專題18 語法填空（解析版）

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1、 專題18 語法填空（解析版） 【2020年高考命題預測】 語法填空題是給出200字左右的一段短文或?qū)υ?段落中給出10個填空,其中7個填空是給出一個單詞,填寫它的正確詞形,如形容詞的比較級等,其余3個填空是結合上下文直接填詞。要求考生,閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。這要求考生既要掌握熟練的語法知識,還要有一定的語言閱讀能力。 分析近三年的高考語法填空的走勢,2020年考查說明文的可能性比較大,其次是記敘文。 【考點定位】近三年考點分布 2016-2019年新課標卷高考英語語法填空試題分析： 年份 試卷類型 體裁 詞數(shù) 話題

2、 考點分布 2019年 新課標卷I 說明文 185 介紹了北極熊的生存現(xiàn)狀 提示詞7個 61.同位語從句 62. 副詞用法 63. 介詞64. 非謂語動詞 65. 時態(tài)66. 名詞67. 非謂語動詞68. 形容詞比較級69. 定冠詞 70. 主謂一致。 新課標卷II 記敘文 195 九十高齡的Irene作為英國最年長的全職員工,,她被頒發(fā) “年度女士”稱號。 提示詞7個 61.非謂語動詞62.定語從句 63.副詞用法64.動詞時態(tài) 65.不定式作定語66.動詞時態(tài) 67.并列連詞68.非謂語動詞 69.冠詞用法70.形容詞作表語 新課標卷III 記敘

3、文 180 作者去夏威夷度假途中的經(jīng)歷以及到了主人家后受到的禮遇。 提示詞7個 61.副詞62.不定式63.介詞 64.定語從句65.一般過去時 66.名詞67.形容詞68.副詞 69.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)70.分詞 2018年 新課標卷I 說明文 196 跑步的好處,它可以幫助人們延年益壽 提示詞7個 61.副詞的級 62. 不定式63.動名詞64.時態(tài)65.比較句型66.定語從句67.名詞數(shù)68. 詞形變化 69.詞形變化。70.代詞或名詞 新課標卷II 說明文 208 中國為保護環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名人士的認可

4、 提示詞7個 61.時態(tài)62. 冠詞63. 副詞64. 非謂語動詞65. 連詞66. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換67.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換68. 時態(tài)69. 定語從句70. 省略句 新課標卷III 記敘文 193 在中非偶遇大猩猩,彼此驚恐的經(jīng)歷 提示詞7個 61.賓語從句62.冠詞63.最高級 64. 動詞65. 非謂語66. 名詞 67. 動詞短語68. 代詞69. 時態(tài) 70. 非謂語 2017年 新課標卷I 說明文 223 低脂肪、低鹽的飲食趨勢及其對人們健康的影響 提示詞7個 61. 介詞62. 名詞的數(shù)63. 非謂語動詞64. 謂語動詞65. 冠詞66. 比較級67.

5、主謂一致68. 非謂語動詞69. 形容詞70. 定語從句 新課標卷II 說明文 201 世界第一個地鐵的形成和發(fā)展 提示詞7個 61.名詞的數(shù)62.介詞63.非謂語動詞64.冠詞65.被動語態(tài)66.副詞67.代詞68. 時態(tài)69. 名詞70. 形容詞 新課標卷III 說明文 215 Sarah Thomas在學業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇。 提示詞7個 61. 非謂語動詞62. 冠詞63.時態(tài)和語態(tài)64. 定語從句65. 非謂語動詞 66. 名詞67. 名詞的數(shù)68. 介詞69. 動詞時態(tài)70. 副詞 2016年 新課標卷I 記敘文 197 作

6、者的成都之旅及其與大熊貓之間的故事 提示詞7個 61.名詞62.時態(tài)和語態(tài)63.副詞64.介詞65.定語從句66.非謂語67. 非謂語 68.代詞69.復數(shù)70.冠詞 新課標卷II 說明文 192 緩解工作中的壓力的一些方法 提示詞7個 61.形容詞的比較級62.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換63. 主謂一致和時態(tài)64.介詞65.連詞66.名詞復數(shù)67. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換68.冠詞 69.非謂語動詞70.祈使句 新課標卷III 說明文 196 筷子的材質(zhì)和中國使用筷子的歷史及文化內(nèi)涵 提示詞7個 61.and 連詞62.時態(tài)和語態(tài) 63.非謂語動詞 64.非謂語動詞 65.

7、狀語從66.副詞67.定語從句 68.名詞69.時態(tài)和主謂一致 70.介詞 【2020考綱解讀】 作為高考題型的語法填空試題,近年高考英語該題型具有下面這些特點：文章以記敘文和說明文為主,文章長度控制在190～220詞,10道題中,有6～7個(全國卷都是7個)試題給出提示詞,考查的要點分為詞法和語法兩部分,詞法部分包括：1)詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換,結合語境考查給出的提示詞的名詞、形容詞或副詞變化；2)介詞的固定搭配,名詞的復數(shù)形式及運用；語法部分包括：時態(tài)和語態(tài)的綜合運用,非謂語動詞,各種從句等。 從近年課標卷的語法填空試題看,給出提示詞的考點主要包括：詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞與動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,形容詞與副詞

8、的轉(zhuǎn)換）；形容詞比較級與最高級的變化；名詞單復數(shù)的變化；動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的變化等。給出提示詞考點多為實詞,所填寫的詞匯根據(jù)語境和短文或?qū)υ拑?nèi)容可以是1～3個單詞。挖空分布均勻,考點的安排注重多樣化。不給提示詞的考點主要包括：連詞（并列連詞和從屬連詞）、介詞（動詞與介詞的搭配、介詞與名詞的搭配、代詞和冠詞等。 【三年高考】 17、18、19高考試題及其解析 2019年高考試題 1.【2019·全國I】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 The polar bear is found in the Arctic C

9、ircle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been

10、___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years s

11、ome Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusi

12、on(錯覺) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【參考答案】61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have rep

13、orted 66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are 【解析】 【文章大意】 本文為科普類說明文。文章向我們介紹了目前北極熊的生存現(xiàn)狀。近年來,在人類居住的地方看到北極熊的次數(shù)有所增加,這導致人們錯誤地認為北極熊的數(shù)量在上升,可事實并非如此。 61. that 考查名詞性從句。根據(jù)句子結構分析可知,主句為there be句型,且結構完整,空格后為同位語從句,解釋說明中心詞evidence內(nèi)容,故填that。 62. poorly 考查形容詞副詞。分析可知,此處用副詞poorly修飾謂語

14、動詞has been studied,意為“研究很少”。故填poorly。 63. of/about 考查介詞。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定語,methods of/for doing sth. 意為“……的方法”。故填of/for。 64. to perform考查非謂語動詞。主系表結構之后,常用不定式作原因或目的狀語（主語+be +adj. + to do） 。句意：跟蹤北極熊的現(xiàn)代方法只是在二十世紀八十年代以來開始采用,且在如此大區(qū)域內(nèi)持續(xù)采用是很昂貴的。故填to perform。 65. have repor

15、ted 考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語境,尤其是時間狀語in recent years可知,句中需用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。故填have reported。 66. belief考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由其前不定冠詞和其后that引導的同位語從句可知,空格處需填名詞形式。故填belief。 67. noting 考查非謂語動詞。介詞by后填動名詞形式,此處表示主動故填noting。句意：對此,科學家們的回應是饑餓的熊可能正聚集在人類聚居地的周圍。note在此處為動詞,意為“指出”。 68. higher 考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)其后than they actually are可知,此處需用形容詞的比較級,故填hi

16、gher。 69. the 考查定冠詞。此處特指“在已知的19個北極熊亞種群中”。故填定冠詞the。 70. are 考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining,此處數(shù)詞six作主語,代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”,故需用復數(shù)謂語,時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時。故填are。 2.【2019·全國II】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time

17、employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. Pi

18、cking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because

19、I have to, ___67___ because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed,we th

20、ought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).” 【參考答案】61. being 62. which 63. finally 64. declared 65. to retire 66. have made 67. but 68. saying 69. a 70. wonderful 【解析】 【文章大意】本文是

21、一篇記敘文。主要介紹了一位90歲的英國女士Irene Astbury,因為仍然堅持每周上班,獲得年度“年度女性獎”稱號的故事。本文以積極工作為切入點,宣傳勞動精神,引導考生培養(yǎng)勞動意識。 61. being考查非謂語動詞。分析空格前面介詞for,后面要求使用v-ing的形式,作介詞的賓語,故填being。 62. which考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子中的the pet shop是真正的先行詞,指物,空格后面的句子中opened缺少賓語,故填which引導非限制性定語從句。 63. finally 考查副詞。分析have 63 （final）been acknowledged語

22、境可知,此處是副詞修飾動詞,作狀語, 故填finally。 64. declared 考查時態(tài)。分析本句的結構,缺少謂語,同時結合后面的句子中的had可知,使用一般過去時。填declared。 65. to retire考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語境,表示她宣布她現(xiàn)在還沒有要退休的計劃。此處使用不定式作plan的后置定語。 66. have made考查時態(tài)。結合空格后面的時間狀語over the years可知,在過去的多年里,她結交的朋友們,因此說明已經(jīng)做完的事情,故使用現(xiàn)在完成時。填have made。 67. but考查連詞。與前面的句子I work not becaus

23、e I have to中的not組成一個固定結構,not…but…不是……而是……,故填but。 68. saying考查非謂語動詞。分析say與前面的call之間的關系可知,它們組成了主謂關系,填saying,作后置定語,修飾前面的call。 69. a 考查冠詞。根據(jù)前面We don't have any idea who put grandma forward我們不知道誰提名了祖母,以及she was short-listed接到電話說她入圍了,開始我們以為這是一個玩笑,a joke一個玩笑,故填a。 70. wonderful考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞變形容詞)。根據(jù)前面的We are

24、 so proud of her.我們?yōu)樗械津湴梁妥院?分析本句空格前面是系動詞is,后面跟形容詞作表語,故填wonderful。 3.【2019·全國III】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 On our way to the house,it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. We were first gree

25、ted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs,seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit. For breakfast,we were able to

26、 eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that w

27、ere ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay,we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 【參考答案】61. so 62. to get 63. of 64. who 65.

28、recommended 66. competition 67. traditional 68. hugely 69. were 70. listening 【解析】 【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者在旅游時所居住的那家主人對他們的熱情款待,傳遞了友善和和諧的情感。 61. so考查固定句型。分析結構可知,此處是結果狀語從句,修飾副詞hard應該填so?！皊o …that”句型,表示“如此……以至于”。 62. to get考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)結構判斷此處是句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”,意思是“做

29、某事花費某人多長時間”。 63. of 考查介詞。固定短語：a pack of 意為“一群”。句意：首先歡迎我們的是一群狗的叫聲,確切地說是七只狗。 64. who 考查定語從句。分析結構可知,masters是先行詞,后面是定語從句。從句中缺少主語,判斷用關系代詞。又因為指代表示“人”的名詞masters,所以填who。 65. recommended 考查動詞時態(tài)。 從結構可知and連接兩個并列謂語動詞,所以判斷空格處所填的詞應該和shared一致,故填 recommended。 66. competition 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞interesting應該修飾名詞,而且空前有不定冠

30、詞an,故填單數(shù)名詞competition。 67. traditional 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換空格處于名詞stories前,判斷應該用形容詞作定語。故填traditional。 68. hugely 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。空格在句中位于形容詞前,所以判斷用副詞作狀語。故填hugely。 69. were invited 考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境判斷句子是講述過去發(fā)生的事情,句中需用一般過去時；而且主語we和動詞invite之間是被動關系,所以用一般過去時的被動形式。故填were invited。 70. listening 考查非謂語動詞。分析結構可知,逗號后是非謂語短語作狀語,而邏輯主語we

31、和動詞listen之間是主動關系,判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填listening。 4.【2019·浙江】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the u

32、niform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(時尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark

33、. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them. But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little afte

34、r the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance. School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very g

35、ood schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms. 【參考答案】56. has/will have 57. the 58. that/which 59. cycling 60. easily 61. to 62. improved 63. to wear 64. connection/connect

36、ions 65. traditional 【解析】 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了穿校服的各種好處。 56. has/will have考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。本文通篇以一般現(xiàn)在時為主。分析句子結構可知,主語是nobody,所以謂語動詞用has。同時根據(jù)When引導的時間狀語從句謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)可知,主句也可以用一般將來時will have。 57. the 考查冠詞。 根據(jù)same可知,前面一定用the,表示“同樣的衣服樣式”。 58. that/which 考查定語從句。 分析句子結構可知,空處引導的是定語從句,先行詞為a piece of cloth,且定

37、語從句中缺少主語,故填關系代詞that/which。 59．cycling 考查非謂語動詞。 根據(jù)上文walking和or可知,此處需要與walking結構一致的現(xiàn)在分詞,故填cycling。 60． easily 考查副詞。 根據(jù)句中can see them可知,需要easy的副詞形式來修飾動詞,故填easily。 【易錯點撥】注意easy的副詞是easily,而不是easely或?qū)懗蒭asyly。 61． to 考查介詞。分析句子結構可知,此處是the answer to the question結構,表示“問題的參考答案”,故用介詞to。 62. improved 考查謂語動詞

38、。 根據(jù)空前的謂語動詞found可知,此處that引導的是賓語從句,而從句中缺少謂語動詞,同時根據(jù)found可知,時態(tài)是過去時態(tài),故填improved?！疽族e點撥】注意improved表示“提高、改進”,此處是主動形式,而不要寫成were improved。 63． to wear 考查非謂語動詞。 分析句子結構可知,此處為不定式作want后面的賓語,故用to wear。【知識拓展】非謂語動詞作狀語時,doing通常表示與主語同時發(fā)生且是主動關系；done表示與主語之間是被動關系；having done表示該動作先于主句的動作發(fā)生且與主語之間是主動關系；to do通常表示目的。 64.

39、connection/connections 考查名詞。 根據(jù)no可知,后面需要connect的名詞形式,語意表示“聯(lián)系、連接”,故填connection/connections。 65. traditional 考查形容詞。 分析句子結構可知,空處作are后面的表語,所以需要tradition的形容詞形式traditional,表示“傳統(tǒng)的”。 5.【2019·北京】語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分) A 閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。 On the first day o

40、f my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously

41、___2___ (face) challenges. I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. 【參考答案】1. voiced 2. facing 3. myself 【解析】 1. voiced 考查時態(tài),根據(jù)首句的stood可知此處講述的是過去的事情,應該用一般過去式,所以用voiced（表達,吐露）。 2. facing 考查非謂語動詞,現(xiàn)在分詞形式做時間狀語,相當于when I face challenges。 3. myself 考查反身代詞,此處用作

42、賓語,表示對自己低聲說,所以用“myself”。 B 閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。 Earth Day,___4___(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and

43、 regions(地區(qū)). No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree,make a meal with locally grown vegetables,or save power—the possibilities are endless. 【參考答案】4. marked 5. in 6. activities 【解析】 4. marked 考查動詞的過去分詞,此處

44、Earth Day和mark是被動關系,因此用動詞的過去分詞形式marked。 5. in 考查介詞的用法,年份前面應該加介詞in。 6. activities 考查名詞的復數(shù)形式,因為前面的形容詞是various“各種各樣的”,因此用名詞的復數(shù)形式activities。 C 閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空,在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。 Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___7___(su

45、ggest)that,for most students,it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life. Taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(資源),Students should

46、have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience. 【參考答案】7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 8. where 9. who/that 10. meaningful 【解析】 7. sugge

47、sts 考查動詞的時態(tài)。此處表示“研究表明”是客觀事實,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱形式suggests。 8. where 考查賓語從句,此處表示“學生們做什么看起來比去哪里更重要”,連接詞用where。 9. who 考查定語從句,先行詞是人稱代詞those,所以后面的關系代詞用who。 10. meaningful 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,因and前為形容詞healthy,此處也應該用形容詞形式meaningful。 2018年高考試題 【2018·全國I】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 According to a review of

48、evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live for

49、ever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __

50、_67___(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always___69___(e

51、nergy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try. 【參考答案】61. longer 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that \which 67. causes 68. strengthen 69. energetic

52、 70. it \running 【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了跑步的好處,它可以幫助人們延年益壽。 61. 考查副詞的比較級。醫(yī)學報告顯示：經(jīng)常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根據(jù)than可知用比較級,故填longer。 62. 考查不定式作目的狀語。你不必跑地太快或時間太長就能看到它的好處。此處不定式作目的狀語,故填to see。 63. 考查動名詞。你也許喝酒、吸煙或超重,但仍然通過跑步會減少早亡的風險。此處of是介詞,其后用動名詞。故填dying。 64. 考查動詞的時態(tài)。醫(yī)學報告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。這里敘述的是一個事實,故用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填i

53、s。 65. 考查比較句型。跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。根據(jù)文章中的more effective可知此處填than。 66. 考查定語從句的關系詞。此處a study是先行詞,其在定語從句中作主語,故填that或which。 67. 考查名詞復數(shù)。一項研究表明,僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步,就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復數(shù)形式。故填causes。 68. 考查詞形變化。鍛煉以增強你腿上的肌肉。此處to是不定式符合,其后用動詞原形。故填strengthen。 69. 考查詞形變化。跑步總是讓人充滿活力的。根據(jù)it’s可知,系動詞后用形容詞作表語。故填energ

54、etic。 70. 考查代詞或名詞的用法。我們都應該試試跑步。此處give it a try意為：試試。此處it可以指running。故填it或running。 點睛：本文比較難的一個題是10題。短語give it a try不容易想出來。give a try試試。Give sb sth； give sth to sb這些短語學生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式,比較少見。高考溫習要盡可能多的溫習相關的短語,尤其是用的比較多,而課本中出現(xiàn)較少的短語。 【2018·全國II】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Diets have changed

55、in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its cor

56、n is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in th

57、e country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-

58、testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers usef

59、ul lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 【參考答案】61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than 66. pollution 67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding 【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文中講述了中國為保護環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些

60、變化并得到了世界上的知名認識的認可。 61. 考查時態(tài)。since加時間點,主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。句意：2011年以來,中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。 62. 考查冠詞。句意：玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長了近125%,而大米只增長了7%。故是特指在過去的25年里。故填the。 63. 考查副詞。句意：對肉的需求實際上是這種變化的背后原因。句子結構完整,用副詞修飾句子。故填actually。 64. 考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米。沒有連詞可以且謂語動詞是encourages,故improve應該用非謂語動詞。此處表示目的,故用不定式。故填

61、to improve。 65. 考查連詞。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據(jù)關鍵詞less可知,填比較連詞。故填than。 66. 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：這一轉(zhuǎn)變減少了中國較大的湖泊和水庫的污染,使人們的飲用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名詞作賓語,故填pollution。 67. 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：中國約占全球化肥總消費量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名詞短語,故應該用形容詞修飾。故填global。 68. 考查謂語動詞。句意：在2005年政府開始了一項土壤測試項目。本句是when引導的定語從句,由于時間是2005年,故用過去時。故填starte

62、d。 69. 考查定語從句關系詞。根據(jù)空后的謂語動詞gives可知,該空缺少主語,指代program并且引導后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。 70. 考查省略句。句意：中國在養(yǎng)活了中國人民的同時又保護了環(huán)境。這一做法為全世界的農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食政策制定人提供了很有用的經(jīng)驗?？崭裉幈硎菊谶M行的動作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原則：在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、,讓步狀語從句中,如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致且含有be動詞時,那么可以把主語和be動詞一塊省略。故填feeding。 點睛：學會分析句子成分。The Chinese Minist

63、ry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 這句話中有兩個定語從句。一個是關系副詞when引導的定語從句,先行詞是2005,the government是主語,a soil-testing program是賓語,故

64、此空缺少謂語動詞,我們可以看出時態(tài)是一般過去時。另一個是關系代詞指代program引導的定語從句,先行詞是program,gives是第三人稱謂語動詞,可以看出是考查關系詞。代指物并作主語,關系詞要用that/which。 【2018·全國III】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in t

65、he forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the ___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest

66、 and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. Tru