《小學(xué)英語語法》word版.doc

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節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄薄肇肅蚄蚆袀莂蚃蝿肆羋螞袁衿膄蟻蝕肄膀羋螃羇肆芇裊膂蒞芆薅羅芁芅蚇膁膇芄蝿羃肅莃袂螆莁莂薁羂芇莂螄螅芃莁袆肀腿莀薆袃肅荿蚈肈莄莈螀袁芀莇袃肇膆蒆薂衿肂蒆蚅肅羈蒅袇袈莆蒄薆膃節(jié)蒃蠆羆膈蒂螁膁肄蒁袃羄莃薀薃螇艿薀蚅羃膅蕿螈螅肁薈薇羈肇薇蝕襖莆薆螂聿節(jié)薅襖袂膇薄 I詢問名字年齡。1, -Whats your name? -你叫什么名字？-My name is _. -我叫。2, -How old are you? -你幾歲了？-Im 12. -我十二歲。I I 詢問顏色。1, -What colour is it? -它是什么顏色的？-Its yellow and white. -黃白相間。2, -What colour are they? -它們是什么顏色的？-Theyre green. -綠色的。III 詢問數(shù)量或價錢。1, -How many kites can you see? -你可以看見幾只風(fēng)箏？-I can see 12. -我可以看見十二只風(fēng)箏。2, -How many crayons do you have? -你有多少支彩筆？-I have 16. -我有十六支。3, -How many people are there in your family? -你家有幾口人？-Three. -三口人。4, -How much is this dress? -這條連衣裙多少錢？-Its ninety-nine yuan. -九十九元。5, -How much are these apples? -這些蘋果多少錢？-Theyre thirty-five yuan. -三十五元。IV 詢問時間或日期。1, -What time is it now? -現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)鐘？-Its nine oclock. Its time for English class. -九點(diǎn)。該上英語課了。(-Its eight oclock. Its time to go to bed.) （-八點(diǎn)。該上床睡覺了。）2, -What day is it today? -今天星期幾？-Its Monday. -星期一。(-What do we have on Mondays? （-我們星期一上哪些課？-We have Chinese, English, math ) -語文、英語、數(shù)學(xué)）3, -When is your birthday? -你的生日是什么時候？-Its October 1st, our National Day. -十月一日，國慶節(jié)。4, -When do you do morning exercises? -你們什么時候做早鍛煉？-I usually do morning exercises at 8:30. -我們通常8：30做早鍛煉。V 詢問方位或地方。1, -Where is my toy car? -我的玩具汽車在哪兒？-Its here, under the chair. -在這兒，在椅子下面。2, -Where is the canteen? -餐廳在哪兒？-Its on the first floor. -在一樓。3, -Where are the keys? -鑰匙在哪兒？-Theyre in the door. -在門上。4, -Excuse me. Where is the library, please? -對不起，請問圖書館在哪兒？-Its near the post office. -在郵局附近。5, -Where are you from? -你從哪兒來？-Im from China. -我從中國來。6, -Where does the rain come from? -雨是從哪兒來的？-It comes from the clouds. -它是從云層里來的。VI 詢問想吃的東西。1, -What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner? -你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃點(diǎn)什么？-Id like some bread and milk / rice and soup. -我想吃面包和牛奶/米飯和湯。2, -Whats for breakfast / lunch / dinner? -早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？-Hamburgers and orange juice. -漢堡包和橙汁。VII 詢問天氣狀況。1, -Whats the weather like in Beijing? -北京的天氣如何？-Its rainy today. How about New York? -今天是雨天。紐約呢？-Its sunny and hot. -今天是晴天，天氣很熱。VIII 詢問身體狀況或情緒。1, -How do you feel? -你感覺如何？-I feel sick. -我覺得不舒服。2, -Whats the matter? -怎么了？-My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat. -我的喉嚨疼。3, -How are you, Sarah? You look so sad. -你好嗎，莎拉？你看起來這么傷心。-I failed the math test. -我的數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有通過。IX詢問職業(yè)、身份或人物。1, -Whats your father / mother? -你的父親 / 母親是做什么的？-Hes a doctor. / Shes a teacher. -他是一名醫(yī)生。/ 她是一名教師。2, -What does your mother / father do? -你的母親 / 父親是做什么的？-Shes a TV reporter. / Hes a teacher. He teaches English.-她是一名電視臺記者。/他是一名教師。他教英語。3, -Whos that man / woman? -那位男士 / 女士是誰？-Hes my father. / Shes my mother. -他是我父親。 / 她是我母親。4, -Whos this boy / girl? -那個男孩兒 / 女孩兒是誰？-Hes my brother. / Shes my sister. -他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。5, -Whos your art teacher? -你們的美術(shù)老師是誰？-Miss Wang. -王老師。-Whats she like? -她長什么樣兒？-Shes young and thin. -她很年輕、苗條。X 詢問興趣、喜好。1, -Whats your favourite food / drink? -你最喜歡的食物 / 飲料是什么？-Fish / orange juice. -魚。 / 橙汁。2, -Whats your favourite season? -你最喜歡的季節(jié)是什么？-Winter. -冬天。(-Which season do you like best? （-你最喜歡哪個季節(jié)？ -Winter.) -冬天。）-Why do you like winter? -你為什么喜歡冬天？-Because I can make a snowman. -因?yàn)榭梢远蜒┤恕?, -Whats your hobby? -你的愛好是什么？-I like collecting stamps. -我喜歡集郵。-Whats his hobby? -他的愛好是什么？-He likes riding a bike. -他喜歡騎自行車。4, -Do you like peaches? -你喜歡吃桃子嗎？-Yes, I do. / No, I dont. -喜歡。/ 不喜歡。XI 詢問平時一般或通常做的事情。1, -What do you do on Saturdays / on the weekends? -你星期六 / 周末一般做什么？-I usually do my homework. Sometimes I play football. -我通常做作業(yè)，有時候踢足球。XII 詢問正在做的事情。1, -What are you doing? -你在做什么？-Im doing the dishes. -我在洗盤子。2, -Whats your father doing? -你父親正在做什么？-Hes writing an e-mail. -他正在寫電子郵件。3, -Whats Mike doing? -邁克正在干什么？-Hes watching insects. -他正在觀察昆蟲。4, -Whats the tiger doing? -那只老虎在干什么？-Its running. -它在奔跑。5, -What are the elephants doing? -那些大象在干什么？-Theyre drinking. -它們正在喝水。XIII 詢問將要做的事情。1, -What are you going to do? -你準(zhǔn)備做什么？-Im going to the cinema. -我準(zhǔn)備去看電影。-When are you going to do? -你準(zhǔn)備什么時候去？-This afternoon. -今天下午。2, -Where are you going this afternoon? -今天下午你準(zhǔn)備到哪兒去？-Im going to the bookstore. -我準(zhǔn)備到書店去。-What are you going to buy? -你打算買點(diǎn)兒什么？-Im going to buy a comic book. -我準(zhǔn)備買本漫畫書。時態(tài)：1、一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)一般在這個時態(tài)里會出現(xiàn)always、usually、often、seldom、never。這表是平率。找到這些詞后，再找人稱。如果人是一個人的話（單數(shù)），動詞就加s或es，有時候會去f或fe為v+es，甚至不規(guī)則變化。例如：fish變?yōu)閒ish。如果人是兩個人以上動詞就不變。2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時be動詞=動詞的ing形式。例如：The boy is sing.男孩正在唱歌。因?yàn)橐粋€男孩是單數(shù)所以be動詞用is。The children are playing。孩子們正在玩耍。因?yàn)楹⒆觽兪莾蓚€人以上（children是復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)為child）所以be動詞用are。3、過去時態(tài)找時間，再把動詞改為過去式。動詞的過去式要死記硬背。例如：I ate an apple last night.（昨晚我吃了個蘋果。）4、將來時態(tài)表示將來要做的事情。isare going to+動詞原形?；蛘遷ill +動詞原形。例如：Mary is going to shopping tomorrow.（Mary明天打算去購物。）換一種說法就是Mary will shopping tomorrow.5、過去完成時態(tài)要背過去分詞。havehas been。been代表過去分詞。例如：go-gone （去） eat-eaten（吃） 簡要語法1.人稱代詞主格： I we you she he it they賓格： me us you her him it them形容詞性物主代詞：my our your her his its their名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs2.形容詞和副詞的比較級(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+erolder taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音節(jié)詞前+moremore interesting, etc.(3) 雙寫最后一個字母，再+erbigger fatter, etc.(4) 把y變i，再+erheavier, earlier(5) 不規(guī)則變化：well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式大多數(shù)名詞 + s a book books名詞以y結(jié)尾，變y+ ies， a storystories名詞以 s, sh, ch,x 結(jié)尾+es a glassglasses a watch-watches名詞以o結(jié)尾 +s或+es a pianopianos a mangomangoes名詞以f 或fe 結(jié)尾，去f或fe +ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)bread, rice, water ,juice etc.5. 縮略形式Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he isits = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not 6. a/ana book, a peachan egg an hour7. 介詞:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示時間： at six oclock, at Christmas, at breakfaston Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the evening in December in winter8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞one first two-second three-third twenty-twentieth9. Some /any一般式用some I have some toys in my bedroom.疑問或否定用any Do you have any brothers or sisters?10. be 動詞(1) 基本態(tài): am/are/is(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London. My eyes are(not) small. My hair is(not) long.（3）一般疑問句： Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.11. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句： There is a There are 一般疑問句: Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt. Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.否定句： There isnt . There arent.12. 祈使句Sit down pleaseDont sit down, please.13. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時.通常用“now”.形式： be + 動詞+ingI am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.動詞 ing 的形式大多數(shù)動詞+ing walkwalking動詞以 e結(jié)尾，去e + ing comecoming動詞最后一個字母前是元音，雙寫最后一個字母+ing run running swimswimming14 一般現(xiàn)在時。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。形式：肯定句： I go to school on foot every day.She goes to school on foot every day.一般疑問句:Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.否定句： We dont go to school on Sundays.My mother doesnt like watching TV in the evening.15. (情態(tài))動詞can,must, should 后面直接用動詞原形。1. I / He / She / They can sing.2You should keep quiet in the library.16. 一般過去時態(tài)（a） be 動詞的過去式:I/He/she/it was(not). You/we/they were.一般疑問句was, were 放在句首。（b） 動詞過去式：肯定句： I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo.一般疑問句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didnt.否定句： They didnt go the part yesterday.He didnt make model ships last week.(3)動詞過去式的變化：規(guī)則動詞的變化：大多數(shù)動詞 +ed planted, watered, climbed。動詞以 e結(jié)尾 +d liked。動詞以y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ed studystudied動詞最后一個字母前是元音，雙寫最后一個字母+ing stop -stopped不規(guī)則動詞的變化：is/amwas arewere dodid have/hashad makemade fly-flew（發(fā)音/u:/）eatate taketook runran singsang drinkdrank 17. 以“Wh-”開頭的問句.What are you doing?What colour is it?What time is it? Whats the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Whos the man with a big nose? Whose bag is it?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school every day?What are you doing?What colour is it?What time is it? Whats the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Whos the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school every day?一、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。名詞按其數(shù),可分兩種:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則:1.一般情況下,直接在詞尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens2.以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞,在詞后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y 為i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries4.以f或fe結(jié)尾的,變f或fe為v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5.以o 結(jié)尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,二、形容詞的比較級、最高級。 形容詞有比較級與最高級之分, 單音節(jié)詞的變化規(guī)則:1.一般情況下,直接在詞尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest2.以e結(jié)尾的,加-er或-est, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的, 變y 為i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.4.以重讀閉音節(jié),一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的,雙寫該字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.5.多音節(jié)的詞,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful.6.good-better-best三、時 態(tài) 小 結(jié)時態(tài)定義特征動詞的變化規(guī)則一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作.every day/morning/usually第三人稱單數(shù)的變化情況:1. 一般情況在詞尾直接加-s2. 以ch,sh,s,x或o結(jié)尾的詞加-es3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,將y改成i再加-es現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作.now/ look/ listen現(xiàn)在分詞的變化情況:1. 一般情況在詞尾直接加-ing2. 以e結(jié)尾的詞,去掉e再加-ing3. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫最后一個字母加-ing一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或情況.1yesterday morning/afternoon/evening2.last year/month3.a minute ago/an hour ago4.this morning/afternoon/evening動詞過去式的變化情況:1. 一般情況在詞尾直接加-ed2. 以e結(jié)尾的詞加-d3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,將y改成i再加-ed4. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫最后一個字母加-ed一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的事情1.tomorrow2.the day after tomorrow/3.The next day/Monday4.at the weekend/tonight5.tomorrow night/morning/afternoon主要構(gòu)成be going to/will + 動詞原形 be +形容詞凡是在must, mustnt, can, cant, lets, dont, may，will后的一定要用動詞的原形四、be 動詞,助動詞?，F(xiàn)階段be動詞形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isnt, arent, werent, wasnt助動詞形式有: do, does, did, dont, doesnt, didnt 1. 在英語句子中進(jìn)行變化的時候, 有be動詞的就在be動詞上變化,變 “過去”, “否定”; 否定 過去 否定am-am not(第一人稱 “I” ) am, is - was - wasntis - isnt (第三人稱) are -were - werentare-arent (you和其它人稱)2. 沒有be動詞的就要加助動詞; 否定 過去 過去否定do -dont -did-didntdoes(第三人稱單數(shù))-doesnt -did-didnt五人稱代詞主語物主代詞賓格形容詞性名詞性Imyminemesheherhersherhehishishimititsitsityouyouryoursyouweouroursustheytheirtheirsthem六特殊疑問詞What is this? What is this in English? What is the matter? What is the weather like? What is the country like? What is she/he/ What do you like? What What does he do? What do you have for? What colour? What class? What grade? What time? What day? What do/does/did+?HowHow are you? How old? How many? How much? How long? How do/does/did+?Which +