高三英語語法提分微點(diǎn)案 考點(diǎn)11 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣

語法專題語法專題 語法提分微點(diǎn)案語法提分微點(diǎn)案考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)11情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣微視角大領(lǐng)悟微視角大領(lǐng)悟 微學(xué)堂漲分?jǐn)?shù)微學(xué)堂漲分?jǐn)?shù) 微考場新演練微考場新演練 微視角大領(lǐng)悟微視角大領(lǐng)悟 練知考情會方法技巧練知考情會方法技巧Mum: Are they there? Oh my goodness. I _ (put) them there when the phone rang.解析：該空是對過去的肯定的猜測，故填must have put。must have put 1情態(tài)動詞的主要考點(diǎn)集中在情態(tài)動詞的基本意義和對“情態(tài)動詞have done”的考查上，應(yīng)根據(jù)語氣強(qiáng)弱和時間確定用哪種情態(tài)動詞和情態(tài)動詞的形式。2虛擬語氣謂語的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)句中時間狀語判斷主從句謂語的形式。 (2014四川卷短文改錯)If you are me, would you talk to them?答案與解析：arewere句意：如果你是我，你會和他們說話嗎？根據(jù)主句謂語形式可判斷出從句是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故are應(yīng)改為were。注意以下兩點(diǎn)：1條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣，應(yīng)根據(jù)句中時間狀語和語境確定謂語動詞形式。2表示“堅持、命令、建議、要求”等詞后的賓語從句謂語用(should) do 形式。 微學(xué)堂漲分?jǐn)?shù)微學(xué)堂漲分?jǐn)?shù) 語法精講明重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)語法精講明重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn) 1常用的表示推測的情態(tài)動詞：(1)must常用于肯定句，表示有把握的推測。表示對現(xiàn)在或未來情況進(jìn)行推測，后接動詞原形；表示對此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作進(jìn)行推測，后接be doing；表示對過去情況的推測，后接have done。(2)can常用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中，表示疑惑、驚訝或不相信等意思。can用于肯定句中表示客觀的可能性，意為“有時會”。could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句和疑問句中。 2情態(tài)動詞的其他用法：(1)must用于條件句或疑問句中，可以用來表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意為“偏要；硬要”。(2)should表示驚訝、不以為然等情緒，用于某些句型中，意為“竟然”。(3)will表示“意愿，意志”，would表示過去時間的“意愿，意志”。will還可以表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作，意為“總會，老是”，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)意為“不肯，不能”。(4)might/may as well“不妨；還是為好”，主要用于表示提議或勸告。(5)shall用于第一、三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見；用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。3情態(tài)動詞have done用法：(1)表示“責(zé)備或遺憾”。 should/ought to have done原本應(yīng)該做(但未做到) should not/ought notto have done原本不應(yīng)該做(但做了) could have done原本能做(但未做到)could not have done原本不能做(但做了)neednt have done原本不必做(但做了)(2)表示“對過去事實(shí)的推斷”。must have done肯定已經(jīng)；當(dāng)時必然may have done或許已經(jīng)cant have done不可能已經(jīng)1在條件從句(虛擬條件句)中，表示與事實(shí)相反的條件分三種情況：(1)與現(xiàn)在情況相反：從句用過去式(be常用were)，主句用would/could/might/should(用于第一人稱)do。( 2 ) 與 過 去 情 況 相 反 ： 從 句 用 過 去 完 成 時 ， 主 句 用would/could/might/shouldhave done。(3)與將來情況相反：從句用過去式(did)/shoulddo/were to do，主句用would/could/might/shoulddo。2在賓語從句中：(1)表示建議(suggest, advise, propose, recommend), 要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等的動詞后面接的賓語從句中謂語動詞用“shoulddo”， should可以省略。(2)wish接賓語從句有三種情況：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：從句謂語動詞用過去時；與過去事實(shí)相反：從句謂語動詞用過去完成時(had done)；與將來事實(shí)相反：從句謂語動詞用情態(tài)動詞(would/could)do。3在主語從句中：在句型“It is important(necessary, strange, natural)that .”中， that后面的從句中謂語動詞用“(should)do”。4在suggestion, proposal, order, request等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞用“shoulddo”， should可以省略。 5虛擬語氣在其他從句中的運(yùn)用(1)would rather所接的從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去式(對現(xiàn)在虛擬)或者過去完成式(對過去虛擬)I would rather you stayed at home now.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在待在家里。(2)It is (high) time (that) .句型中謂語動詞用一般過去式或should動詞原形，其中should不可省略Its high time that we left/should leave.該到我們離開的時候了。(3)if only后面的謂語動詞常用一般過去式(對現(xiàn)在虛擬)、過去完成式(對過去虛擬)或過去將來式(對將來虛擬)，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望If only our dream had come true!要是我們的夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)了多好??！(4)as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用過去式(對現(xiàn)在虛擬)或過去完成式(對過去虛擬)They are talking as if they had been friends for years.他們像多年的好友一樣正在交談。 微考場新演練微考場新演練 好題巧練拿高考滿分好題巧練拿高考滿分 .單句訓(xùn)練1(2015四川卷)You _ be careful with the camera. It costs!解析：句意：你必須小心使用這個相機(jī)，它很貴的！根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容可知空格處表示“必要性”，意為“必須”，故用must。2(2015浙江卷)It was so noisy that we _ not hear ourselves speak.解析：句意：這里如此嘈雜以至于我們無法聽到自己說話。根據(jù)語境可知此處表達(dá)過去的能力，故用could。3(2015重慶卷)You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.解析：句意：你一定是卡羅爾，這么多年過去了你一點(diǎn)也沒變。根據(jù)語境可知此處表示對現(xiàn)在情況的肯定推測，所以要用must“一定”。 must must could 4Ive ordered some pizza, so we _ not worry about cooking when we get home tired.解析：句意：我已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了一些比薩餅，所以當(dāng)我們到家感到累的時候就不必?fù)?dān)心做飯的事了。根據(jù)句意可知答案為need。5I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.解析：句意：我仍然記得我快樂的童年，那時候我媽媽常常在周末帶我去迪斯尼樂園。would“過去常?！?。6(2015陜西卷)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I _ (dance) as well as her.解析：句意：Ellen是一個非常優(yōu)秀的舞者，我希望我能跳得像她一樣好。wish后面的賓語從句用一般過去時表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬。danced need would 7It is required by law that a driving test _ (take) before a man gets a license.解析：句意：法律規(guī)定，一個人在獲得駕照之前要先參加駕照考試。It is required that .中，that從句的謂語動詞用“should動詞原形”，其中should可以省略；又因?yàn)閠est與take之間是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)，即(should)be taken。8The nationwide smog indicates that its high time we _ (reflect) on ourselves.解析：句意：全國范圍內(nèi)的霧霾提醒我們是時候反思自己了。由“it is high time sb. did/should do sth.”可知填reflected/should reflect。reflected/should reflect (should) be taken .語法填空Its a common experience: you log on(登錄) to social media, only _ (find) that you have been asked to share an advertisement. You then get some coupons(打折券) or lucky money. But now you _ think twice before doing so.If that ad has any false information in it, you may get _ (fine) along with the company, according to Chinas new advertising law, _ came into effect on Sept. 1.The new law is thought to be the _ (strict) in history. It bans lies in all ads, including popup ads and even WeChat promotions. _ (company) can not use “best” and “statelevel” to describe their products, and photos and descriptions should be true to _ (real). reality to find should fined which strictest Companies If they break the rules, for example, by using computer software to whiten the teeth in a photo promoting toothpaste, they will be fined up to 2 million yuan.These rules apply not only to organizations, but also to individuals. That _ (mean) if your friends post or share an ad, they _ also obey the law.Many experts welcome the changes, _ (say) it will “change advertising in China”means should saying