山東省新泰市第二中學(xué)高中英語(yǔ) Unit 1 《 A land of diversity》單詞 新人教版選修8

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1、山東省新泰市第二中學(xué)英語(yǔ)選修8Unit 1 《 A land of diversity》單詞 核心單詞 1. distinction n. 差別；區(qū)分；卓著 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： make a distinction between 對(duì)……加以區(qū)分 win a distinction for 因……而獲功勛 without distinction 無(wú)差別地；一視同仁地 聯(lián)想拓展 distinct adj. 清晰的；明顯的；明確的 be distinct in ...from ... 在某方面與……不同 （as）distinct from .

2、.. 與……不同（的） He has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明顯的繪畫天賦。 You should make your writing distinct. 你應(yīng)該把字寫清楚。



2. means n. 手段；方法（單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同） 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： by means of 用……辦法；借助…… by all means 一定，務(wù)必；好的，當(dāng)然可以 by no means 決不，一點(diǎn)也不（位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝） by every means 用盡一切可能的辦法 易混辨析 means/w

3、ay/method means指“方法、方式、工具”，著重于具體的手段（單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同）。 way指“一般的方法、方式或個(gè)人的特殊方法、方式”，與技巧或效果的好壞無(wú)關(guān)。 method指“有系統(tǒng)的、有效率的精心擬定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“條理”。 a way to do sth.／a way of doing sth./a method of doing sth. 做……的方法 in this way/with the method/by this means 用這種／些方法 by the way 順便問一下 on one’ s way to ... 在去……的路上 in t

4、he way 擋住路 溫馨提示 means作主語(yǔ)且有every, each等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；有some, several, many, few等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Radio and television are important means of communication. 無(wú)線電和電視是重要的通信手段。 Please find an alternative means of transport. 請(qǐng)另外找一種運(yùn)輸方式。 Every means has been tried. 每種方法都試過了。 All means have been tried. 所有方法

5、都試過了。 She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不會(huì)說話，但她用手勢(shì)表達(dá)了她的愿望。 高手過招 (1)單項(xiàng)填空 —May I have a look at your book? — . （2020·01·江蘇南京檢測(cè)） A. By this means B. By all means C. By this way D. By any means （2）翻

6、譯句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①這絕非解決問題的良計(jì)。 ②他借助一根繩子慢慢地下來了。

3. majority n. 大多數(shù)；大半 A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. 大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為吸煙對(duì)健康極為有害。 The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多數(shù)人贊成這個(gè)建議。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： be in the/

7、a majority 構(gòu)成大部分/大多數(shù) a majority over sb. 超過對(duì)方的票數(shù) 聯(lián)想拓展 major adj.&n. 較大的；主要的；主修，專攻 minority adj.&n. 少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族；未成年 高手過招 (1)單項(xiàng)填空 Every means been tried and all well now. A. have; go B. has; go C. has; goes

8、 D. have; goes （2）完成句子 （原創(chuàng)） English speakers form the (大多數(shù)) of the population. (3)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 ①Among the members of the committee those who favour the changes are the majority. ②They had a large majority t

9、he other party at the last election. (4)用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①The majority of people (prefer) peace to war. ②The majority of the damage (be) easy to repair. 4. occur vi. 發(fā)生；存在；出現(xiàn) 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： occur to (主意或想法突然)浮現(xiàn)于腦中;被想起，被想到 it occurs to sb. to do sth. 使某人想到做某事 it occurs to sb. t

10、hat ... 某人想到…… Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那時(shí)我想起了一個(gè)主意。 It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.我突然想到我把傘忘在樓上了。 易混辨析 happen/occur/take place happen是一般用語(yǔ)，尤其指偶然發(fā)生，表示“碰巧、恰好”的意思。 occur 文言意味較濃,常指某特定事物的發(fā)生，也可以表示某種想法出現(xiàn)在人的頭腦中。 take place 指事先計(jì)劃或預(yù)料到的“發(fā)生”，此外還有“舉行”的意思。 New

11、things are happening all around us. 新事物在我們周圍不斷發(fā)生。 The explosion occurred at 5:30 a.m. 爆炸發(fā)生在早上5點(diǎn)30分。 When will the basketball game take place? 籃球賽何時(shí)舉行？ 高手過招 單項(xiàng)填空 It suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter. （2020·01·安徽合肥檢測(cè)） Happened

12、 B. occurred C. thought D. took place 解析：選B。由空格后的to可知，選B。occur to 一個(gè)想法突然呈現(xiàn)……。 5. indicate vt. 指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示 I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.我問他我姐姐在哪，他指了指對(duì)面的商店。 Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.研究顯示男人比女人更容易戒

13、煙。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： indicate sth. (to sb.) 向（某人）表示某事；把……指給（某人）看 indicate that ...表示……；示意…… 聯(lián)想拓展 indication n. 指出；表明 indicative adj.指示的；暗示的 高手過招 完成句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①The government has (表明) that it intends to cut taxes. ②A flashing red light

14、 (標(biāo)示) that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs. ③There is every (表明) of a change in the weather. 答案： ①indicated ② indicated ③indication 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 6. live on 繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存 She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死后她繼續(xù)活了許多年。 聯(lián)想拓展 live on sth. 以某物為食；靠某種經(jīng)濟(jì)來源生活 li

15、ve by doing sth. 靠做某事為生 live for sth. 以某事物為生活目標(biāo) live through sth. 經(jīng)歷某事物而幸存 live up to sth. 依照某事物行事；表現(xiàn)出符合某事物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) live with sth. 接受或容忍某現(xiàn)象 live to be... = live to the age of... 活到……歲 live a... life 過著……的生活 高手過招 用live的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空 （原創(chuàng)） ①The lonely old man

16、 charity. ②Mozart was dead but his music . ③My grandfather both world wars. ④We should work hard and try to our parents’ expectations. ⑤The brave girl is learning to her disability. 答案：①

17、lives on ② lives on ③ lived through ④ live up to ⑤ live with 7. team up with （與某人）一起工作（尤指為共同目標(biāo)）；與……合作 The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.那兩個(gè)公司已合作研制新型賽車。 高手過招 完成句子 （原創(chuàng)） He

18、 (與某人一起合作) his brother in the doubles. 答案： teamed/teams up with 8. mark out 劃線；標(biāo)出……的界線 They marked out the tennis court with white paint. 他們用白漆標(biāo)出了網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)的界線。 Some of the best pupils have been marked out for special training.已經(jīng)選出幾名出色的學(xué)生進(jìn)行專門訓(xùn)練。 聯(lián)想拓展 mark sb. out for sth. 選出/選定某人做某

19、事 mark down 寫下，記下；降低……的價(jià)格 mark up 標(biāo)出；提高……的價(jià)格 mark in 加畫；繪入 mark out for 看中；選定 Just a moment. Let me mark down your name and address.等一下，讓我把你的姓名和地址記下來。 Some shops marked up the goods unf

20、airly. 有幾家商店的貨價(jià)提高得不合理。 He marked the book down to 49 cents. 他把書的標(biāo)價(jià)降為49分。 高手過招 翻譯句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①他被選定擔(dān)當(dāng)更高的職位。 ②我把那一點(diǎn)記在我的筆記本上。 答案：①He was marked out for a higher position. ②I marked that down in my notebook.

9. take in 包括；吸收；接納；欺騙 The

21、 students find it easy to take in what you teach. 學(xué)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)你講課很容易理解。 He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他沒地方可以睡覺，于是我們就提出讓他留宿。 聯(lián)想拓展 take apart 拆開；剖析，抨擊(論點(diǎn)等) take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；記下 take back 取回，帶回；收回說過的話；使……回憶 起昔日 take care of

22、 照料；保管 take up 開始從事；占用(時(shí)間或空間)；著手處理 take medicine 服藥 take it easy 別緊張，慢慢來 take over 繼承；接收，接管 take off 脫下(衣服等)；起飛 take on 承擔(dān)，從事；呈現(xiàn) take one s place 入座；代替某人的位置 take one s time 不急，慢慢干 高手過招 用take的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空

23、 （原創(chuàng)） ①Don’ t be by his promises. ②Who do you think will now that the governor has been dismissed? ③These boxes of yours are too much space. ④I was really when seeing old photos. ⑤Dear

24、ladies and gentlemen，please now .The opera is soon to begin. ⑥Tom carefully what the teacher said. 答案： ①taken in ②take over ③taking up ④taken back ⑤take your place ⑥took down 重點(diǎn)句型 10. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know a

25、s California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具體是在什么時(shí)候來到我們現(xiàn)在了解的加利福尼亞地區(qū)的，誰(shuí)也說不清楚。 what we now know as California是一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，作arrive in的賓語(yǔ), what是復(fù)合關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于the thing(s) that。因此，在名詞性從句中可以用the thing(s) that取代的，只能用what。 聯(lián)想拓展 ①名詞性從句中what與that的區(qū)別：that在名詞性從句中不作句子成分，what必須作句子成分。 ②名詞性從句中what與which的區(qū)別：指代前文已經(jīng)

26、提到過的對(duì)象或范圍時(shí)，用which，否則用what。 What he said sounds reasonable. 他說的聽起來有道理。(what作said的賓語(yǔ)) That our team has won the game has been proved. 已經(jīng)證實(shí)我們隊(duì)贏得了比賽。 (that在主語(yǔ)從句中不作句子成分) There are many books available. I don t know which to read.有許多書可供閱讀，但我不知道讀哪一本。 (which指的是前文提到的books中的一本) What book do you want

27、to buy? 你想買哪種書？(沒有提及買什么書或哪一類書) 高手過招 選詞填空（that/what） （原創(chuàng)） ①This is he wanted. ②This is the thing he wanted. ③She is no longer she used to be. ④She is no longer the person she used to be. 答案： ①what ②that ③w

28、hat ④that apparent adj.易看見的，可看見的；顯然的，明明白白的；貌似的，表面的；顯見 apparently adv.顯然地；表面上；似乎；顯而易見 1. It is apparent that the witness is lying. 很明顯證人在撒謊。 2. The defeat of the revolution is only apparent. 打敗革命是唯一明顯的。 把下列短語(yǔ)填入每個(gè)句子的空白處（注意所填短語(yǔ)的形式變化）： by means of? make a life? occur to? team up with??? mar

29、k out? take in? a great/good many??? 1 Our trip __________ a visit to the old temple built in the Ming Dynasty. 2 It never __________ me to ask him for help. 3 I got to know Jack years ago and now we __________ each other quite well. 4 Thoughts are expressed ___________ words. 5 ___________ wo

30、rkers joined in the general strike last week. They wanted higher wages. 6 The old man used to ___________ by selling newspapers. 7 We _________ a tennis court on the lawn. Unit 1 一 第一組：1 apparent? 2 nationalities? 3 Strait? 4 slip? 5 racial? 6 slavery? 7 bakery? 8 applicants? 9 majority? 10 ferr

31、ied? 11 hired? 12 seagull 第二組：13 socialist? 14 immigration? 15 Insert? 16 cattle? 17 percentage? 18 react? 19 indicates? 20 aircraft? 21 means? 22 swap? 23 mixture? 24 luggage 二 1 takes in? 2 occurs to? 3 team up with? 4 by means of? 5 A good many? 6 make a life? 7 marked out 單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要

32、點(diǎn)） 詞匯 部分 詞語(yǔ) 辨析 1. means / way / method 2. percent / percentage 3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear 4. hire / employ / rent 詞形 變化 1. elect vt.選舉，推舉；選擇vi. 進(jìn)行選舉，作出選擇 election n.選舉，推舉，當(dāng)選 elective adj.可任意選擇的n.選修科目 2. immigrate vi. 移入 immigration n. 移民入境 immigrant n.移民，僑

33、民 3. race n.賽跑；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；人種 v. 參賽 racial adj. 人種的，種族的 racism n. 種族歧視，種族偏見；種族主義 4. apparent adj. 顯然的，明白的，表面上的 apparently adv. 顯然，表面上地 5. punishment n. 罰，刑罰 punish vt. 懲罰，處罰 重點(diǎn) 單詞 1. majority n. 大多數(shù)；大半 2. applicant n. 申請(qǐng)人 3. occur vi. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在 4. indicate vt. 指出；標(biāo)示；表明 5. slip vi. 滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤

34、 n. 滑倒；小過失；失誤 6. insert vt.插入，嵌入 重點(diǎn) 詞組 1. live on 繼續(xù)生活或存在 2. make a life 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等 3. keep up堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲古老的風(fēng)俗﹑ 傳統(tǒng)等；使某人不能去睡覺 4. team up with（與某人）一起工作（尤指為一共同目標(biāo)）；合作 5. mark out 劃線標(biāo)出……界線 6. take in 包括；吸收；接納；欺騙 7. a great/good many 相當(dāng)多，很多 重點(diǎn)句子 1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法 名詞性從句（見語(yǔ)法部分）