高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解詞義猜測題專練三指代猜測類

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1、閱讀理解詞義猜測題專練(三)　指代猜測類 A (2017·黃岡檢測) On Christmas Day, 2003, a woman named Nancy Sue Brown took her daughter and grandchildren to see a movie at an AMC theater. When the movie was over, the crowd made for the exits. A theater employee had just finished mopping the hallway and dutifully placed the “

2、wet floor” sign in the slippery area. No one slipped due to the wet conditions, but someone did manage to knock over the sign. And by the time Ms. Brown got to the area, the sign was lying on the floor. And shortly thereafter, so was she. Her foot got caught in the sign, in a bad way, and she fell.

3、Unfortunately Ms. Brown had undergone a back operation, and the fall caused more damage than it otherwise would have. So she and her husband sued (提起訴訟)． AMC argued that the entire point of the “wet floor” sign above was to warn of danger, and therefore, courts should encourage the use by not allow

4、ing Brown's case to proceed (繼續(xù)進行). AMC referred to a case about a December, 1998 incident, where a “wet floor” sign, not in use, fell to the floor causing another trip-and-fall. In that case, Georgia's Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the store, but didn't go so far as to say that “wet floor” sig

5、ns couldn't give rise to legal liability (責(zé)任) in trip-and-fall accidents. In the Brown case, the Supreme Court therefore rejected AMC's argument that the former case applied. But the Browns argued something surprising that the “wet floor” sign was, itself, dangerous, because “using this type of s

6、ign in areas passed by lots of customers creates an unreasonable risk of foreseeable harm to the public in the form of tripping hazards (危險)．” That's right — the safety sign, used in the way it was designed, was itself dangerous. The court thankfully didn't accept that argument, at least not entire

7、ly. But it did conclude that Brown's case could continue to a jury (陪審團) —“a merchant's selection and use of equipment designed to warn customers of one danger that has the potential to expose them to a different one”． 體裁：議論文　題材：社會現(xiàn)象　主題：“小心地滑”指示牌引發(fā)的安全事件 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文主要介紹了布朗夫人在美國一家AMC影院看完電影離開時，被“小心地滑”的

8、指示牌絆倒受傷后，向法院提起訴訟的原因以及法院的審判結(jié)果。 1．According to the text, Ms. Brown ________. A．slipped on the wet floor B．tripped over a warning sign C．knocked over warning sign D．was knocked down by the crowd 解析：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的．.. Ms. Brown got to the area, the sign was lying on the floor. And shortly the

9、reafter, so was she. Her foot got caught in the sign, in a bad way, and she fell.可知，布朗夫人被“小心地滑”的指示牌絆倒了。B項中的tripped over意為“被絆倒”，與文章表述相符，故選B項。C項中的knocked over意為“打翻；撞倒”，不符合文意。 2．AMC mentioned the 1998 case in order to ________. A．a(chǎn)ccept its legal liability for Ms. Brown's loss B．prove Ms. Brown had

10、some physical problems C．stress that it had no legal liability for the accident D．prove other customers were responsible for the accident 解析：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句AMC argued that... encourage the use by not allowing Brown's case to proceed.可知，AMC影院認為布朗夫人的控訴不成立，法院應(yīng)該鼓勵使用這樣的警示牌，接著第二句AMC影院舉出1998年的案例來支持自己

11、的觀點。由此可推測，AMC影院提到這一案例是為了強調(diào)自己不應(yīng)該承擔(dān)本次事故的責(zé)任。故選C項。 3．What can we learn about the Brown's case from the last paragraph? A．It would be judged by jury. B．It would not be allowed to proceed. C．The court would rule in favor of AMC. D．The court accepted all the arguments of the Browns. 解析：A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后

12、一段中的But it did conclude that Brown's case could continue to a jury...可知，法院申請陪審團來審理此案。故選A項。 4．The underlined word “one” in the last paragraph refers to “________”． A．danger B．customer C．business owner D．equipment in public places 解析：A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句可知，一個商人選擇和使用某一種設(shè)備來警示顧客某種危險，而這種設(shè)備本身就可能將顧客置于

13、另一種危險中。由此可猜測，one指代上文中的danger。故選A項。 長難句分析：But it did conclude that Brown's case could continue to a jury —“a merchant's selection and use of equipment designed to warn customers of one danger that has the potential to expose them to a different one”． 句式分析：did在此處起強調(diào)作用，強調(diào)謂語動詞conclude; that Brown's c

14、ase could continue to a jury為賓語從句，作conclude的賓語；designed to warn customers of one danger為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾equipment；that has the potential to expose them to a different one為定語從句，修飾的也是equipment。 句意：但是法院確實給出了結(jié)論：布朗事件的最后裁定交由陪審團——“一個商人選擇和使用某一種設(shè)備來警示顧客某種危險，而這種設(shè)備本身就可能將顧客置于另一種危險中”。 B (2017·山東部分重點中學(xué)第一次調(diào)研) Mus

15、ic icon Bob Dylan will not attend the Nobel ceremony in December because he has other commitments, the Swedish Academy said on Wednesday. “The Swedish Academy received a personal letter from Bob Dylan yesterday where he explained that he could not make himself available in December...，” it said in

16、a statement. “He wishes that he could accept the award personally, but other commitments make it unfortunately impossible. He underlined that he felt incredibly honored by the Nobel Prize，” it added. The Swedish Academy said it respected Dylan's decision, but that it was “unusual” for a Nobel laure

17、ate not to come to Stockholm to accept the award in person. Nobel laureates are honored every year on December 10 — the death anniversary of the prize's founder Alfred Nobel, a Swedish industrialist, inventor and philanthropist. Several other literature prize winners have skipped the Nobel ceremony

18、 in the past for various reasons — British writer Doris Lessing on grounds of ill health, British playwright Harold Pinter because he was hospitalized and Austrian playwright and novelist Elfriede Jelinek due to social phobia. “We look forward to Bob Dylan's Nobel lecture, which he must carry out —

19、 it is the only requirement — within six months starting from December 10,2016，” the academy said. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了2016年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的獲得者Bob Dylan缺席頒獎儀式的故事。 【難句分析】　“The Swedish Academy received a personal letter from Bob Dylan yesterday where he explained that he could not make himself available in Decembe

20、r...，” it said in a statement. 分析：本句是一個復(fù)合句。where引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點狀語，修飾先行詞a personal letter；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中不作句子成分。 譯文：瑞典文學(xué)院在一項聲明中提到，他們昨天收到了Bob Dylan的一封個人信件。Bob Dylan在信件里解釋說他不能參加12月份的諾貝爾獎頒獎儀式。 5．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．receiving a personal letter B．expressing hi

21、mself in a statement C．feeling honored by the award D．a(chǎn)ccepting the award personally 解析：D　考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第三段的“He wishes that he could accept the award personally”可推知，此處的it代指的是親自去領(lǐng)獎。 6．What is the Swedish Academy's attitude towards Bob Dylan's decision? A．supportive　 B．opposite C．indifferent D．tole

22、rant 解析：D　考查觀點態(tài)度。根據(jù)第三段的“The Swedish Academy said it respected Dylan's decision, but that it was ‘unusual’ for a Nobel laureate not to come to Stockholm to accept the award in person”可知，瑞典文學(xué)院對Dylan的缺席表示尊重。 干擾項分析：A項意為“支持的”，B項意為“相反的”，C項意為“漠不關(guān)心”，均與文章中瑞典文學(xué)院對Dylan缺席領(lǐng)獎的態(tài)度不符，故排除。 7．What is the best title

23、 of the passage? A．The Nobel Prize Goes to Music Icon Bob Dylan B．Laureate Bob Dylan Will Be Absent for the Nobel Ceremony C．Bob Dylan — a Music Icon Who Won the Nobel Prize D．A Great Anniversary Event — the Nobel Ceremony 解析：B　考查標(biāo)題判斷。根據(jù)第一段“Music icon Bob Dylan will not attend the Nobel ceremon

24、y in December because he has other commitments, the Swedish Academy said on Wednesday”可推知，本文是一篇新聞報道，主要介紹了2016年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎獲得者Bob Dylan缺席頒獎儀式的事件。 8．According to the passage, which of the following is true? A．Bob Dylan informed the Swedish Academy of his absence by telephone. B．The Nobel ceremony is in m

25、emory of the birth of the prize's founder. C．Elfriede skipped the Nobel ceremony because of physical illness. D．According to the Swedish Academy, the deadline of Dylan's lecture is June 10,2017. 解析：D　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段“‘We look forward to Bob Dylan's Nobel lecture, which he must carry out — it is the

26、only requirement — within six months starting from December 10,2016，’ the academy said”可知，Bob Dylan演講的最后期限是2017年6月10號。 干擾項分析：根據(jù)第二段的“The Swedish Academy received a personal letter from Bob Dylan yesterday”可知，Bob Dylan是通過信件來告知瑞典文學(xué)院自己將缺席頒獎儀式的，而不是電話；根據(jù)第三段的“Nobel laureates are honored every year on Dece

27、mber 10 — the death anniversary of the prize's founder Alfred Nobel”可知，諾貝爾獎頒獎儀式的舉行日是Alfred Nobel逝世的日子，而不是誕辰；根據(jù)第四段的“Austrian playwright and novelist Elfriede Jelinek due to social phobia”可知，Elfriede Jelinek缺席是因為社交恐懼癥，這是一種精神疾病，而不是身體疾病。 C (2017·云南高三年級八校跨區(qū)調(diào)研考試) Spider (蜘蛛) webs have something in comm

28、on with guitar strings. The long, thin strings on a guitar can vibrate (振動). They move back and forth, or from side to side. So do webs made by spiders. The lines of silk they produce can carry vibrations. This movement gives the small creature information about what landed on the web. Spiders have

29、 eight legs and usually eight eyes. The animals build webs with their own soft, naturally-made silk. And much like playing the strings of a guitar, a spider can send out vibrations across its web over many different frequencies (頻率). Spiders catch their food, usually insects in their webs. They make

30、 small movements, which spread across their webs. The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web — maybe a possible mate, or something tasty to eat. Vibrations are not just used to spot what is for dinner. They are also important in courtship (求愛), so lots of males will

31、actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females can use to determine not only that they're a male, but they're the right species, and whether they might want to mate with them as well. Spiders make their own vibrations to find out the condition of the webs. By controlling

32、the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them when they hang out in the middle of the web. Spiders have a special ability to shape the physical nature of their self-made materials and creations. Scientists think that spider silk may have changed over

33、time for this purpose. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文介紹了蜘蛛吐出的蛛絲可以傳播不同頻率的振動，這些振動讓它們知道蜘蛛網(wǎng)上落下了什么東西并且這些振動在求愛中也非常重要。 【難句分析】　They are also important in courtship (求愛), so lots of males will actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females can use to determine not only that they're a male, but they'r

34、e the right species, and whether they might want to mate with them as well. 分析：這是一個復(fù)合句。本句含有which引導(dǎo)的定語從句以及that和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 譯文：振動在求愛方面也很重要，所以很多雄蜘蛛會制造一種獨特的音樂形式，雌蜘蛛不僅可以憑此確定它們的性別，還能確定它們的物種，以及它們是否愿意交配。 【知識充電】　蜘蛛可以用蛛網(wǎng)來捕獲飛來的昆蟲，有一些蛛絲的強度比鋼絲還大。對于人類來說，研究蛛絲的結(jié)構(gòu)并弄清楚其原理之后，可以制造出來高強度纖維；對人類的語言也有一定的豐富作用，比如可以作為組成

35、成語的元素：蛛絲馬跡。另外，如果你一不小心用小刀割傷手了，可以用蛛網(wǎng)來止血，并且新結(jié)的蛛網(wǎng)更好用。 9．How does a spider feel that an insect is caught in the web? A．Through its sense of sight. B．Through vibrations of its web. C．Through different frequencies. D．Through a musical pattern. 解析：B　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的“The vibrations can give the spider det

36、ails about what is caught in the web”可知，蜘蛛可以通過蛛網(wǎng)的振動知道有東西落到蛛網(wǎng)上了。故選B項。 10．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Insects. B．Strings. C．Spiders. D．Vibrations. 解析：A　考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段的“Spiders catch their food, usually insects in their webs. They make small movements, w

37、hich spread across their webs”可知，蜘蛛在它們的蛛網(wǎng)上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆蟲。它們制造出傳遍整張蛛網(wǎng)的小振動。所以They指代的是昆蟲。 11．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Silk produces vibrations as the strings of a guitar do. B．Female spiders make special sounds to attract a partner. C．Hunting will be hard for spiders if the silk i

38、s loose. D．The tightness of silk can't be adjusted once it's made. 解析：C　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them”可知，蛛網(wǎng)的緊密度對蜘蛛捕獵至關(guān)重要，故選C項。 干擾項分析：根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Spider (蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar string

39、s”可知，蛛網(wǎng)和吉他弦有一些共同之處，故排除A。根據(jù)第三段的“so lots of males will actually... they're a male”可排除B。根據(jù)第四段的“By controlling the tightness of the material... in the middle of the web”可知，蜘蛛可以控制材料的緊密度，它們可以有效地調(diào)整蛛網(wǎng)的屬性，故可排除D項。 12．The text mainly tells readers ________. A．guitars and spider webs are similar B．spider webs have various functions C．spiders are skillful in hunting insects D．vibrations are vital in a spider's life 解析：D　考查主旨大意。根據(jù)整篇文章的敘述，尤其是“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web — maybe a possible mate, or something tasty to eat”可知，D項正確。