2022年高中英語(yǔ) Unit1 Living well Grammar導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版選修7

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1、2022年高中英語(yǔ) Unit1 Living well Grammar導(dǎo)學(xué)案 新人教版選修7 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法； 預(yù)習(xí)案 語(yǔ)法感知： 動(dòng)詞不定式的用法； 讀下列句子，判斷動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中句子成分； 1. It is right to give up smoking.( ) 2. He wanted to go .( ) 3. I find it very interesting to study English.( ) 4. He asked me to do the work with him.( ) 5. The farmers

2、thought of ways to protect their crops.( ) 6. We turned the lights off not to waste electricity.( ) 7. He hurried to the school, only to find nobody there.( ) 8. My job is to help the patients.( ) 9. To tell the truth, I don`t agree with you.( ) 探究案 Ⅰ.動(dòng)詞不定式的形式； 一般式：to do/

3、 to be done (表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或是在它之后發(fā)生） I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 進(jìn)行式：to be doing （不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生） I am very glad to be working with you. 完成式：to have done/to have been done （不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生） I`m very sorry to have kept you waiting. Ⅱ.動(dòng)詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)； 1. 帶

4、to的動(dòng)詞不定式；有些動(dòng)詞能直接跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式；如：ask,tell, hop,decide,want,forget.,stop等。 2. 不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式； 1） 在feel,hear,listen to,let,make,have, see,,look at,watch, notice.observe等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不帶to。 I often hear him sing the song. 2） 在would rather(would sooner,had rather, had sooner)----than,rather than等結(jié)構(gòu)中th

5、an之后用不帶to的不定式 I would rather go than stay. 3） 在why do sth? Why not do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中不帶to Why not do it right now? 4） 在cannot but,cannot choose but,cannot help but之后的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to. I cannot but admire his courage.我只有佩服他的勇氣。 5） 動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞but,except,besides后面是，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么這些介詞后的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to,否則要帶to S

6、he could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to accept the fact. 6） had better 后跟省略to的不定式。 You had better go home now. Ⅲ.動(dòng)詞不定式在句中的作用 動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。 1．作主語(yǔ)： ①To do morning exercises is useful for our health. ②To know something about English is one thing; to know English

7、is quite another. 2．作賓語(yǔ)： 1)及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))agree, want, wish, hope, refuse, manage, ask, offer, promise, pretend, decide, learn, determine, expect, beg, choose, force, intend, attempt, care, fail, hesitate, claim, long(v.), strive, plan, prepare, would like(love, prefer)等后面要求接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。 ①She had agreed to

8、 go and see a movie with him. ②They walked because they couldn't afford to take a taxi. 2)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，若其后跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則往往用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)移至句末，以使句子重心后移，即構(gòu)成句型“主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋it＋賓補(bǔ)(形容詞或名詞)＋動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))＋其它成分”。能用于這種句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：think, feel, imagine, consider等。 ①I(mǎi) thought it impossible to arrive there in half an hour

9、. ②I feel it my duty to say that you are wrong. 3)動(dòng)詞不定式一般不用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，但是介詞(短語(yǔ))but, except, besides, instead of等后面可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。 ①The prisoner had no choice but to obey. ②Nothing remained for us to do, except to clean the dishes. 除了洗盤(pán)子，我們沒(méi)有什么事可干。 3．作賓補(bǔ)： ①They told him not to be late again. ②The par

10、ents don't allow their children to go out at night. (1)在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at等動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，不定式要省略to；變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，to不能省略，此時(shí)不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 ①They were made to work day and night. ②The boy was seen to enter the room. (2)有些動(dòng)詞如think, consider, believe, kn

11、ow, find, expect等用“to be＋形容詞或名詞”作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，to be有時(shí)可省略。 ①We consider you(to be)the best man for the job. ②He thought the answer(to be)interesting.。 4．作表語(yǔ)： ①Your job today is to clean the playground.你今天的工作是打掃操場(chǎng)。 ②Her wish is to go to a medical college.她的愿望是上醫(yī)學(xué)院。 5．作定語(yǔ)： ①Let us give him something to

12、 eat.讓我們給他一些東西吃。 ②We have much homework to do tonight.今晚我們有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。 1)動(dòng)詞不定式常常放在名詞或不定代詞的后面作后置定語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)往往是句子的主語(yǔ)，故動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)往往用主動(dòng)式；如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)，該動(dòng)詞不定式要用被動(dòng)式。 ①Do you have anything to do tonight? (2)不定式作定語(yǔ)，往往表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，則必須帶有適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 ①She is a very nice person to work w

13、ith. ②You must find a place for us to live in before dark. 6．作狀語(yǔ)： (1)作目的狀語(yǔ)。通常放在句末；為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的或意義，也可放在句首。 They took me away from my work just to ask me some questions. (2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。有時(shí)采用enough to, so...as to或too...to這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)。 ①What has he done to make you so happy? (3)作原因狀語(yǔ)。常用于“主語(yǔ)＋be＋某些形容詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 ①There

14、 is no doubt that Mrs. Li will be glad to look after the boy. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，李太太將很高興照料這個(gè)小 訓(xùn)練案 單項(xiàng)填空 1．With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank________presents for my dad. A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．to have bought 2． I have a lot of readings________befor

15、e the end of this term. A．pleting B．to plete C．pleted D．being pleted 3.That is the only way we can imagine________the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A．reducing B．to reduce C．reduced D．reduce 4. We were astonished________the temple still in its original

16、 condition. A．finding B．to find C．find D．to be found 5.—It's no use having ideas only. —Don't worry. Peter can show you________to turn an idea into an act. A．how B．who C．what D．where 6.In many people's opinion, that pany, though relatively small, is pleasant___

17、_____. A．to deal with B．dealing with C．to be dealt with D．dealt with 7.My parents have always made me________about myself, even when I was 12. A．feeling well B．feeling goodC．feel well D．feel good 8.There is nothing more I can try________you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A．being

18、 persuade B．persuading C．to be persuaded D．to persuade 9．Energy drinks are not allowed________in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. A．to make B．to be made C．to have been made D．to be making 10.The first one________can get the teacher's present. A．a(chǎn)rrives B．a(chǎn)rrived C．a(chǎn)rriving

19、 D．to arrive 11．—Would you like to know something about my foreign teacher? —Oh, I remember________about her yesterday. A．telling B．being told C．to tell D．having told 12．My puter is out of order and________. A．wants to repair B．needs to be repaired C．needs to be repairing D．requires b

20、eing repaired 13．He could do nothing but________for his mother at the bus stop. A．to wait B．waiting C．waited D．wait 14．—I'm sorry, but I didn't mean________out your secret. —But you know, letting out one's secret means________one's feelings. A．to let; to hurt B．letting; hurtingC．to let; hurting D．letting; to hurt