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1、第十二講狀語從句1狀語從句的引導詞與介詞的用法比較；狀語從句與定語從句引導詞的辨析。2能夠辨別同類狀語從句中近似連接詞的用法差異。3whatever，whenever，wherever等引導詞與no matter wh等引導詞的不同用法。2011年高考對條件狀語從句的考查穩(wěn)中有升。2012年考查的重點仍然是考生容易混淆的近似連詞的用法，試題的結構將越來越復雜，設問的角度將越來越多樣化。1when, while, as的區(qū)別這三個詞都可以用作連接詞，表示時間關系，但有所區(qū)別。 (1)when表示時間關系時，意思常常是“當(在)的時候”。主句和從句中的動作或事情可以同時發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。例如：
2、 When we were at school, we went to the library every day.Ill go when I have had my dinner.The film had begun when we arrived at the cinema.注意：when有哪些通常所在的句型？(2)while 用作連接詞表示時間關系時，意思也是“當(在)的時候”，主句中的動作或事情在從句中的動作或事情的進展過程中發(fā)生。它有時可與when通用，但它只能指一段時間(a period of time)，而不能指一點時間的(a point of time)。如上面第一個例句中的w
3、hen，可以用while代替；而第二個例句中的when，就不能用while代替。例如： Please dont talk so aloud while others are working. While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.While也可表對比。I like reading while he prefers listening to music.諺語：Strike the iron while it is hot.(3)as用作連接詞表示時間關系時，意思也是“當(在)時候”，往往可與when或while
4、通用，但它著重指主句和從句中的動作或事情相并發(fā)生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the bus.As he walked on, he felt himself getting more and more tired.As time passes by, we grow older and learn more.As industry develops,more and more farmland has been taken up.2一些表示時間的名詞短語也可用來引導時間狀語從句the minute, the moment, the instant,
5、 every time, the last time, every time。如：The first time I got to the island, I was amazed by its beauty.The moment I entered the room, I smelled something unusual.Every time I visit him, he is always reading.3directly和immediately也可作為連詞，引導時間狀語從句，意為“一就”，相當于the moment/the instant和as soon as。如：I knew so
6、mething was wrong directly I arrived. The boys did all sorts of mischief immediately my back was turned.4before 和afterbefore 引導的從句的動作通常發(fā)生在主句動作之后，如果從句是過去時，主句一般要用過去完成時或一般過去時。after引導的從句動作通常發(fā)生在主句動作之前，如果主句要用過去時，從句則要用過去完成時或一般過去時。例如：The plane had taken off before he arrived at the airport. After he had liv
7、ed in the south for nearly 20 years, he decided to go to seek his fortune in the north.They arrived at the cinema after the film began.5no sooner.than 和hardly (scarcely). when這兩個連詞詞組都是表示主句與從句動作隨即發(fā)生，意為“一就”。主句動詞用過去完成時。如果no sooner, hardly 或scarcely位于句首，主句要倒裝。例如：No sooner had he entered the house than i
8、t began to rain.He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.6till 和until這兩個詞的用法十分近似，都表示“直到”，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延續(xù)性動詞；在否定句中，主句要用非延續(xù)性動詞，這時until和before同義。例如：They did not go home until they had finished the work. They stayed there.7. It 與before, since, when引導的時間狀語從句連用時的區(qū)別：(1)It is/has been時間段s
9、ince . 自從以來已有多長時間了。(2)It is/was時間點when . when 引導的是一個時間狀語從句，主句中的 it 指時間，表語由具體的時間充當。常譯為“當?shù)臅r候，是”。 (3)It be 時間段 before . it 指時間， 主句中的時態(tài)常是一般將來時或過去時兩種時態(tài)主句中的表語多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示時間段的詞或短語。常譯為“之后”。例如：How long is it since we met last time?It was a lready midnight when I got home.It was not
10、 long before she got married and moved to Japan.1(2011福建)It was April 29, 2011_Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.AthatBwhen Csince Dbefore解析 考查when引導的時間狀語從句。句意“2011年4月29日，威廉王子與凱特米德爾頓步入了婚姻的殿堂。”答案B2(2011上海) If a lot of people say a film is not good,
11、I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait_it comes out on DVD.A. whether B. afterC. though D. until解析 考查時間狀語從句。until與wait等延續(xù)性動詞的肯定形式連用。答案D3(2011江西)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or_it is convenient to you.A. whenever B. howeverC. whichever D. wherever解析 考查從句連接詞。whenever無論何時
12、，however然而 whichever任何一個，wherever 無論哪里。請打電話給我的秘書安排今天下午的會議，或者在任何你方便的時候。關系副詞在后句中充當狀語，根據(jù)語境可知是指時間，選A。答案A4(2011遼寧)He had no s oone r f i ni s he d hi s speech_the students started cheering.A. since B. asC. when D. than解析 考查狀語從句。no sooner.than.為固定搭配。答案D5(2011四川)As it reported, it is 100 years_Qinghua Univ
13、ersity was founded. A. when B. beforeC. after D. since解析 考查固定句型。It is/was時間段since從句，表示“自從以來已經(jīng)有多長時間了”。答案D1(2010重慶)Today，we will begin _we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.AwhenBwhereChow Dwhat解析 考查狀語從句。where在此處引導地點狀語從句。答案B2(2009江蘇)_unemployment and crime are high，it can be assumed
14、that the latter is due to the former.ABefore BWhereCUnless DUntil解析 考查狀語從句。where引導地點狀語從句，表示凡是失業(yè)率與犯罪率高的地方，犯罪都是由失業(yè)引起的。答案B3(2009山東)The little girl who got lost decided to remain_she was and wait for her mother.Awhere BwhatChow Dwho解析 考查狀語從句。句意：這個迷路的小女孩決定待在原地等她媽媽。故應選擇where來引導地點狀語從句，答案為A。答案A 地點狀語從句表示在主句中
15、某一動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的地點或進行的方向，這類從句通常由where, wherever或 everywhere引導，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，wherever的語氣比where語氣更強烈。where指“在某個地方”，wherever指“在任何一個地方”，everywhere指“每一地方”。例如：Bamboo grows well where it has plenty of rain. Sit wherever you like.Make a mark where you have a question.Where there is a will，there is a way.1. (20
16、11山東) He had his camera ready_he saw something that would make a good picture.A. even ifB. if onlyC. in case D. so that 解析 考查狀語從句引導詞。句意“他準備好了相機以防看到可以拍攝的景物。”in case 為“以防；以免”；even if為“即使”；if only 為“如果就好了”；so that “為了，以便”。答案C2. (2010全國卷)The little boy wont go to sleep_his mother tells him a story.Aor B
17、unlessCbut Dwhether解析 考查連詞。根據(jù)句意“除非媽媽給他講一個故事，否則這小男孩是不會入睡的?！笨芍猽nless符合句意。or否則，不然的話；but但是；whether是否。答案B3(2010山東)The school rules state that no child shall be a l l o w e d o u t o f t h e s c h o o l d u r i n g t h e d a y ，_accompanied by an adult.Aonce BwhenCif Dunless解析 考查連詞。句意：學校規(guī)則規(guī)定：除非有大人的陪伴，否則任何
18、孩子白天都不允許外出學校。答案D4(2010江西)Our holiday cost a lot of money.Did it? Well，that doesnt matter_you enjoyed yourselves.Aas long as BunlessCas soon as Dthough解析 考查連詞辨析。由對話語境可知，空格后的一句是空格前一句的前提條件。故A項意思相符。as long as只要。答案A5(2010北京) _they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission proce
19、dures.AAs BWhileCUntil DOnce解析 此題考查狀語從句連詞。once“一旦”。句意：學生一旦決定上哪個大學，他們就應該了解一下入學手續(xù)。答案D條件狀語從句表示主句中某一動作或狀態(tài)是在什么情況或條件下發(fā)生的。1if 和unlessif 表示正面的條件，意為“如果”，unless表示反向的條件，意為“除非，如果不”。例如：If youve got exams tomorrow, why arent you studying？The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains.【專家提醒】條件狀語從句中常用一般時表示將要發(fā)生
20、的動作。2. providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that), as long as, so long as, on condition that 和in case這些連詞(詞組)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在條件下”等意思。例如：All living things respire as long as they live.Supposing (that) you fail a second time, dont get disappointed, but try again.On condition that the li
21、quid is cooled still further, it will turn to a solid.3only if和if onlyonly if 引導的從句用陳述語氣，意為“只要”； if only引導的從句要用虛擬語氣，意為“但愿”，“要是就好了”。例如：only if you have persistence, can you achieve great success.If only I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.1(2011北京)_volleyball is her main fo
22、cus, shes also great at basketball.A. SinceB. OnceC. Unless D. While解析 句意為：雖然排球是她的主要項目，但她還擅長籃球。while“雖然，盡管”。since“自從”；once“一旦”；unless“除非”均不合題意。答案D2(2011四川)Frank insisted that he was not asleep_I had great difficulty in waking him up. A. whether B. althoughC. for D. so解析 考查從屬連詞。although作為連詞引導讓步狀語從句。句
23、意為：盡管我很難叫醒他，但弗蘭克卻堅持說自己沒有睡覺。前后句子表達“雖然但是”的轉折語氣，故選B項。whether作為連詞可接名詞性從句表示“是否”的意思，接讓步狀語從句表示“不管， 無論”，與題意不符；for作為連詞引導原因狀語從句；so作為連詞引導結果狀語從句；均不合題意。答案B3(2011遼寧)No matter how _， it is not necessarily lifeless.A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may beC. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be解析 考查狀語從句。N
24、o matter how引導讓步狀語從句，用陳述語序。答案B4(2010安徽)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities，_they have the interest.Awherever BwheneverCeven if Das if解析 考查連詞的用法。根據(jù)語境可知，“他們有這種興趣”和“他們沒有時間”之間為轉折關系。故用even if“即使”引導讓步狀語從句。答案C5(2011重慶)To show our respect, we usually have to take
25、 our gloves off_we are to shake hands with.Awhichever BwheneverCwhoever Dwherever解析 考查狀語從句的連詞。whoever引導讓步狀語從句，相當于no matter who。答案C1讓步狀語從句可由although，though，as，while，even if(though)，whatever，whether.or.，no matter who (when，what.)等引導。Although/Though she works very hard，(yet) she makes very slow progres
26、s.盡管她學習很努力，但還是進步不快。Whenever Im unhappy(No matter when Im unhappy)，it is my friend who cheers me up.不管什么時候我不高興，總是我的朋友給我鼓勵?！緦＜姨嵝选?1)however引導讓步狀語從句時，與它所修飾的詞一起放在句首。(2)英語不允許在though 或although從句后同時用but。如果要強調前后兩個部分的對比意義，可以在主句前加上yet或still。2as引導的讓步狀語從句的常見的幾種倒裝方式(1)如果從句的謂語部分為“不及物動詞副詞”時，常將從句中的副詞提到從句的句首。Hard as
27、 you may try，you will not succeed.盡管你努力了，你可能不會成功。(2)如果從句的謂語部分為“情態(tài)動詞不及物動詞”，常將這個不及物動詞提到從句的句首。Wait as you may，he will not see you.盡管你等了，他可能不會見你。(3)如果從句的謂語部分是“系動詞單數(shù)名詞”，則常將這個作表語的名詞提前，但這個名詞前面的不定冠詞要省略。Child as he is，he can tell right from wrong.盡管他還是個孩子，他能明辨是非。3while作“盡管”講引導讓步狀語從句時往往放在句首While I understand
28、your viewpoint，I dont agree with you.盡管我明白你的觀點，我不贊成你。1(2011湖南)Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him_he had done something very clever. A .as ifB. in caseC. while D. though解析 考查狀語從句的用法。根據(jù)句意，空格處需要填入“好像，仿佛”。故選A。答案A2(2009天津)I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day，_
29、do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.Aas BwhichCwhen Dthough解析 句意：我像許多住在天津鬧市區(qū)的商人一樣，每天乘坐輕軌到濱海新區(qū)上班。as引導方式狀語從句時意為“正如，就像一樣”。答案A1as 和just as二者都表示“如；猶如，正如”。just as 比as強調的語氣更強。例如：In the early days, people could not count as we do now.在早期日子中，人們不和我們現(xiàn)在一樣能計數(shù)。Most plants need sunlight just as they n
30、eed water.大部植物像它們需要水一樣，也需要陽光。2as if 和as thoughas if 或as though從句可以用陳述語氣，表示可能符合事實的情況；也可以用虛擬語氣，表示不符合事實或與事實相反的情況，意為“好像，仿佛”。例如：It looks as though it is going to rain.天看起來要下雨。He spoke as if he were a philosopher.他說話就像是一位哲學家。(從句動詞與主語謂語同時發(fā)生，從句謂語要用一般過去時)He speaks as if he had been to the moon.他談起話來就好像是去過月球。
31、(從句動作發(fā)生在主句謂語之前，從句謂語要用過去完成時)He speaks as if he would fly to the moon.他談起話來就好像是要飛往月球。(從句動詞發(fā)生在主句謂語之后，從句謂語要用would/could/mightdo)1“ May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum？”“ No, you cant go out_your work is being done.”A. before B. untilC. as D. the moment【易誤分析】容易誤選B，誤認為這是考查 not.until.結構?！久麕熤附颉孔?/p>
32、佳答案選 C。句中的 your work is being done 表明“你正在做作業(yè)”，選 as 表原因。2. “Im going to the post office.” “_youre there, can you get me some stamps？”A. As B. WhileC. Because D. If【易誤分析】容易誤選A?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢高x B。盡管 as 和 while 均可用作從屬連詞引導時間狀語從句，表示“當?shù)臅r候”，但兩者有一個重要區(qū)別，就是這樣用的 as 從句的謂語不能是狀態(tài)動詞。當然，如果 as 不是表示“當?shù)臅r候”，其謂語是完全可以用狀態(tài)動詞的。如：I
33、 went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的 as 表示原因，意為“因為”、“由于”)3. After the war, a new school building was put up_there had once been a theatre. A. that B. whenC. which D. where【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。【名師指津】最佳答案選 D。where 在此引導地點狀語從句，其意為“(在)的地方”。4. The visitor asked to have his picture tak
34、en_ stood the famous tower.A. that B. at whichC. when D. where【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢高x D。此題與上面一題有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，where 均表示“在的地方”，均用以引導地點狀語從句；不同的是，此題還涉及倒裝，即此句的主語是 the famous tower，謂語是 stood，正常語序為 where the famous tower stood，使用倒裝是為了保持句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕。5. They kept trying_they must have known it was ho
35、peless.A. if B. becauseC. when D. where【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。【名師指津】最佳答案選 C。when 在此的意思不是“當?shù)臅r候”，而是“盡管”、“雖然”的意思。又如：He walks when he might take a taxi. 盡管他可以坐出租車，但他卻走路。He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 盡管他本來下次就可以成功的了，但他卻停止努力了。The boy was restless when he should have listened to the t
36、eacher carefully. 這男孩子本來應該專心聽老師講的，但他卻坐立不安。有許多同學只知道 when 表示“當?shù)臅r候”，而不知道它還有其他許多意思，除上面提到的表示“盡管”、“雖然”外，when 還可表示“既然”、“考慮到”。請做下面的試題(答案選D)：Why do you want a new job_youve got such a good one already?A. that B. whereC. which D. when6. He was about to tell me the secret_someone patted him on the shoulder.A.
37、as B. untilC. when D. while 【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢高x C。when 意為“這時(突然)”，主要用于某一動作突然發(fā)生于另一動作正在進行或剛要發(fā)生之時。此時的 when 可以連用副詞 suddenly，也可以不連用它，但值得注意的是，同學們不能單獨用 suddenly 來代替 when。7. The fire went on for quite some time_it was brought under control.A. when B. sinceC. after D. before 【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！久麕熤附?/p>
38、】最佳答案選 D。before 意為“在之前”，句意是“大火在得到控制之前燃燒了相當一段時間”。 8. Mother asked me to take more money_something unexpected should happen.A. in case B. so thatC. in order that D. when【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢高x A。in case 起連詞作用，用以引導狀語從句，主要有兩種意思：一是表示條件，意為“如果”、“萬一”；二是表示“目的”，意為“以防”、“免得”。 9._your composition carefully
39、, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. A. Having checked B. CheckC. If you check D. To check【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，尤其可能誤選A?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢高x C。前面一個分句為條件狀語從句，后面一個分句為主語?，F(xiàn)分析幾個干擾項：選項 A 和 D 均為非謂語動詞，根據(jù)英語語法習慣，非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語應與句子主語一致，而此句的 some spelling mistakes 顯然不能用作 having checked 或 to check 的邏輯主語，故不能選為答案；若選 B，則兩個
40、句子之間缺少必要的連詞，也不對。10. “When did he leave the classroom？” “He left_you turned back to write on the blackboard.”A. the time B. the momentC. until D. since【易誤分析】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！久麕熤附颉孔罴汛鸢高x B。the moment 用作連詞，意為“一就”，相當于 as soon as。類似地，the minute, the instant 也可用作連詞，表示“一就”的意思。1Did you return Freds call?I didnt
41、need to_Ill see him tomorrow.A. thoughB. unlessC. when D. because解析 句意是：“你給Fred回電話了沒有？”“我沒有回電話，因為我明天就會見到他?！彼砸?because引導原因狀語從句。答案D2_well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A. However B. WhateverC. No matter D. Although解析 句意是：不管你準備得有多么好，你在爬山運動中仍需要很大的運氣。從句與主句是轉折關系，要用連
42、接副詞However引導讓步狀語從句，同時作狀語修飾well。答案A3. I used to love that film_I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more.A. once B. whenC. since D. although解析 句意是：當我還是一個小孩子的時候，曾喜歡過那部電影，但是現(xiàn)在我再也沒有那種感覺了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處要用when引導時間狀語從句。once 一旦；一就；since自從以來；既然；although雖然但是。答案B4. Failure is never pleasurable，but it can
43、make a positive contribution to your life_you learn to use it.A. since B. onceC. until D. unless解析 句意是：失敗永遠不是令人愉快的事情。但是，一旦你學會利用它，它就會給你的生活帶來積極的促進作用。根據(jù)題意可知，從句是主句發(fā)生的條件，故用once表示“一旦”。答案B5. That was really a splendid evening. Its years_I enjoyed myself so much. A. when B. thatC. before D. since 解析 句意：這真是一
44、個美好的夜晚，有幾年我沒有玩得這么痛快了。該句使用的是It is時間階段since.句式，意為“自從以來已有某段時間了”。答案D6. Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday_it rains or its very cold.A. since B. ifC. unless D. until解析 句意是：我們這個星期天要去野營，除非下雨或者太冷。從句是主句的反向條件，要用unless引導。答案C7There were some chairs left over_everyone had sat down.A. when B. untilC. that
45、 D. where解析 句意是：當每個人坐下以后，還剩下幾把椅子。根據(jù)題干中兩個動詞時態(tài)的比較可知，“每個人坐下”發(fā)生在“還剩下幾把椅子”之前，所以要用when引導時間狀語從句，表示“在之后”。答案A8I am sure he is up to the job_he should give his mind to it.A. if only B. in caseC. until D. unless解析 句意是：我相信，如果他專心做這項工作，他會勝任的。從句是主句發(fā)生的條件，所以要用if only表示“如果”。答案A9. Doing your homework is a sure way to
46、improve your test scores，and this is especially true_it comes to classroom tests.Abefore BsinceCwhen Dafter解析 句意是：做作業(yè)當然是提高成績的方法，當涉及到隨堂測驗的時候，這尤其正確。此句要用習慣句型when it comes to.表示“當談到的時候”。答案C10_you have passed the driving test, you can drive on your own.A. Now that B. In caseC. If only D. Even though解析 句意
47、是：既然你已通過駕駛測試了，你就可以自己開汽車了。從句是主句的原因。Now that“既然”；In case“萬一”；If only“要是就好了。”；Even though“即使”。答案A11. Losing weight is no easy task. A lot of people who lost weight gain it back over time and end up back_they started.A. where B. thoughC. since D. after解析 句意是：減肥不是一件容易的事。許多已減了肥的人隨著時間的過去又增長了體重，回到了一開始的狀態(tài)。此句
48、要用where引導地點狀語從句，表示“一開始的地方”。答案C12. I dont think Maria will be disappointed at the news, but I will see her_she is.A. as B. as ifC. in case D. even if解析 句意是：我認為Maria不會因為這個消息而感到失望的，但我要去看看她以防她真得會失望。此句要用in case引導目的狀語從句，表示“以防”。答案C13. No matter how many adults use the language，_it isnt passed to the next g
49、eneration, it cannot survive.A. if B. even thoughC. as D. as far as解析 句意是：不管有多少成年人使用一種語言，如果不傳給下一代人，這種語言就不會存在下去。從句是主句發(fā)生的條件，故用if引導。even though“即使”；as“由于”；as far as“至于來說”。答案A14. Talking about his success, the famous scientist said, “ Ive been lucky_there are many people who have helped me.”A. provided
50、that B. now thatC. so that D. in that解析 句意是：談起了他的成功，這位著名科學家說，“我很幸運，有那么多的人幫助了我?！贝司湟胕n that表示“在方面”。答案D15_， she falls behind most of her classmates.A. Hard she works B. She works hardC. Hard does she work D. Hard as she works解析 句意是：她盡管工作努力，但還是落后于她的同學們。as引導讓步狀語從句，要用倒裝語序，Hard提到as前面。答案D16. She was so ang
51、ry that she rushed out into the rain_I could stop her.A. until B. beforeC. after D. as解析 句意是：她是那樣的生氣，以至于我還沒有時間攔住她，她就沖到外面的雨中了。此句要用before引導時間狀語從句，before與could連用，常表示“還沒有來得及”。答案B17Did you remember to give Jenny the video tape?Yes._I saw her. A. So long as B. Any timeC. Whenever D. The moment解析 句意是：“你記得給
52、Jenny錄相帶了沒有？”“給了，我一見到她就給她了?！边@是一個時間狀語從句，The moment表示“一就”。答案D18How are you doing all these years, Jim?Nothing new. Everything is going on_it was years ago.A. as B. whileC. when D. since解析 句意是：“Jim你這些年來還順利吧？”“沒有什么新鮮的事，一切和幾年以前相同?！盿s引導方式狀語從句，表示“像一樣”。答案A19. As long as I can remember, _I called, his wife w
53、ould answer the phone.A. however B. wheneverC. WhateverD. whichever解析 句意是：“就我的記憶能力來說，無論我什么時候打電話，回話的總是他的妻子?！贝司湟脀henever引導時間狀語從句，意為“無論什么時候”。答案B20_kind of package it is, children are curious to open it up to see whats inside.A. However B. No matter where C. Whenever D. No matter what 解析 句意是：無論是什么樣的包裹，孩子們總是好奇地打開，看一看里面是什么。從句是讓步狀語從句，用No matter what引導，因為what為形容詞，所以它修飾名詞kind。However是副詞，不能修飾名詞。答案D
陜西省某二中高中英語 狀語從句（2）課件
