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Unit4 lesson One Population Problems
一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):
幫助學(xué)生分析引起某事或某種現(xiàn)象的原因以及如何解決；
幫助學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)討論人口問(wèn)題并發(fā)表看法；
(一)基礎(chǔ)目標(biāo):
1. 詞匯練習(xí)及重要短語(yǔ)的正確使用
2. 語(yǔ)法練習(xí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
（二）發(fā)展目標(biāo)：
1．結(jié)合課文內(nèi)容復(fù)習(xí)以前所學(xué)知識(shí)，
2．能正確使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)和一些常用句型。
3．能用學(xué)過(guò)知識(shí)能完成書(shū)面表達(dá).
（三）能力目標(biāo)：
能對(duì)人口問(wèn)題發(fā)表個(gè)人看法。
二
2、、教學(xué)資源:
Students’ book page 102-111
三、教學(xué)時(shí)間：4課時(shí)(每課時(shí)35~40分鐘)
Pre-task Preparation
Contents:
①Warming –up
②Revision
Task procedure
(1).Look at the graph and complete the sentences. Let the students do it by themselves on their books，and ask one to show his answers to the class. The answe
3、rs are：
1.It shows the population growth.
2.Yes, it is.
3.It’s 6.4 billion.
4.They are faced with the problem of overcrowding, population growth, aging population.
5.It should control the birthrate.
(2). Read the text, then fill in the blanks. Let students do it by themselves and the teacher
4、moves around the classroom，give them the necessary help. Check the answers：
1.Before 1990.
2.Before 2005.
3.Collecting enough information.
4.The past perfect tense.
3. GRAMMAR
a. Read the sentences on the book. Then tell the students we are going to learn the the past perfect tense, then answ
5、er the questions on the book.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。
它表示句子中描述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。
具體如下：
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本用法
（1）表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”?？梢杂胋y, before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示，還可能通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。例如：
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the
spaceship.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200
6、張飛船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片。
（2）表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for, since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally
came.當(dāng)車(chē)來(lái)的時(shí)候，我在車(chē)站已等了20分鐘。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他說(shuō)自從1949年以來(lái)他就在那家工廠工作。
（3）敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情后，反過(guò)來(lái)追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：
Mr.
7、Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of
mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my
lesson.我對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無(wú)所知，因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。
（4）在含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過(guò)去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：
I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已歸還了我借的書(shū)。
She found the key th
8、at she had lost.她丟失的鑰匙找到了。
（5）過(guò)去完成時(shí)常常用在賓語(yǔ)從句（或間接引語(yǔ)）中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前。例如：
He said that he had known her well.他說(shuō)他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
（6）在包含有when, until等連詞的復(fù)合句中，如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的過(guò)去動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示。例如：
When I woke up, it ha
9、d already stopped raining.我醒來(lái)時(shí)雨已停了。
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺(jué)。
注意：如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時(shí)可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his
English.馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語(yǔ)
10、水平。
（7）動(dòng)詞think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。例如：
They had wanted to help but could not get there in
time.他們本來(lái)打算去幫忙，但沒(méi)有及時(shí)趕到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我們本來(lái)希望能來(lái)看看你。
（8）過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) t
11、ime (that)…等固定句型中。例如：
Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted
him.他剛開(kāi)始演講，聽(tīng)眾就打斷了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他剛到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。
b. Do some exercises and then check the answers in class,
12、 find what the difficulties are.
4. Reading
Read the passage and choose the best answers.
Tell the students to read the passage carefully，and think it over，then complete it. First ask the students talk about his or her answers with classmates.
5. Listening
Listen and choose the
13、best response to what you hear. First listen only, then do it the second time.
四、Homework：
write a composition about the population problems.
五、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)：
Unit4 lesson One Population Problems
They are faced with the problem of overcrowding, population growth, aging population.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本用法
（1）表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”?？梢杂胋y, before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示，還可能通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。
六、教學(xué)反思：
通過(guò)學(xué)生們的完成習(xí)題情況，可以看出對(duì)本課知識(shí)掌握的較好。
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【金識(shí)源】八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) Unit 4 Lesson 1 Population Problems教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)2 上海新世紀(jì)版
