專(zhuān)題18 語(yǔ)法填空（解析版）

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1、 專(zhuān)題18 語(yǔ)法填空（解析版） 【2020年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】 語(yǔ)法填空題是給出200字左右的一段短文或?qū)υ?huà),段落中給出10個(gè)填空,其中7個(gè)填空是給出一個(gè)單詞,填寫(xiě)它的正確詞形,如形容詞的比較級(jí)等,其余3個(gè)填空是結(jié)合上下文直接填詞。要求考生,閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。這要求考生既要掌握熟練的語(yǔ)法知識(shí),還要有一定的語(yǔ)言閱讀能力。 分析近三年的高考語(yǔ)法填空的走勢(shì),2020年考查說(shuō)明文的可能性比較大,其次是記敘文。 【考點(diǎn)定位】近三年考點(diǎn)分布 2016-2019年新課標(biāo)卷高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空試題分析： 年份 試卷類(lèi)型 體裁 詞數(shù) 話(huà)題

2、 考點(diǎn)分布 2019年 新課標(biāo)卷I 說(shuō)明文 185 介紹了北極熊的生存現(xiàn)狀 提示詞7個(gè) 61.同位語(yǔ)從句 62. 副詞用法 63. 介詞64. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 65. 時(shí)態(tài)66. 名詞67. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞68. 形容詞比較級(jí)69. 定冠詞 70. 主謂一致。 新課標(biāo)卷II 記敘文 195 九十高齡的Irene作為英國(guó)最年長(zhǎng)的全職員工,,她被頒發(fā) “年度女士”稱(chēng)號(hào)。 提示詞7個(gè) 61.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞62.定語(yǔ)從句 63.副詞用法64.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 65.不定式作定語(yǔ)66.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 67.并列連詞68.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 69.冠詞用法70.形容詞作表語(yǔ) 新課標(biāo)卷III 記敘

3、文 180 作者去夏威夷度假途中的經(jīng)歷以及到了主人家后受到的禮遇。 提示詞7個(gè) 61.副詞62.不定式63.介詞 64.定語(yǔ)從句65.一般過(guò)去時(shí) 66.名詞67.形容詞68.副詞 69.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)70.分詞 2018年 新課標(biāo)卷I 說(shuō)明文 196 跑步的好處,它可以幫助人們延年益壽 提示詞7個(gè) 61.副詞的級(jí) 62. 不定式63.動(dòng)名詞64.時(shí)態(tài)65.比較句型66.定語(yǔ)從句67.名詞數(shù)68. 詞形變化 69.詞形變化。70.代詞或名詞 新課標(biāo)卷II 說(shuō)明文 208 中國(guó)為保護(hù)環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名人士的認(rèn)可

4、 提示詞7個(gè) 61.時(shí)態(tài)62. 冠詞63. 副詞64. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞65. 連詞66. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換67.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換68. 時(shí)態(tài)69. 定語(yǔ)從句70. 省略句 新課標(biāo)卷III 記敘文 193 在中非偶遇大猩猩,彼此驚恐的經(jīng)歷 提示詞7個(gè) 61.賓語(yǔ)從句62.冠詞63.最高級(jí) 64. 動(dòng)詞65. 非謂語(yǔ)66. 名詞 67. 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)68. 代詞69. 時(shí)態(tài) 70. 非謂語(yǔ) 2017年 新課標(biāo)卷I 說(shuō)明文 223 低脂肪、低鹽的飲食趨勢(shì)及其對(duì)人們健康的影響 提示詞7個(gè) 61. 介詞62. 名詞的數(shù)63. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞64. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞65. 冠詞66. 比較級(jí)67.

5、主謂一致68. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞69. 形容詞70. 定語(yǔ)從句 新課標(biāo)卷II 說(shuō)明文 201 世界第一個(gè)地鐵的形成和發(fā)展 提示詞7個(gè) 61.名詞的數(shù)62.介詞63.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞64.冠詞65.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)66.副詞67.代詞68. 時(shí)態(tài)69. 名詞70. 形容詞 新課標(biāo)卷III 說(shuō)明文 215 Sarah Thomas在學(xué)業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇。 提示詞7個(gè) 61. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞62. 冠詞63.時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)64. 定語(yǔ)從句65. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 66. 名詞67. 名詞的數(shù)68. 介詞69. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)70. 副詞 2016年 新課標(biāo)卷I 記敘文 197 作

6、者的成都之旅及其與大熊貓之間的故事 提示詞7個(gè) 61.名詞62.時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)63.副詞64.介詞65.定語(yǔ)從句66.非謂語(yǔ)67. 非謂語(yǔ) 68.代詞69.復(fù)數(shù)70.冠詞 新課標(biāo)卷II 說(shuō)明文 192 緩解工作中的壓力的一些方法 提示詞7個(gè) 61.形容詞的比較級(jí)62.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換63. 主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)64.介詞65.連詞66.名詞復(fù)數(shù)67. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換68.冠詞 69.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞70.祈使句 新課標(biāo)卷III 說(shuō)明文 196 筷子的材質(zhì)和中國(guó)使用筷子的歷史及文化內(nèi)涵 提示詞7個(gè) 61.and 連詞62.時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 63.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 64.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 65.

7、狀語(yǔ)從66.副詞67.定語(yǔ)從句 68.名詞69.時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致 70.介詞 【2020考綱解讀】 作為高考題型的語(yǔ)法填空試題,近年高考英語(yǔ)該題型具有下面這些特點(diǎn)：文章以記敘文和說(shuō)明文為主,文章長(zhǎng)度控制在190～220詞,10道題中,有6～7個(gè)(全國(guó)卷都是7個(gè))試題給出提示詞,考查的要點(diǎn)分為詞法和語(yǔ)法兩部分,詞法部分包括：1)詞類(lèi)的轉(zhuǎn)換,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考查給出的提示詞的名詞、形容詞或副詞變化；2)介詞的固定搭配,名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式及運(yùn)用；語(yǔ)法部分包括：時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的綜合運(yùn)用,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,各種從句等。 從近年課標(biāo)卷的語(yǔ)法填空試題看,給出提示詞的考點(diǎn)主要包括：詞類(lèi)的轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞與動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,形容詞與副詞

8、的轉(zhuǎn)換）；形容詞比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的變化；名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化等。給出提示詞考點(diǎn)多為實(shí)詞,所填寫(xiě)的詞匯根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和短文或?qū)υ?huà)內(nèi)容可以是1～3個(gè)單詞。挖空分布均勻,考點(diǎn)的安排注重多樣化。不給提示詞的考點(diǎn)主要包括：連詞（并列連詞和從屬連詞）、介詞（動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、介詞與名詞的搭配、代詞和冠詞等。 【三年高考】 17、18、19高考試題及其解析 2019年高考試題 1.【2019·全國(guó)I】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 The polar bear is found in the Arctic C

9、ircle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been

10、___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years s

11、ome Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusi

12、on(錯(cuò)覺(jué)) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【參考答案】61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have rep

13、orted 66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are 【解析】 【文章大意】 本文為科普類(lèi)說(shuō)明文。文章向我們介紹了目前北極熊的生存現(xiàn)狀。近年來(lái),在人類(lèi)居住的地方看到北極熊的次數(shù)有所增加,這導(dǎo)致人們錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為北極熊的數(shù)量在上升,可事實(shí)并非如此。 61. that 考查名詞性從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知,主句為there be句型,且結(jié)構(gòu)完整,空格后為同位語(yǔ)從句,解釋說(shuō)明中心詞evidence內(nèi)容,故填that。 62. poorly 考查形容詞副詞。分析可知,此處用副詞poorly修飾謂語(yǔ)

14、動(dòng)詞has been studied,意為“研究很少”。故填poorly。 63. of/about 考查介詞。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定語(yǔ),methods of/for doing sth. 意為“……的方法”。故填of/for。 64. to perform考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后,常用不定式作原因或目的狀語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)+be +adj. + to do） 。句意：跟蹤北極熊的現(xiàn)代方法只是在二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái)開(kāi)始采用,且在如此大區(qū)域內(nèi)持續(xù)采用是很昂貴的。故填to perform。 65. have repor

15、ted 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境,尤其是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in recent years可知,句中需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故填have reported。 66. belief考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由其前不定冠詞和其后that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句可知,空格處需填名詞形式。故填belief。 67. noting 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞by后填動(dòng)名詞形式,此處表示主動(dòng)故填noting。句意：對(duì)此,科學(xué)家們的回應(yīng)是饑餓的熊可能正聚集在人類(lèi)聚居地的周?chē)?。note在此處為動(dòng)詞,意為“指出”。 68. higher 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)其后than they actually are可知,此處需用形容詞的比較級(jí),故填hi

16、gher。 69. the 考查定冠詞。此處特指“在已知的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群中”。故填定冠詞the。 70. are 考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining,此處數(shù)詞six作主語(yǔ),代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”,故需用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ),時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填are。 2.【2019·全國(guó)II】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time

17、employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. Pi

18、cking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because

19、I have to, ___67___ because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed,we th

20、ought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).” 【參考答案】61. being 62. which 63. finally 64. declared 65. to retire 66. have made 67. but 68. saying 69. a 70. wonderful 【解析】 【文章大意】本文是

21、一篇記敘文。主要介紹了一位90歲的英國(guó)女士Irene Astbury,因?yàn)槿匀粓?jiān)持每周上班,獲得年度“年度女性獎(jiǎng)”稱(chēng)號(hào)的故事。本文以積極工作為切入點(diǎn),宣傳勞動(dòng)精神,引導(dǎo)考生培養(yǎng)勞動(dòng)意識(shí)。 61. being考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析空格前面介詞for,后面要求使用v-ing的形式,作介詞的賓語(yǔ),故填being。 62. which考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子中的the pet shop是真正的先行詞,指物,空格后面的句子中opened缺少賓語(yǔ),故填which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 63. finally 考查副詞。分析have 63 （final）been acknowledged語(yǔ)

22、境可知,此處是副詞修飾動(dòng)詞,作狀語(yǔ), 故填finally。 64. declared 考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析本句的結(jié)構(gòu),缺少謂語(yǔ),同時(shí)結(jié)合后面的句子中的had可知,使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。填declared。 65. to retire考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,表示她宣布她現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有要退休的計(jì)劃。此處使用不定式作plan的后置定語(yǔ)。 66. have made考查時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合空格后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over the years可知,在過(guò)去的多年里,她結(jié)交的朋友們,因此說(shuō)明已經(jīng)做完的事情,故使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。填have made。 67. but考查連詞。與前面的句子I work not becaus

23、e I have to中的not組成一個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu),not…but…不是……而是……,故填but。 68. saying考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析say與前面的call之間的關(guān)系可知,它們組成了主謂關(guān)系,填saying,作后置定語(yǔ),修飾前面的call。 69. a 考查冠詞。根據(jù)前面We don't have any idea who put grandma forward我們不知道誰(shuí)提名了祖母,以及she was short-listed接到電話(huà)說(shuō)她入圍了,開(kāi)始我們以為這是一個(gè)玩笑,a joke一個(gè)玩笑,故填a。 70. wonderful考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞變形容詞)。根據(jù)前面的We are

24、 so proud of her.我們?yōu)樗械津湴梁妥院?分析本句空格前面是系動(dòng)詞is,后面跟形容詞作表語(yǔ),故填wonderful。 3.【2019·全國(guó)III】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 On our way to the house,it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. We were first gree

25、ted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs,seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit. For breakfast,we were able to

26、 eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that w

27、ere ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay,we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 【參考答案】61. so 62. to get 63. of 64. who 65.

28、recommended 66. competition 67. traditional 68. hugely 69. were 70. listening 【解析】 【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者在旅游時(shí)所居住的那家主人對(duì)他們的熱情款待,傳遞了友善和和諧的情感。 61. so考查固定句型。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,修飾副詞hard應(yīng)該填so。“so …that”句型,表示“如此……以至于”。 62. to get考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)判斷此處是句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”,意思是“做

29、某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”。 63. of 考查介詞。固定短語(yǔ)：a pack of 意為“一群”。句意：首先歡迎我們的是一群狗的叫聲,確切地說(shuō)是七只狗。 64. who 考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知,masters是先行詞,后面是定語(yǔ)從句。從句中缺少主語(yǔ),判斷用關(guān)系代詞。又因?yàn)橹复硎尽叭恕钡拿~masters,所以填who。 65. recommended 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。 從結(jié)構(gòu)可知and連接兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所以判斷空格處所填的詞應(yīng)該和shared一致,故填 recommended。 66. competition 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞interesting應(yīng)該修飾名詞,而且空前有不定冠

30、詞an,故填單數(shù)名詞competition。 67. traditional 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換空格處于名詞stories前,判斷應(yīng)該用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。故填traditional。 68. hugely 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？崭裨诰渲形挥谛稳菰~前,所以判斷用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填hugely。 69. were invited 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷句子是講述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,句中需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；而且主語(yǔ)we和動(dòng)詞invite之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。故填were invited。 70. listening 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知,逗號(hào)后是非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),而邏輯主語(yǔ)we

31、和動(dòng)詞listen之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填listening。 4.【2019·浙江】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the u

32、niform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(時(shí)尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark

33、. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them. But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little afte

34、r the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance. School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very g

35、ood schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms. 【參考答案】56. has/will have 57. the 58. that/which 59. cycling 60. easily 61. to 62. improved 63. to wear 64. connection/connect

36、ions 65. traditional 【解析】 【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,介紹了穿校服的各種好處。 56. has/will have考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。本文通篇以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語(yǔ)是nobody,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用has。同時(shí)根據(jù)When引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)可知,主句也可以用一般將來(lái)時(shí)will have。 57. the 考查冠詞。 根據(jù)same可知,前面一定用the,表示“同樣的衣服樣式”。 58. that/which 考查定語(yǔ)從句。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為a piece of cloth,且定

37、語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ),故填關(guān)系代詞that/which。 59．cycling 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 根據(jù)上文walking和or可知,此處需要與walking結(jié)構(gòu)一致的現(xiàn)在分詞,故填cycling。 60． easily 考查副詞。 根據(jù)句中can see them可知,需要easy的副詞形式來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,故填easily。 【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】注意easy的副詞是easily,而不是easely或?qū)懗蒭asyly。 61． to 考查介詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是the answer to the question結(jié)構(gòu),表示“問(wèn)題的參考答案”,故用介詞to。 62. improved 考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

38、。 根據(jù)空前的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞found可知,此處that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句,而從句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,同時(shí)根據(jù)found可知,時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),故填improved。【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】注意improved表示“提高、改進(jìn)”,此處是主動(dòng)形式,而不要寫(xiě)成were improved。 63． to wear 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為不定式作want后面的賓語(yǔ),故用to wear。【知識(shí)拓展】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),doing通常表示與主語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生且是主動(dòng)關(guān)系；done表示與主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；having done表示該動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生且與主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系；to do通常表示目的。 64.

39、connection/connections 考查名詞。 根據(jù)no可知,后面需要connect的名詞形式,語(yǔ)意表示“聯(lián)系、連接”,故填connection/connections。 65. traditional 考查形容詞。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處作are后面的表語(yǔ),所以需要tradition的形容詞形式traditional,表示“傳統(tǒng)的”。 5.【2019·北京】語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分) A 閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。 On the first day o

40、f my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously

41、___2___ (face) challenges. I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. 【參考答案】1. voiced 2. facing 3. myself 【解析】 1. voiced 考查時(shí)態(tài),根據(jù)首句的stood可知此處講述的是過(guò)去的事情,應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去式,所以用voiced（表達(dá),吐露）。 2. facing 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,現(xiàn)在分詞形式做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于when I face challenges。 3. myself 考查反身代詞,此處用作

42、賓語(yǔ),表示對(duì)自己低聲說(shuō),所以用“myself”。 B 閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。 Earth Day,___4___(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and

43、 regions(地區(qū)). No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree,make a meal with locally grown vegetables,or save power—the possibilities are endless. 【參考答案】4. marked 5. in 6. activities 【解析】 4. marked 考查動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,此處

44、Earth Day和mark是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式marked。 5. in 考查介詞的用法,年份前面應(yīng)該加介詞in。 6. activities 考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,因?yàn)榍懊娴男稳菰~是various“各種各樣的”,因此用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式activities。 C 閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。 Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(su

45、ggest)that,for most students,it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life. Taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(資源),Students should

46、have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience. 【參考答案】7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 8. where 9. who/that 10. meaningful 【解析】 7. sugge

47、sts 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處表示“研究表明”是客觀(guān)事實(shí),所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)形式suggests。 8. where 考查賓語(yǔ)從句,此處表示“學(xué)生們做什么看起來(lái)比去哪里更重要”,連接詞用where。 9. who 考查定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是人稱(chēng)代詞those,所以后面的關(guān)系代詞用who。 10. meaningful 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,因and前為形容詞healthy,此處也應(yīng)該用形容詞形式meaningful。 2018年高考試題 【2018·全國(guó)I】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 According to a review of

48、evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live for

49、ever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __

50、_67___(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always___69___(e

51、nergy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try. 【參考答案】61. longer 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that \which 67. causes 68. strengthen 69. energetic

52、 70. it \running 【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了跑步的好處,它可以幫助人們延年益壽。 61. 考查副詞的比較級(jí)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：經(jīng)常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根據(jù)than可知用比較級(jí),故填longer。 62. 考查不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。你不必跑地太快或時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)就能看到它的好處。此處不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),故填to see。 63. 考查動(dòng)名詞。你也許喝酒、吸煙或超重,但仍然通過(guò)跑步會(huì)減少早亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此處of是介詞,其后用動(dòng)名詞。故填dying。 64. 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車(chē)和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填i

53、s。 65. 考查比較句型。跑步比散步、騎車(chē)和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。根據(jù)文章中的more effective可知此處填than。 66. 考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a study是先行詞,其在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),故填that或which。 67. 考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。一項(xiàng)研究表明,僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步,就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。 68. 考查詞形變化。鍛煉以增強(qiáng)你腿上的肌肉。此處to是不定式符合,其后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填strengthen。 69. 考查詞形變化。跑步總是讓人充滿(mǎn)活力的。根據(jù)it’s可知,系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故填energ

54、etic。 70. 考查代詞或名詞的用法。我們都應(yīng)該試試跑步。此處give it a try意為：試試。此處it可以指running。故填it或running。 點(diǎn)睛：本文比較難的一個(gè)題是10題。短語(yǔ)give it a try不容易想出來(lái)。give a try試試。Give sb sth； give sth to sb這些短語(yǔ)學(xué)生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式,比較少見(jiàn)。高考溫習(xí)要盡可能多的溫習(xí)相關(guān)的短語(yǔ),尤其是用的比較多,而課本中出現(xiàn)較少的短語(yǔ)。 【2018·全國(guó)II】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Diets have changed

55、in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its cor

56、n is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in th

57、e country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-

58、testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers usef

59、ul lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 【參考答案】61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than 66. pollution 67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding 【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文中講述了中國(guó)為保護(hù)環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些

60、變化并得到了世界上的知名認(rèn)識(shí)的認(rèn)可。 61. 考查時(shí)態(tài)。since加時(shí)間點(diǎn),主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：2011年以來(lái),中國(guó)種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。 62. 考查冠詞。句意：玉米產(chǎn)量在過(guò)去25年里增長(zhǎng)了近125%,而大米只增長(zhǎng)了7%。故是特指在過(guò)去的25年里。故填the。 63. 考查副詞。句意：對(duì)肉的需求實(shí)際上是這種變化的背后原因。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,用副詞修飾句子。故填actually。 64. 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米。沒(méi)有連詞可以且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是encourages,故improve應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處表示目的,故用不定式。故填

61、to improve。 65. 考查連詞。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞less可知,填比較連詞。故填than。 66. 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：這一轉(zhuǎn)變減少了中國(guó)較大的湖泊和水庫(kù)的污染,使人們的飲用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名詞作賓語(yǔ),故填pollution。 67. 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：中國(guó)約占全球化肥總消費(fèi)量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名詞短語(yǔ),故應(yīng)該用形容詞修飾。故填global。 68. 考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在2005年政府開(kāi)始了一項(xiàng)土壤測(cè)試項(xiàng)目。本句是when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,由于時(shí)間是2005年,故用過(guò)去時(shí)。故填starte

62、d。 69. 考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)空后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞gives可知,該空缺少主語(yǔ),指代program并且引導(dǎo)后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。 70. 考查省略句。句意：中國(guó)在養(yǎng)活了中國(guó)人民的同時(shí)又保護(hù)了環(huán)境。這一做法為全世界的農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食政策制定人提供了很有用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?？崭裉幈硎菊谶M(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原則：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、,讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致且含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),那么可以把主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞一塊省略。故填feeding。 點(diǎn)睛：學(xué)會(huì)分析句子成分。The Chinese Minist

63、ry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 這句話(huà)中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。一個(gè)是關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是2005,the government是主語(yǔ),a soil-testing program是賓語(yǔ),故

64、此空缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,我們可以看出時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。另一個(gè)是關(guān)系代詞指代program引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是program,gives是第三人稱(chēng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,可以看出是考查關(guān)系詞。代指物并作主語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞要用that/which。 【2018·全國(guó)III】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in t

65、he forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the ___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest

66、 and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. Tru