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編號
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 包裝機(jī)推包機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號： 0923018
學(xué)生姓名： 周 洋
指導(dǎo)教師： 馮鮮（職稱：講師）
2012年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）開題報告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實表”
四、實習(xí)鑒定表
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）
開題報告
題目： 包裝機(jī)推包機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號： 0923018
學(xué)生姓名： 周 洋
指導(dǎo)教師： 馮鮮（職稱：講師 ）
2012年11月26日
課題來源
隨著科技的發(fā)展，包裝機(jī)的更新?lián)Q代，也迫使推包機(jī)構(gòu)的革新，輸送產(chǎn)品的過程不可輕視，推包機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用影響到包裝機(jī)的效率和質(zhì)量，因此設(shè)計者在設(shè)計推包機(jī)的同時大多也提供了推包機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計，另外也有人專門為各種設(shè)備設(shè)計推包機(jī)構(gòu)。包裝在當(dāng)今社會相當(dāng)流行，對于任何產(chǎn)品出廠的最后一步大多是包裝，因此包裝機(jī)的推包機(jī)構(gòu)也是很有市場的。
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢；應(yīng)用前景等）
科學(xué)意義：包裝機(jī)械是集機(jī)、電、光、聲、磁、化、生、美為一體的高技術(shù)、高智能、高競爭的產(chǎn)品。發(fā)展速度快、更新速度快是它的一大特點(diǎn)。世界上一切高技術(shù)成果，都會在包裝機(jī)械產(chǎn)品中得到應(yīng)用。迄今,一些科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)達(dá)的國家,在食品、醫(yī)藥、輕工、化工、紡織、電子、儀表和兵器等工業(yè)部門,已經(jīng)程度不同地形成了由原料處理、中間加工和產(chǎn)品包裝三大基本環(huán)節(jié)所組成的包裝連續(xù)化和自動化的生產(chǎn)過程,有的還將包裝材料加工、包裝容器成型及包裝成品儲存系統(tǒng)都聯(lián)系起來組成高效率的流水作業(yè)線。大量事實表明,實現(xiàn)包裝的機(jī)械化和自動化,尤其是實現(xiàn)具有高度靈活性(或稱柔性)的自動包裝線,不僅體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展方向,同時也可以獲得巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
國內(nèi)外研究概況及發(fā)展水平：國外的包裝機(jī)械近些年有了新特點(diǎn)，主要有：一是生產(chǎn)高效率；二是資源的高利用率，高度的綜合利用和發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)；三是產(chǎn)品高度重視節(jié)能，重視降低成本；四是高新技術(shù)實用化，提高生產(chǎn)效率，產(chǎn)品上水平、上檔次；五是科研成果商品化，使包裝機(jī)械產(chǎn)品向知識密集化、技術(shù)綜合化、產(chǎn)品智能化等方面發(fā)展。目前，世界各國對包裝機(jī)械發(fā)展十分重視，集機(jī)、電、氣、光、生、磁為一體的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品不斷涌現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)高效率化、資源高利用化、產(chǎn)品節(jié)能化、高新技術(shù)實用化、科研成果商業(yè)化已成為世界各國包裝機(jī)械發(fā)展的趨勢這也是我國包裝機(jī)械業(yè)的發(fā)展方向?qū)τ谖覈陌b機(jī)械生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，并不是求大求全，而是應(yīng)求精求專。美國、日本、意大利的包裝機(jī)械生產(chǎn)企業(yè)大部分規(guī)模不大，但專業(yè)化程度很高。我國目前產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)中以低技術(shù)含量為主的狀況，應(yīng)該淘汰一批低效高耗的、低檔次、低附加值的、勞動密集型的產(chǎn)品。
應(yīng)用前景：綜合考慮不足，資源沒有充分利用。我國包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計存在著混亂現(xiàn)象，許多機(jī)械設(shè)計人員對電機(jī)拖動同步技術(shù)、伺服傳動技術(shù)不了解，可用簡單的電器設(shè)備解決的問題卻用復(fù)雜的機(jī)械裝置來實現(xiàn)，有的雖然采用了同步電機(jī)等裝置來控制機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)行，但選取不當(dāng)。這些情況不僅造成了資源的極大浪費(fèi)，而且使設(shè)計的機(jī)械的性能低下。
研究內(nèi)容
1、方案設(shè)計。并確定傳動系統(tǒng)中各機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動尺寸和各構(gòu)件尺寸。
2、機(jī)械部分設(shè)計。確定電動機(jī)的功率與轉(zhuǎn)速、對部分構(gòu)件如齒輪進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度計算，并確定其尺寸。
3、進(jìn)行推包及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。繪制其裝配圖。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實驗方案及可行性分析
研究方法:圖解法
技術(shù)路線：偏執(zhí)滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)與盤形凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)組合
可行性分析: 在設(shè)計過程中利用機(jī)械原理的基本理論關(guān)系式和其他數(shù)學(xué)算式，用圖解的方法將設(shè)計結(jié)果確定出來，這樣可以清晰的以線圖的形式表現(xiàn)在圖紙上，一目了然，具有直觀、定性簡單、檢查解析的正確性方便等特點(diǎn)，因此在該設(shè)計中我們采用了圖解法。圖解法的優(yōu)勢就是在解決簡單的機(jī)械分析與綜合是比較方便，比如可以通過量一些尺寸進(jìn)而分析運(yùn)動的合理性和可行性，從而避免一些不必要的繁瑣的計算，該方法能夠培養(yǎng)我們的工程圖算能力。本設(shè)計主要利用偏置滑塊結(jié)構(gòu)與凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)的組合機(jī)構(gòu)。偏置滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)與往復(fù)移動凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)相組合。在這個方案中，我們的設(shè)計思路是利用偏置滑塊結(jié)構(gòu)來實現(xiàn)較大的往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動，而且這個過程中具有急回特性，同時利用往復(fù)移動來實現(xiàn)推頭的小行程低頭運(yùn)動的要求，所以需要對心曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)將轉(zhuǎn)動變換為移動凸輪的往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動。
研究計劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計劃：
2012年11月07日-2012年11月30日：
教師下達(dá)畢業(yè)設(shè)計任務(wù)，學(xué)生初步閱讀資料，完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告。
2012年12月01日-2012年12月18日：
完成開題報告，對包裝機(jī)的推包機(jī)構(gòu)做大體上的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。
2012年12月19日-2012年12月31日：對包裝機(jī)設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)做出具體計算。
2013年01月01日-2013年02月30日：用CAD畫出相關(guān)圖片。
2013年03月01日-2013年04月30日：用CAD畫出裝配圖和零件圖。
2013年05月01日-2013年06月31日：寫論文，修改論文。
預(yù)期成果：
1.方案的確定及優(yōu)化。
2.完成機(jī)械部分的設(shè)計，包括凸輪、桿、電機(jī)、齒輪、軸和軸承的設(shè)計。
3.完成機(jī)械整體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計。
4.完成控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
凸輪是槽型的凸輪，這樣不但能夠讓從動件與凸輪之間的連接更加緊湊，而且因為采用了滾動從動件，能使減輕凸輪對它的沖擊，從而提高了承載能力。而采用的偏置滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)滑塊具有急回特性，使其回程速度高于工作行程速度，以便縮短空回程的時間，提高工作效率。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
已具備的條件：
有充足的圖書資源，可以查找相關(guān)手冊。
凸輪結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計，在機(jī)械原理一書中已學(xué)習(xí)過。
已初步確定方案，對于結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計已有詳細(xì)的步驟。
尚需解決的問題：
控制部分也是相當(dāng)重要的環(huán)節(jié)，還需要詳細(xì)研習(xí)，才能完成設(shè)計。
指導(dǎo)教師意見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
年 月 日
英文原文
Design Of Tool Machine Prop
Research significance
The original knife machine control procedures are designed individually, not used tool management system, features a single comparison, the knife only has to find the tool knife, knife positioning the shortest path, axis tool change, but does not support large-scale tool.
Automatic knife in the knife election, in the computer memory knife-election on the basis of using the Siemens 840 D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its other machine. Automatic tool change systems will be faster growth, reduced tool change time, increase the positioning accuracy tool is an important means to help NC technology development.
Tool and inventory components of modern production is an important link in the management, especially for large workshop management. The traditional way of account management, and low efficiency, high error rate, and not sharing information and data, tools and the use of state can not track the life cycle, are unable to meet the current information management needs. With actual production, we have to establish a workshop tool for the three-dimensional tool storage system to meet the knife workshop with auxiliary storage and management needs.
The system uses optimization technology, a large number of computer storage inventory information, timely, accurate, and comprehensive tool to reflect the inventory situation. The entire system uses a graphical interface, man-machine dialogue tips from the Chinese menu, select various functions can be realized and the importation of all kinds of information. Management system using online help function. Through the workshop management, network management and sharing of information. Have automated inventory management, warehousing management tool, a tool for the management and statistical functions.
1.System components and control structure
The entire system, including the structure and electrical machinery control systems.
1.1.1Mechanical structure and working principle
Tool from the stent, drive, drive system, Turret, shielding, control system, and electrical components. Support from the column, beam, the upper and lower guide Central track, and track support component.
1) Drive for the system chosen VVVF method. Cone used brake motors, with VVVF by Cycloid reducer through sprocket drive.
2) Drag a variable frequency drive system and control technology. VVVF adopted, will speed drive shaft in the normal range adjustment to control the speed rotary turret to 5 ~ 30mm in, the drive shaft into two, two under through sprocket, the two profiled rollers Chain driven rotating shelves. Expansion chain adopted by the thread tight regulation swelling, swelling the regular way. - Conditioned, under the same chain-of-conditioning, so that the chain of uniform.
3) Turret and shields the entire total of 14 independent Turret. 13 of them as a socket-Turret, as a drawer-Turret, each Turret back through the pin and, under the conveyor chain link chain plate, installed at the bottom roller, chain driven rotating turret rotation along the track. Outlet-Turret and BT50-BT40 Turret Turret two kinds of forms. To strengthen management, security, landscaping modeling, shelf peripherals and shields. Turret-drawer drawer placed at six other Des Voeux a knife, can be categorized with some of knife auxiliary equipment, such as bits, such as turning tools.
1.1.2.Electrical Control System
This tool storage systems is the main electrical control their shelves for operational control and position control. Operational control equipment, including operation of the start of braking control. Position Control is the main location and address of the shelves for testing. Control system as shown in Figure 1.
圖 1 Tool Control System for the
1) Electric Transmission horizontal rotary tool storage systems are the mechanical movements are repeated short-term work system. And the run-time system needs some speed, speed transmission needs, the system will use VVVF method can be used simple structure, reliable operation of the motor and frequency inverter.
2) Control of the system is divided into two kinds of manual control and automatic control, manual control as a general reserve and debugging methods of work; ways to the system control computer (IPC) and the control unit (inverter contactor , etc.) consisting of a control system.
3) location and positioning accuracy of the system automatically identify the site and location using a detection device as proximity switches, relays through the plate-point isolation and the number plate recorded close to the switching signal acquisition and operation of Hutchison with a Optimal Path addressable identify the current location and shelves of the purpose of the shelf location. In order to enable a more accurate positioning system, adopted two photoelectric switches, to detect the two shelves of the two films.
1.2.The functions of the knife
knife The is the role of reserves a certain number of tools, machine tool spindle in hand to achieve the fungibility a disc cutter knife is the type of library, the chain knives, and other means, in the form of the knife and capacity according to the Machine Tool to determine the scope of the process.
1.3.Common types
The knife is a tool storage devices, the common knife mainly in the following forms:
(1) the turret knife
Including the first level turret vertical turret and the first two, see Figure 2.6 a) and b):
(2) the disc cutter
Disc knife in the library with discoid knife, cutting tool along See how vertical arrangement (including radial and axial from knife from knife), along See how radial array into acute or arranged in the form of the knife. Simple, compact, more applications, but are ring-cutter, low utilization of space. Figure 2.7 a) to c). If the knife storage capacity must be increased to increase the diameter of the knife, then the moment of inertia also increased correspondingly, the election campaign long knife. Tool number not more than 32 general. Cutter was multi-loop order of the space utilization knife, but inevitably given the knife from complex institutions, applicable to the restricted space Machine Tool storage capacity and more occasions. Two-disc structure is two smaller capacity knife on both sides of the sub-spindle place, more compact layout, the number of certificates corresponding increase knife, apply to small and medium-sized processing center.
(3) the chain knife Including single-and multi-ring chain ring chain, chain link can take many forms change, see Figure 2.8 a) to c), the basic structure shown in Figure 2. 8 do
Features: knife apply to the larger capacity of the occasion, the space of the small number of generally applicable to the tool in the 30-120. Only increase the length of the chain tool will increase the number should not be increased circumferential speed of its moment of inertia of the knife does not increase the disc as large.
(4) linear combination knife and the knife library
The linear knife simple structure in Figure 2.9, tool single order, the capacity of small knife, used for CNC lathe and drill press on. Because the location of fixed knife, ATC completed action by the spindle without manipulator. The cutter knife is generally the turret combination turret with a combination of the disc cutter knife and the chain combination. Every single knife the knife certificates of smaller, faster tool change. There are also some intensive drum wheel, and the lattice-type magazine for the knife, the knife-intensive though. Small footprint, but because of structural constraints, basically not used for single processing center, the concentration used for FMS for the knife system.
1.4 Tool storage capacity
Tool storage capacity of the first to consider the needs of processing, from the use of point of view, generally 10 to 40 knives, knife will be the utilization of the high, and the structure is compact.
1.5 Tool options
(1) choose to order processing tool according to the order, followed Add to the knife every knife in the Block. Each tool change, the order of rotation of a cutter knife on location, and remove the need knives, has been used by the cutter knife can be returned to the original Block, can also order Add Block, a knife. However, as the knife in the tool in different processes can not be repeated use of the knife must increase the capacity and lower utilization rate.
(2) most of the arbitrary choice of the current system of using arbitrary NC election knives, divided into Daotao coding, coding and memory-cutter, three. Daotao coding tool code or knives or Daotao need to install the code used to identify, in accordance with the general principle of binary coding coding. Tool knife election coding method uses a special knife handle structure, and each of the coding tool. Each of the tool has its own code, thereby cutting tool can be in different processes repeatedly used, not to replace the tool back at the original knife, the knife capacity can be reduced accordingly. Memory-election this paper knife, in this way can knives and knife in the position corresponding to the Daotao memory of the PLC in the NC system, no matter which tool on the Inner knife, tool information is always there in mind, PLC . On the knife with position detection devices, will be the location of each Daotao. This tool can be removed and sent back to arbitrary. On the knife is also a mechanical origin, every election, the nearest knife selection.
1.6. Control of the knife
(1) the knife as a system to control the positioning axis. In the ladder diagram in accordance with the instructions for computing T code comparison of the output angle and speed of instructions to the knife the knife servo drive servo motor. Tool storage capacity, rotation speed, and / deceleration time, and other system parameters can be set in such a manner free from any outside influence positioning accurate and reliable but the cost is higher.
(2) knife from the hydraulic motor drives, fast / slow the points, with proximity switches count and positioning. In comparison ladder diagram of the current storage system knife (knife spindle) and goals knife (pre-knife) and computing, then output rotation instructions, judging by the shortest path rotation in place. This approach requires sufficient hydraulic power and electromagnetic valve knife the rotational speed can be adjusted through the throttle. But over time may be oily hydraulic, oil temperature and environmental factors impact the change in velocity and accuracy. Not generally used in large and medium-sized machine tool change frequently.
(3) the knife from AC asynchronous motor driven cam mechanism (Markov institutions), with proximity switches count, which means stable operation, and generally accurate and reliable positioning cam used in conjunction with a mechanical hand, ATC fast-positioning.
2. ATC, the main types, characteristics, and the scope of application
2.1 Auto Rotary Tool
Rotary Tool automatically on the use of CNC machine tool is a simple installation of automatic tool change, the Quartet and 47.60 Turret Tool various forms, such as rotary turret were installed on four, six or more of the Tool , NC instructions by ATC. Rotary Tool has two vertical and horizontal, relatively simple structure, applicable to economic CNC lathe.
Rotary Tool in the structure must have good strength and stiffness, resistance to bear rough Cutting Tool in the cutting force and reduce the role of deformation and improve processing accuracy. Rotating Tool to choose reliable positioning programme structure and reasonable position, in order to ensure that each rotary turret to a higher position after repeated positioning accuracy (typically 0.001 to 0.005mm). Figure 2.1 shows the spiral movements of the Quartet Turret.
Auto Rotary Tool in the simplest of ATC, is 180 o rotary ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.2 ATC instructions received, the machine control system put ATC spindle control to the designated location at the same time, the tool movement to the appropriate location, ATC, with the rotary axis and at the same time, the knives matching tool; drawbars from Spindle Cutting Tools rip, ATC, will be the tool from their position removed; ATC, 180 o rotary tool spindle and the tool and tool away; ATC, the Rotary At the same time, the tool refocusing its position to accept Spindle removed from the cutting tool; Next, ATC, will be replaced with the cutter knives were unloaded into the spindle and tool: Finally, back to the original ATC, "standby" position. At this point, ATC completed procedures to continue to run. This ATC, the main advantage of simple structure, the less movement, fast tool change. The main disadvantage is that knives must be kept in parallel with the axis of the plane, and after the home side compared to the tool, chip and liquid-cutting knife into the folder, it is necessary to the tool plus protection. Cone knife folder on the chip will cause ATC error, or even damage knife folders, and the possibility of spindle. Some processing centre at the transfer, and the tool side. When the ATC command is called, the transfer-cutter knives will be removed, the machine go forward, and positioning with the ATC, in line with the position. 180 o "Rotary ATC devices can be used horizontal machine, can also be used for vertical machining centers.
2. 2 ATC head-turret installed
With rotating CNC machine tool often used such ATC devices, with a few turret head spindle, each with a spindle on both knives, the first tower interim process can be automatic tool change-realization. The advantage is simple structure, tool change time is short, only about 2 s. However, due to spatial constraints, the number of spindle can not be too much, usually only apply to processes less, not to high precision machine tools, such as the NC drill, such as CNC milling machine. In recent years there has been a mechanical hand and the turret head with a knife for the automatic tool change ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.3. It is in fact a turret head ATC, and the knife-ATC device combination. The principle is as follows:
5 turret on the first two tool spindle 3 and 4, when using the tool spindle 4 processing tool, the manipulator 2 will be the next step to the need for the tool does not work on the tool spindle 3 until after the completion of this process , the first rotary turret 180 o, ATC completed. ATC most of their time and processing time coincidence, the only real tool change time turret transposition of the first time, this approach mainly used for ATC and NC NC drilling file bed.
2. 3.Daidao system for the automatic tool change
Figure 2.4 shows the knife and the whole machine tool CNC machine tools for the appearance of Fig.
?Figure 2.5 shows the knife and split-type machine to the appearance of CNC machine tool plans.
At this point, knife storage capacity, a heavier tool can, and often additional transport unit to complete the knife between the spindle and cutting tool transport.
Daidao the knife from the ATC, the election knives, automatic loading and unloading machine tool and tool exchange institutions (manipulator), composed of four parts, used widely.
Tool Automatic Tool Change the manipulator system, the whole process more complicated ATC. We must first used in the processing of all installed in the standard tool on the knife handle in the machine outside the pre-size, according to a certain way Add to the knife. ATC, selected first in the knife knife, and then from ATC, from the knife from the knife or spindle, exchange, the new knife into the spindle, the old knife back into the knife.
? ATC, as the former two knives to accommodate a limited number can not be too many, can not meet the needs of complex parts machining, CNC machine tool Automatic Tool Change Daidao the use of the automatic tool change devices. The knife has more capacity, both installed in the spindle box side or above. As for the automatic tool change Daidao device CNC machine tool spindle box only a spindle, spindle components to high stiffness to meet the machining requirements. The number of establishments in larger knife, which can meet the more complex parts of the mac