has been renewed interest in ... Recent developments in this field include ... Other exciting developments have been ... 4．前景： Many experts predict that ... Some forecasts predict that ... The field of ...has enormous potential. 5．結(jié)論：總結(jié)要點(diǎn)，再次強(qiáng)調(diào)它為什么那么吸引人，引人關(guān)注。 In

18、 conclusion ... Thus, it can be concluded that ... Obviously，we can draw the conclusion that ... 你們班進(jìn)行了一次關(guān)于未來機(jī)器人的討論。作為你們小組的代表，請你以“My Ideal Robot in the Future”為題寫一篇100詞左右的英語短文，向同學(xué)們介紹你心目中的理想機(jī)器人。 ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________

19、______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： My Ideal Robot in the F

20、uture My ideal robot in the future is a beautiful little girl, who is blue and about 1.6 metres tall. She is the newest in the world, and it looks like a real girl. She is very clever, and can understand all I say and do what I ask her to do. She can help me with my homework and give me some advic

21、e whenever I meet with difficulties. She can remind me of anything important, such as exams and even my birthday. She does most of the housework without having a rest. With such a robot, I won’t feel lonely any longer because she can sing and dance to me whenever I need. She can play tennis with me and can express her emotions with words and gestures. She shares my joys and sorrows as well. Wouldn’t it be interesting to own such a robot in the future？