5號(hào)電池充電器外殼的塑件注射模設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書+CAD】
5號(hào)電池充電器外殼的塑件注射模設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書+CAD】,說(shuō)明書+CAD,5號(hào)電池充電器外殼的塑件注射模設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書+CAD】,電池充電器,外殼,注射,設(shè)計(jì),說(shuō)明書,仿單,cad
目 錄前言摘要第一章 概論. 5第二章 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書.6第三章 產(chǎn)品零件的工藝分析 .6 第一節(jié) 塑件分析.6第二節(jié) 塑件的成型特性.7第三節(jié) 工藝參數(shù).8 第四節(jié) 塑件的工藝要求.9第四章 設(shè)備的選擇.10第五章 澆注系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì).11第一節(jié) 主流道的設(shè)計(jì).11第二節(jié) 分流道的設(shè)計(jì).12第三節(jié) 冷料穴的設(shè)計(jì).13第四節(jié) 澆口的形狀.13第六章 成型零部件的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算14第一節(jié) 凹模的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算14第二節(jié) 凸模的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算16第三節(jié) 模具的裝配工藝及零件工藝.19第七章 脫模機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì).21第一節(jié) 脫模機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)21第二節(jié) 脫模機(jī)構(gòu)的計(jì)算21第八章 合模導(dǎo)向及抽芯的設(shè)計(jì).22第九章 溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)26設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié)致謝參考資料 前 言為了能夠很好地了解本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程,根據(jù)幾年來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí),編寫了模具設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書。以滿足老師在評(píng)審的過(guò)程中能夠更好地指導(dǎo)、評(píng)閱。本說(shuō)明書主要介紹了模具設(shè)計(jì)的一般方法、步驟、模具設(shè)計(jì)的中常用的公式與數(shù)據(jù)、模具結(jié)構(gòu)及零部件等重要內(nèi)容。在塑件原材料轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樗芰现萍^(guò)程中,塑件原材料的選用、成型設(shè)備的選擇、成型模具的設(shè)計(jì)與成型工藝的的制定是塑件生產(chǎn)的四大環(huán)節(jié)。而主要環(huán)節(jié)集中在成型工藝的制定和塑料模具的設(shè)計(jì)這兩個(gè)方面。 在編寫說(shuō)明書過(guò)程中,我參考了塑料模成型工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)用注塑模設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)和模具制造工藝等有關(guān)教材。引用了有關(guān)手冊(cè)的公式及圖表,并得到了老師同學(xué)的幫助。但由于本人水平的有限,本說(shuō)明書存在一些缺點(diǎn)和錯(cuò)誤,希望老師多加指正,以達(dá)到本次設(shè)計(jì)的目的。 摘 要本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的題目是:5號(hào)電池充電器外殼的塑件注射模。本次設(shè)計(jì)主要是通過(guò)對(duì)塑件的形狀、尺寸及其精度的要求來(lái)進(jìn)行注射成型工藝的可行性分析。塑件的成型工藝性主要包括塑件的壁厚,斜度和圓角以及是否有抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)。通過(guò)以上的分析來(lái)確定模具分型面、型腔數(shù)目、澆口形式、位置大小;其中最重要的是確定型芯和型腔的結(jié)構(gòu),例如是采用整體式還是鑲拼式,以及它們的定位和固緊方式。此外還分析了模具受力,脫模機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì),合模導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì),冷卻系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)等。最后繪制完整的模具裝配總圖和主要的模具零件土及編制成型零部件的制造加工工藝過(guò)程卡片。關(guān)鍵詞:分型面、澆口、型腔,型芯,鑲塊,脫摸力。AbstractThis graduate that design is:The piece that shout the on board cap injects the mold.This design primarily passeses to piece viability assessment for request for of shape, size and its accuracy coming proceeding injecting type craft.the piece the wall for of type craft primarily including the piece is thick, slope and circle angle and whether to have core-pulling or not mechanism.Pass the above analysis to come the certain molding tool cent the type the surface, type the number, gate the form, place the size;The among them and most important is a certain type core and the construction of the type , for example adopt the whole the type of type still , and their fixed position and tight way of .In addition and still analyzed the molding tool to suffer force, mold that design that the design of the pattern draw mechanism, match the design etc. to lead to the mechanism, cooling system.Finally draw the production that complete molding tool assemble the general drawing sum the soil and establishment of prinipal molding tool parts type zero the parts process the craft process the card.Key words: parting line,the gate, slide block, heel block, core-pulling, core-pulling distance, gate.第一章 概 論模具是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的重要工藝裝備模具工業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)各部門發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)之一。塑料模具是指用于成型塑料制件的模具,它是型腔模的一種類型。模具設(shè)計(jì)水平的高低、加工設(shè)備的好壞、制造力量的強(qiáng)弱模具質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣,直接影響著許多新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)和老產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代,影響著產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的提高。在現(xiàn)代塑料制件的生產(chǎn)中,采用合理的加工工藝,高效設(shè)備,先進(jìn)的模具。塑料成型技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是:一、 模具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。在本次設(shè)計(jì)中,采用中小型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)注模架,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)向元件,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模板等。二、 模具加工技術(shù)的革新。三、 各種新材料的研制和應(yīng)用。四、 CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。塑料成型加工技術(shù)發(fā)展很快,塑料模具的各種結(jié)構(gòu)也在不斷創(chuàng)新,所以我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)模具設(shè)計(jì)與成型工藝的同時(shí)還要了解塑料模具的新技術(shù)、新工藝、新材料的發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)。學(xué)習(xí)和掌握新知識(shí),為振興我國(guó)的塑料成型加工技術(shù)做出貢獻(xiàn)。第二章 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書一 設(shè)計(jì)題目本次設(shè)計(jì)的題目是5號(hào)電池充電器外殼的注射模設(shè)計(jì)。二 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書1 一套產(chǎn)品零件圖;2 模具總裝配圖一張(A1圖紙);3 所有非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件圖紙;4 模具主要成型零件的加工工藝(凹模、凸模、 型芯);5 說(shuō)明書一份。說(shuō)明:所有圖紙和說(shuō)明書一律用計(jì)算機(jī)打印,嚴(yán)格按照要求完成設(shè)計(jì)。第三章 產(chǎn)品零件的工藝分析第一節(jié) 塑件分析初步了解畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容5號(hào)電池充電器外殼。分析零件的產(chǎn)品圖,研究其尺寸、公差、技術(shù)要求等。初步擬訂設(shè)計(jì)方案。此產(chǎn)品是充電器外殼,所以在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要注意其表面的粗糙度,要使表面光滑,達(dá)到效果。零件采用三向側(cè)抽芯成型。塑件的尺寸精度要求一般。由于塑件表面光滑度較高,因此塑件采用潛伏澆口。此塑件的零件圖如下圖(11) 圖()第二節(jié)塑件的成型特性一對(duì)零件的分析得塑件材料取ABS(丙烯腈-丁二-苯乙烯共聚物)。二的基本特性ABS良好的綜合力學(xué)性能,耐化學(xué)腐蝕性及表面硬度、韌性強(qiáng),有良好的加工性和染色性能。ABS無(wú)毒、無(wú)味、呈微黃色,成型的塑件有較好的光澤;有極好的抗沖擊強(qiáng)度,且在低溫的情況下也不迅速下降。有良好的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度和一定的耐磨性、耐寒性、耐油性、耐水性、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性和電氣性能。ABS有一定的硬度和尺寸穩(wěn)定性,易于成型加工。其缺點(diǎn)是耐熱性不高,連續(xù)工作溫度為70左右,熱變形溫度約為93左右。耐氣候性差,在紫外線作用下易變硬發(fā)脆。ABS在升溫是粘度增高,所以成型壓力較高,塑料上的脫模斜度宜稍大;ABS易吸水,成型加工前應(yīng)進(jìn)行干燥處理;易產(chǎn)生熔接痕,模具設(shè)計(jì)是應(yīng)注意盡量減小澆注系統(tǒng)對(duì)料流的阻力;在正常的成型條件下,壁厚、熔料溫度及收縮率影響極小。要求塑件精度高時(shí),模具溫度可控制在5060,要求塑件光澤和耐熱時(shí),應(yīng)控制在6080。 第三節(jié)工藝參數(shù)ABS的工藝參數(shù)如下表:塑料性能ABS(苯乙烯共聚)塑料性能ABS(苯乙烯共聚)屈服強(qiáng)度 /Mpa50玻璃化溫度 /拉伸強(qiáng)度 /Mpa38熔點(diǎn)(粘流溫度) /130160斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率 /%35熱變形溫度/45 N/cm108 N/cm90108拉伸彈性模量 /Gpa1.883103彎曲強(qiáng)度 /Mpa80線膨脹系數(shù)/(105/)7.0彎曲彈性模量 /Gpa1.4比熱容/J/(kgK)1470簡(jiǎn)支架沖擊強(qiáng)度/(kJ/m) 頁(yè):9無(wú)缺口缺口261熱導(dǎo)率/W/(mK)0.26311燃燒性/(cm/min)慢布氏硬度HBS9.7 R121體積電阻/cm6.910密度/(g/cm)1.021.16擊穿電壓/(Kv/mm)比體積/(cm/g)1.021.16成型收縮率/%0.40.7吸水性 /% (24h) 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間0.20.4拉伸模量E/101.911.98泊松比0.38透明度或透光率不透明與鋼的摩擦因子f0.200.25注意:ABS為無(wú)定性料,流動(dòng)性中等,吸濕性大,加工前必須充分干燥。第四節(jié)塑件的工藝要求此塑件是5號(hào)電池充電器外殼,顧名思義對(duì)其表面光滑度要求較高。設(shè)計(jì)出的產(chǎn)品不能采用中心澆口,表面凹凸不平等缺陷。塑件的尺寸精度由零件圖得到。它是指所獲得的塑件尺寸與產(chǎn)品圖中尺寸的符合程度。所以在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)注意模具的制造精度和模具的磨損程度。塑件收縮率的波動(dòng)以及成型時(shí)工藝條件的變化,模具結(jié)構(gòu)形狀等。零件圖中的配合螺紋柱0+0.14,長(zhǎng)短柱長(zhǎng)度方向尺寸為500.20 ,270.16分別屬于四級(jí)精度、三級(jí)精度、三級(jí)精度。在圖中未注公差的尺寸按公差等級(jí)IT5計(jì)算。塑件表面粗糙度要求為Ra1.6um。塑件內(nèi)外表面應(yīng)有利于成型。此塑件表面有三個(gè)內(nèi)孔。所以采用定模三向抽芯,為了便塑件型腔中脫出,抽出型芯,使塑件內(nèi)外表面脫模方向留有30和50的脫模斜度。第四章 設(shè)備的選擇 一、此塑件采用臥式ZY60/450型號(hào)注射機(jī),其主要的技術(shù)規(guī)格如下表:項(xiàng)目ZY-60/450(臥式)項(xiàng)目ZY-60/450(臥式)理論注射量 /cm105模板行程/mm220螺桿(柱塞)直徑/mm35最大模具厚度/mm300注射壓力 /MPa170最小模具厚度/mm100鎖模力 /kN900噴嘴球半徑/mm10拉桿內(nèi)間距 /mm280x250噴嘴口半徑/mm2.5頂出兩側(cè)孔徑/mm22定位孔直徑/mm55二、注射機(jī)的參數(shù)校核:1、注射量校核:為了保證制品質(zhì)量,又能充分發(fā)揮設(shè)備能力,注射機(jī)的最大注射量是額定注射量的80。即下式: m件0.8m注式中:件塑件與澆注系統(tǒng)的重量(g) 件注射機(jī)的額定注射量(g) 件=件 =21625.31.0110-3 =21.84經(jīng)計(jì)算 件0.8注。所以選擇合理。2、注射壓力的校核:注射機(jī)的注射壓力必須大于成型制品所需的注射壓力。注射壓力取決于注射機(jī)類型、噴嘴形式、塑料流動(dòng)性和型腔的流動(dòng)阻力等因素。ABS的流動(dòng)性比較差,所以應(yīng)取大一些注射壓力,所需注射壓力取120Mpa3、鎖模力校核: F鎖腔/1000式中:鎖鎖模力() 腔型腔壓力(MPa) 塑件及流道系統(tǒng)在分型面上的投影面積(mm2) F鎖腔/1000=304998/1000=149.94 KN取鎖=150 KN4、模具安裝尺寸校核:(1) 噴嘴尺寸 注射模主流道襯套始端凹坑的球面半徑尺寸應(yīng)大于注塑噴嘴球半徑r,以保證同心和緊密接觸,通常=r+(0.5-1)=11 mm。主流道孔小端直徑應(yīng)大于注塑機(jī)噴嘴直徑,通常取=+(0.51)mm=3 mm. 二 模具外形尺寸 (1)模具長(zhǎng)寬尺寸應(yīng)與注射機(jī)的拉桿間距相適應(yīng),以保證能從一個(gè)方向穿過(guò)拉桿間的空間安裝在注射機(jī)上。(2) 模具厚度注射模的厚度必須在所選注塑機(jī)的最大模厚到最小模厚之間,所以取模具厚度為228 mm,采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架2型,即長(zhǎng)寬為250200。(3) 開模行程的校核開模取出塑件所需的開模距離必須小于注塑機(jī)的最大開模行程。此塑件采用單分型面注射模,所以開模行程按下式校核,如下圖(44所示。 SH1+H2+H3+(510) 式中 注塑機(jī)的最大開模行程(mm)H1塑件脫出距離(mm) H2包括流道凝料在內(nèi)的塑件高度(mm) H3側(cè)抽芯距離(mm) 26+26+6+8=66(mm)取=70(mm)第五章 澆注系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)第一節(jié) 主流道的設(shè)計(jì) 一 噴嘴形狀主流道是連接注射機(jī)的噴嘴與分流道通道斷面為圓形,且?guī)в幸欢ǖ腻F度,如圖所示。 1澆口套 2機(jī)床噴嘴二 在設(shè)計(jì)主流道時(shí)有如下要點(diǎn):1、 為便于從主流道中拉出澆注系統(tǒng)的凝料及考慮塑料熔體的膨脹,將主流道設(shè)計(jì)成圓錐形,其錐角=30,內(nèi)壁粗糙度為Ra0.63 um.2、 主流道大端呈圓角,其半徑取r=2 mm,以減少料流轉(zhuǎn)向過(guò)度時(shí)的阻力。3、 在保證塑件成型良好的情況下,主流道的長(zhǎng)度盡量短,取=25mm4、 為了使熔融塑料從噴嘴完全進(jìn)入主流道而不溢出,應(yīng)使主流道與注射機(jī)的噴嘴緊密對(duì)接,主流道對(duì)接處設(shè)計(jì)成半球形凹坑,其半徑2=1+(12) mm=11 mm,流道直徑D=d+(0.51) mm=4.5 mm.凹坑深度取3.5 mm第二節(jié) 分流道的設(shè)計(jì) 分流道是主流道與澆口之間的通道,一般設(shè)計(jì)在分型面上,起分流和轉(zhuǎn)向作用。分流道的長(zhǎng)度和斷面尺寸:分流道的長(zhǎng)度取決于模具型腔的總體布置方案和澆口位置。從輸送熔體時(shí)減少壓力和熱量損失及減少澆道凝料的要求出發(fā),取分流道長(zhǎng)度l=21 mm.分流道斷面尺寸應(yīng)根據(jù)塑件的成型體積、塑件壁厚、塑件形狀、所用塑料的工藝性能、注射速率和分流道的長(zhǎng)度等因素來(lái)決定。所以取斷面直徑=5.5 mm 1 分流道斷面形狀:常用的分流道截面形狀有圓形、矩形、梯形、字形和六角形等,當(dāng)分型面為平面時(shí),采用圓形。2 分流道的布置:分流道的布置取決于型腔的布局,兩者相互影響,分流道的布置形式分為平衡式和非平衡式兩種,這里采用平衡式布置分流道。如上圖。第三節(jié) 冷料穴的設(shè)計(jì) 冷料穴一般位于主流道對(duì)面的動(dòng)模板上,或處于分流道的末端。其作用是存放料流前端的“冷料”,防止冷料進(jìn)入型腔而形成冷接縫。開模時(shí)又能將主流道中的凝料拉出。采用與推桿匹配的冷料穴。冷料穴的形狀為字形,其結(jié)構(gòu)如右圖。第四節(jié) 澆口的形狀澆口是連接分流道與型腔的一段細(xì)短通道,它是下圖。澆注系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部分,澆口形狀、數(shù)量、尺寸和位置對(duì)塑件的質(zhì)量影響很大。澆口主要有兩個(gè)作用:一是塑料熔體流徑的通道;二是澆口的適時(shí)凝固可控制保壓時(shí)間。所以成型此塑件時(shí)采用潛伏澆口。潛伏澆口一般開設(shè)在推桿上,從塑件的內(nèi)側(cè)面進(jìn)料。側(cè)澆口是典型的圓形截面澆口,能方便地調(diào)整充模時(shí)的剪切速度和澆口封閉時(shí)間。潛伏澆口的特點(diǎn)是澆口截面形較復(fù)雜;加工方便;能對(duì)澆口尺寸進(jìn)行精密加工;澆口位置選擇比較靈活;以便改善充模狀況;去除澆口方便,表面無(wú)痕跡。 第六章 成型零部件的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算成型零件工作尺寸是指成型零件上直接用來(lái)構(gòu)成塑件的尺寸,主要有型腔和型芯的徑向尺寸(包括矩形和異形零件的長(zhǎng)和寬),型腔的深度尺寸和型芯的高度尺寸,型芯和型芯之間的位置尺寸等任何塑料之間都有一定的幾何形狀和尺寸的要求,如在使用中有配合要求的尺寸,則精度要求較高。在模具設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)塑件的尺寸精度等級(jí)確定模具成型零件的工作尺寸及精度等級(jí)。第一節(jié) 凹模的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算一 型腔的徑向尺寸和深度尺寸(一)、型腔徑向尺寸的計(jì)算:L+z =(1+Scp)LS-3/4+z L凹模徑向尺寸(mm)LS塑件徑向公稱尺寸(mm)Scp塑料的平均收縮率()塑件公差值(mm)z 凹模制造公差(mm)查1表得:ABS的收縮率為0.40.7。則塑料的平均收縮率Scp =0.5%由:LS1=51 mm Ls2=98 mm 又查表知IT3級(jí)精度時(shí)塑件公差值 1= 0.22mm 2= 0.30 mm實(shí)踐證明:成型零件的制造公差約占塑件總公差的1/31/4,因此在確定成型零件工作尺寸公差值時(shí)可取塑件公差的1/31/4。為了保持較高精度選1/4。由于: z= 1/4 得: z1=1/40.22=0.05 mm z2=1/40.30=0.08 mm則: L1+z=(1+Scp)LS-3/4+z =(1+0.5%)51-3/40.22+0.05 =51.09+0.05 mm L2+z=(1+Scp)LS-3/4+z =(1+0.5%)98-3/40.30+0.08=98.27+0.03 mm(二)、型腔深度尺寸的計(jì)算:凹模深度尺寸同樣運(yùn)用平均收縮率法: H+z =(1+Scp)LS-2/3+ zH凹模深度尺寸(mm)z凹模深度制造公差(mm)其余符號(hào)同上由:HS1=26 mm HS2=23 mm 取IT3精度時(shí)1=0.16 mm 2=0.14 mm 由z=1/4得: z1=0.04 mm z1=0.03 mm則:H1+z =(1+Scp)LS-2/3+z =(1+0.5%)26-2/30.16+0.04 =26.02 +0.04 mmH2+z =(1+Scp)LS-2/3+z =(1+0.5%)23-2/30.14+0.03 =23.02 +0.03 mm第二節(jié) 凸模的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算一 型芯的徑向尺寸、高度尺寸和中心距尺寸(一) 型芯徑向尺寸的計(jì)算運(yùn)用平均收縮率法:Lz =(1+Scp)LS+3/4 zL 型芯徑向尺寸(mm)z 型芯徑向制造公差(mm)其余符號(hào)同上由:LS1=94mm LS2=47 mm 取IT3精度時(shí)1=0.30 mm 2=0.20 mm由z=1/4得:z1=0.08 mm z2= 0.05 mm 則:L1z =(1+Scp)LS+3/4z =(1+0.5%)94+3/40.300.08 =94.550.08 mmL2z =(1+Scp)LS+3/4z =(1+0.5%)47+3/40.200.05 =47.390.05 mm(二) 型芯高度尺寸的計(jì)算運(yùn)用平均收縮率法: Hz =(1+Scp)LS+2/3zH型芯高度尺寸(mm)z型芯高度制造公差(mm)其余符號(hào)同上由:H1=2 mm H2=8 mm H3=20 mm H4=24 mm 取IT3精度時(shí) 1=0.08 mm 2=0.10 mm 3=0.14 mm 4=0.14 mm由z=1/4得:z1=0.02 mm z2=0.03 mm z3=0.04 mm z4=0.04 mm則:H1z =(1+Scp)LS+2/3z =(1+0.5%)2+2/30.080.02 =2.060.02 mmH2z =(1+Scp)LS+2/3z =(1+0.5%)8+2/30.100.03 =8.11 0.03 mmH3z =(1+Scp)LS+2/3z =(1+0.5%)20+2/30.140.04 =20.190.04 mmH4z =(1+Scp)LS+2/3z =(1+0.5%)24+2/30.140.04 =24.210.04 mm(三) 型芯中心距尺寸的計(jì)算同樣運(yùn)用平均收縮率法: z/2=(1+Scp)LSz/2模具中心距尺寸(mm)模具中心矩尺寸(mm)z模具中心矩尺寸制造公差(mm)其余符號(hào)同上由: LS1=13 mm LS2=46 mm LS3=50 mm LS4=40 mm 取IT3精度時(shí):1=0.13 mm 2=0.20 mm 3=0.20 mm 4=0.20 mm 由z=1/4得:z1=0.03 mm z2=0.05 mm z3=0.05 mm z4=0.05 mmL1 z/2=(1+Scp)LS z/2 =(1+0.5%)130.02 =13.07 0.02 mmL2 z/2=(1+Scp)LS z/2 =(1+0.5%)460.03 =46.23 0.05 mmL3 z/2=(1+Scp)LS z/2 =(1+0.5%)500.03 =50.250.03 mmL3 z/2=(1+Scp)LS z/2 =(1+0.5%)400.03 =40.20.03 mm第三節(jié) 模具的裝配工藝及零件工藝一 模具的裝配工藝 (一) 注射模裝配的主要要求如下:1、模具上下平面的平行度偏差不大于0.05mm,分模面處密合。2、推件時(shí)推桿和卸料板動(dòng)作要保持同步。3、上、下模型芯必須精密接觸。(二) 模具的裝配順序塑件的結(jié)構(gòu)形狀是型芯、型腔在合模后很難找正相對(duì)位置,模具還設(shè)有斜滑塊機(jī)構(gòu),所以,模具要先裝號(hào)導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套作為模具的裝配基準(zhǔn)。(1) 凸模和型芯的裝配 凸模鑲塊采用埋入式結(jié)構(gòu),并采用過(guò)渡配合的方式連接。 小型芯也采用壓入式結(jié)構(gòu), 采用過(guò)渡配合的方式連接。(2) 型腔的裝配 為了節(jié)省模具鋼,型腔采用鑲拼式結(jié)構(gòu),過(guò)渡方式配合,用螺釘和固定板緊固。二 模具零件的裝配工藝模具精度是影響塑料成型件精度的重要因素之一。為了保證模具精度,制造時(shí)要達(dá)到如下要求:一 塑料模具的所有零件,在材料、加工精度和熱處理質(zhì)量等方面均應(yīng)符合相應(yīng)圖樣的要求。1 組成模架的零件應(yīng)達(dá)到規(guī)定的加工要求,裝配成套的模架應(yīng)活動(dòng)自如,并達(dá)到規(guī)定的平行度和垂直度等要求。1、 模具的功能必須達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求。 4、為了鑒別塑料成型件的質(zhì)量,裝配好的模具必須在生產(chǎn)條件下試模很大,并根據(jù)試模存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行修整,直至試出合格的成型件為止。二 定模鑲塊的加工型腔的形狀往往比較復(fù)雜,而且要求尺寸精度高和表面粗糙度小,所以型腔的加工程序?yàn)椋恒娂庸?平面磨削-熱處理-電火花加工-電火花穿孔-鉆孔-線切割-電鍍 三 滑塊的加工 加工程序:銑加工-平面磨削-熱處理-平面磨削-鉆孔-鏜-研磨拋光四 動(dòng)模鑲塊的加工 加工程序: 銑加工-平面磨削-熱處理-電火花加工-平面磨削-鉆孔-研磨拋光三 模具的試模與維修 一 模具的試模試模前,對(duì)模具進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的檢查,在試模過(guò)程中應(yīng)作詳細(xì)的記錄觀察模具是否合格,有什么問(wèn)題存在。試模后,將模具情理干凈,涂上防銹油。二 模具的維修模具在使用過(guò)程中,會(huì)產(chǎn)生正常的磨損或不正常的損壞。不正常的磨損絕大多數(shù)是由于操作不當(dāng)所致,這是并不需要將整個(gè)模具報(bào)廢,只需局部修復(fù)即可。局部修復(fù)應(yīng)由專門的模具工進(jìn)行。修模以前,應(yīng)研究模具圖樣,以了解模具結(jié)構(gòu)、材料和熱處理狀態(tài)。對(duì)于零件損壞的,可將壞的拆下,另外加工一個(gè)新的零件裝上。型腔打缺的,當(dāng)其未經(jīng)熱處理硬化時(shí),可用銅焊或鑲嵌的方法來(lái)修復(fù)。模具應(yīng)注意經(jīng)常檢查維修,不要等到損壞嚴(yán)重了才來(lái)修復(fù)。第七章 脫模機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) 第一節(jié) 脫模機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)一 在注射成型完之后,塑件要從模具的型腔或型芯上脫出。此塑件脫模時(shí)采用推桿推出機(jī)構(gòu)。為了不使塑件產(chǎn)生變形或破壞,應(yīng)該合理布置推桿位置,布置推桿時(shí)有如下要點(diǎn):1、 推桿應(yīng)設(shè)在脫模阻力大的地方。2、 推桿應(yīng)均勻布置。3、 推桿應(yīng)設(shè)在塑件強(qiáng)度、剛度較大處。推桿直徑采用5,截面為圓形,尾部采用臺(tái)肩的形式。推桿直徑d與模板上的推桿孔采用8/f7間隙配合。推桿固定端與推桿固定板通常采用單邊0.5mm的間隙。推桿材料采用8,經(jīng)淬火處理,硬度為HRC5458。第二節(jié) 脫模機(jī)構(gòu)的計(jì)算 此塑件屬于薄壁殼體形塑件,斷面為矩環(huán)形,所以脫模力按下式計(jì)算: =8tLCoS(f-tg)/(1-u)K1式中 塑料的拉伸模量(MPa) 取=1.8103 塑料成型平均收縮率 取0.5%t塑件的平均壁厚(mm) 取2.8 L塑件包容型芯的長(zhǎng)度(mm) 取66.4 u 塑件的泊松比 取0.38脫模斜度 取30 f 塑料與鋼材之間的摩擦因數(shù) 取0.38 K1 由f和決定的因次數(shù) 取0.22 K1 =1+fSinCoS=1.006將數(shù)據(jù)代入公式中得1=8.26 KN由L2=26 mm 得 2=5.32 KN塑件壁厚與其內(nèi)孔長(zhǎng)度之比大于1/20時(shí),采用如下公式: =2(a+b)EL(f-tg)/(1+u+K2)K1式中 a矩形型腔的短邊長(zhǎng)度(mm) 取51b矩形型腔的長(zhǎng)邊長(zhǎng)度(mm) 取98K2由(=r/)和決定的因次數(shù) K2=22/CoS2+2CoS=1.63將以上數(shù)據(jù)代入公式中得 3=9.48 KN 第八章 合模導(dǎo)向及抽芯的設(shè)計(jì) 一 合模導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)模導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)是保證動(dòng)定模合模時(shí),正確定位和導(dǎo)向零件。合模導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)主要有導(dǎo)柱導(dǎo)向和錐面定位兩種形式。在此采用導(dǎo)柱導(dǎo)向定位。導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)有如下作用:1、定位作用2、導(dǎo)向作用。導(dǎo)柱導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)的主要零件是導(dǎo)柱和導(dǎo)套。在此模具中采用直徑16的導(dǎo)柱,材料是T8A鋼,經(jīng)淬火處理,硬度為HRC50-55。導(dǎo)柱固定部分表面粗糙度Ra為0.8um,導(dǎo)向部分表面粗糙度Ra為0.80.4um。采用4個(gè)等直徑的導(dǎo)柱對(duì)稱布置。如右圖所示。導(dǎo)柱固定端與模板之間一般采用7/m6過(guò)渡配合,導(dǎo)柱的導(dǎo)向部分通常 采用7/f7間隙配合。在此模具中采用帶頭導(dǎo)套,直徑35,材料與導(dǎo)柱材料相同,此導(dǎo)套用7/m6配合,鑲?cè)攵0鍍?nèi),并且采用中小型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架。 二 側(cè)抽芯機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)注射機(jī)采用斜導(dǎo)柱側(cè)向分型與抽芯機(jī)構(gòu),如圖所示。 (一)、抽芯距的確定為了安全起見(jiàn),側(cè)向抽芯距離通常比塑件上的側(cè)孔的深度為2mm即抽芯距S=3mm。(二),抽芯力得計(jì)算抽芯力得計(jì)算同脫模力計(jì)算相同。對(duì)于側(cè)向凸起較小的塑件的抽芯力往往是比較小的,僅僅是克服塑件與側(cè)型腔的粘附力和側(cè)型腔滑塊移動(dòng)時(shí)的摩擦力。對(duì)于側(cè)型芯的抽芯力,往往采用如下的公式進(jìn)行估算:Fc=chp(Cos-Sin)式中 Fc-抽芯力(N);c-側(cè)型芯成型部分的截面平均周長(zhǎng)(m) ;h-側(cè)型芯成型部份的高度(m) ;p-塑件對(duì)側(cè)型芯的收縮力(包緊力),其值與塑件的幾何形狀及塑料的品種、成型工藝有關(guān),一般情況下模內(nèi)冷卻的塑件,p=(0.81.2)Pa;-塑件在熱狀態(tài)時(shí)對(duì)鋼的模擦系數(shù),一般=0.150.20;-側(cè)型芯的脫模斜度或傾斜角()。將數(shù)據(jù)代入公式中得 Fc =7.85x1x1x107x(0.2xCos200-Sin200)=0.46 KN(三)、斜導(dǎo)柱的設(shè)計(jì)取斜導(dǎo)柱的工作端部設(shè)計(jì)成錐臺(tái)形,錐臺(tái)的斜角為17。斜導(dǎo)柱與其固定的模板之間采用過(guò)渡配合H7/m6。由于斜導(dǎo)柱在工作過(guò)程中主要用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)側(cè)滑塊作往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),側(cè)滑塊運(yùn)動(dòng)的平穩(wěn)性由導(dǎo)滑槽與滑塊之間的配合精度保證,而核模時(shí)滑塊的最終準(zhǔn)確位置由楔緊塊決定,因此,為了運(yùn)動(dòng)的靈活,滑塊上斜導(dǎo)孔與斜導(dǎo)柱之間可以采用較松的間隙配合H11/b11,或者兩者之間保留0.51mm的間隙。由于抽芯距較小,取斜導(dǎo)柱傾斜角取20由此計(jì)算斜導(dǎo)柱下列尺寸:1、 斜導(dǎo)柱的工作長(zhǎng)度L=S/Sin=3/Sin20=8.77mm2、 與抽芯距S對(duì)應(yīng)的開模據(jù)H=SCtg=3Ctg20=8.24mm3、 斜導(dǎo)柱的長(zhǎng)度計(jì)算Lz=L1+L2+L3+L4+L5=d2/2tg+h/Cos+d/2tg+S/Sin+510mm= 80mm4、 斜導(dǎo)柱的直徑d=(FwLw/0.1w)=10mm考慮到滑塊的摩擦力且結(jié)構(gòu)允許,取d=12 mm(四)、側(cè)滑塊與導(dǎo)滑槽的設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)模具結(jié)構(gòu)靈活性,且側(cè)型芯在摩損后可以更換的情況下,滑塊的結(jié)構(gòu)形狀為組合式,滑塊與側(cè)型芯聯(lián)接方式為:小型芯在非成型端尺寸放大后用H7/m6的配合鑲?cè)牖瑝K,然后用一個(gè)圓柱銷定位,滑塊上放小型芯的孔為直通孔。成型滑塊在側(cè)向分型抽芯和往復(fù)過(guò)程中,要求其必須沿一定的方向平移地往復(fù)移動(dòng),這一過(guò)程在導(dǎo)滑槽內(nèi)完成的。根據(jù)模具結(jié)構(gòu)的具體要求,滑塊與導(dǎo)滑槽的配合采用T形槽,T形槽采用壓嵌式式,即在中間板上制出T形臺(tái)肩的導(dǎo)滑部分。(五)、楔緊塊的設(shè)計(jì)在注射成型過(guò)程中,側(cè)向成型零件受到容融料很大的推力作用,這個(gè)力通過(guò)滑塊傳給斜導(dǎo)柱,而一般的斜導(dǎo)柱為一細(xì)長(zhǎng)桿件,受力后容易變形,導(dǎo)致滑塊后移,因此必須設(shè)置楔緊塊,以便在和模后鎖住滑塊,承受熔融塑料給予側(cè)向成型零件的推力。楔緊塊與模具的聯(lián)接方式是把楔緊塊用H7/n6配合整體鑲?cè)肽0逯墟i緊角為22(六)、二次分型限位裝置的設(shè)計(jì)限位裝置在開模過(guò)程中用來(lái)保證二次分型。采用限位螺釘來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。用擺鉤等裝置來(lái)緊固動(dòng)定模, 實(shí)現(xiàn)定模抽芯的動(dòng)作。(七)、滑塊的精確導(dǎo)向滑塊的精確導(dǎo)向形式為:斜導(dǎo)柱與斜孔近側(cè)型芯一側(cè)的配合處一定要有0.5mm以上的孔隙,決不允許在模具閉合時(shí)斜導(dǎo)柱和滑塊之間有碰撞現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生。第九章 溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)在設(shè)計(jì)冷卻系統(tǒng)時(shí),應(yīng)注意以下原則: 1 冷卻水道應(yīng)盡量多,截面尺寸應(yīng)盡量大。 2 冷卻水道至型腔表面距離應(yīng)盡量相等,此塑件壁厚相等,所以冷卻水道到型腔表面距離相等,且距離應(yīng)在2025 mm,這里取25mm。 3、澆口處加強(qiáng)冷卻。塑料熔體充填型腔時(shí),澆口附近溫度最高,所以要加強(qiáng)冷卻澆口。 4、冷卻水道出入口溫差應(yīng)最小,盡量縮短冷卻水道長(zhǎng)度,降低出入口冷卻水的溫差,提高冷卻效果。5、冷卻水道應(yīng)沿著塑料收縮的方向設(shè)置,此外,在設(shè)計(jì)冷卻水道時(shí)還要避免塑料的熔融部位,以免產(chǎn)生熔接痕,并且還要易于清理,冷卻水道孔徑取10 mm。定出裝置在模具內(nèi)往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),除滑動(dòng)配合外其余部分處于浮動(dòng)狀態(tài),頂出板和頂出固定板的重量不應(yīng)作用在推桿上,而應(yīng)由頂出系統(tǒng)的導(dǎo)向零件來(lái)支撐,此注射模增設(shè)導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)向,這樣兩根導(dǎo)柱可起支撐作用,防止支承板變形彎曲。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架概述本次設(shè)計(jì)采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架 (P1型) 模架的基本特點(diǎn): 名稱 長(zhǎng)度 寬度 厚度定模座板 250 250 25定模板 250 200 40中間板 250 200 25 動(dòng)模板 250 200 25墊塊 250 32 63動(dòng)模座板 250 250 25推板 250 118 16 推桿固定板 250 118 12.5總 結(jié)經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)月的時(shí)間,我完成了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。在這短短的一個(gè)月內(nèi),我學(xué)到了很多東西,可說(shuō)是受益非淺。雖說(shuō)是短短的一個(gè)月,但我認(rèn)為通過(guò)實(shí)踐所得比從書本上學(xué)到的東西要有價(jià)值的多。通過(guò)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)使我真正做到了理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際。在張?jiān)评蠋熌托?、認(rèn)真的教導(dǎo)下,使我獨(dú)立地完成了這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。在此設(shè)計(jì)中我還學(xué)會(huì)了如何查閱設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè),如何對(duì)塑件的工藝分析,如何模具設(shè)計(jì)。在梁老師的帶領(lǐng)下,還看到了型腔、型芯、滑塊等各種模具零部件。這樣在我腦海里有了一個(gè)深刻的印象,不至于對(duì)模具模棱兩可。同時(shí)也清楚的看到了實(shí)踐與理論的差別。更重要的是經(jīng)過(guò)這次設(shè)計(jì),使我更加牢固、扎實(shí)的掌握了專業(yè)理論知識(shí),對(duì)我以后的學(xué)習(xí)工作上有了更大的幫助,并奠定了扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。由于本人水平有限,時(shí)間倉(cāng)促,本次設(shè)計(jì)難免有錯(cuò)誤和欠妥之處,懇請(qǐng)老師們批評(píng)指正。最后我誠(chéng)摯的感謝老師們對(duì)我的教導(dǎo)。致 謝在本次設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,我得到了老師們的指導(dǎo)和幫助,在研究過(guò)程中,同學(xué)們給了我很多獨(dú)特的見(jiàn)解和幫助。使我有了很大的進(jìn)步,在此本人一并表示誠(chéng)摯的、衷心的感謝。參 考 文 獻(xiàn)(1)屈華昌 主編, 塑料成型工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)。 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2000(2)賈潤(rùn)禮、程志遠(yuǎn) 主編, 實(shí)用注射模設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)。北京:中國(guó)輕工業(yè)出版社,2000(3)馮炳蕘、韓泰榮、蔣文森 主編, 模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造簡(jiǎn)明手冊(cè)。 上海:上??茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1998第 28 頁(yè) 共 28 頁(yè)圖書分類號(hào):密 級(jí):畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)附件外文及翻譯學(xué)生姓名學(xué)院名稱專業(yè)名稱機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化指導(dǎo)教師年5月18日 新一代注塑技術(shù) 外文出處 University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 摘要:本文介紹新一代瓶坯注塑技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)以及通過(guò)一個(gè)循環(huán)所實(shí)現(xiàn)的瓶性能。這一循環(huán)使瓶胚冷卻不再需要機(jī)械手和引出板,而是瓶胚直接在模芯上冷卻,在進(jìn)一步通過(guò)2.5 注射循環(huán)冷卻之后被頂出。這使制件的冷卻得以改進(jìn),從而大大提高了每個(gè)陰模的產(chǎn)量。從工作單元去掉機(jī)械手減少了空間需求,并大大簡(jiǎn)化了系統(tǒng)。 關(guān)鍵詞: 注塑模具設(shè)計(jì) 循環(huán)速度 1、概述 轉(zhuǎn)位瓶胚注塑技術(shù)是在Husky 注塑系統(tǒng)雙壓板機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展起來(lái)的。該系統(tǒng)有一個(gè)四面動(dòng)壓板繞橫軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。每一面配一個(gè)典型的半冷塑模。原模系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)48 陰模,從而提供192 個(gè)模芯。定壓板上裝有一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的熱流道和半陰模。 本系統(tǒng)配備一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)兩級(jí)注塑裝置,該裝置有一個(gè)120 毫米擠塑機(jī)和120 毫米注射壓料塞,注射壓料塞上有一個(gè)機(jī)筒頭和分配閥連接兩級(jí)。用目前的瓶胚設(shè)計(jì),目標(biāo)重量是47.3 克瓶胚,從而注射量為2270 克。兩42 個(gè)不同的聚對(duì)苯二甲酸乙二醇酯螺桿用于本系統(tǒng),每個(gè)都取得了可以接受的效果。 當(dāng)機(jī)器循環(huán)時(shí),塑料首先注射到A 面。由于瓶胚要留在模芯上,瓶胚在開模不需要象在傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)上那么硬。因此,循環(huán)的絕大部分冷卻可以在隨后的機(jī)器循環(huán)期間從閉模轉(zhuǎn)到在模芯上冷卻。然后循環(huán)需要一個(gè)非常短的冷卻期間以允許模具釋壓,注射和保壓也是如此。當(dāng)開模時(shí),這一面轉(zhuǎn)位到壓板的頂部表面,然后塑料在B 面注射。當(dāng)D 面到達(dá)前端時(shí),此時(shí)A 面在壓板的底部位置,頂桿在這里被啟動(dòng),瓶胚被從機(jī)器卸到制件引出傳送器上。注射行程對(duì)循環(huán)時(shí)間沒(méi)有影響,因而可以較慢地完成。重力幫助確保制件脫離模具落下。制件落在其格端頭的傳送器上,造成表面擦傷的可能性較小。 在頂部、背部和底部位置,氣沖成型系統(tǒng)對(duì)瓶胚提供表面冷卻。由于瓶胚保持在模具的模芯上,它們還容易在內(nèi)表面得到傳導(dǎo)冷卻??傮w上講,瓶胚的整體溫度比它在傳統(tǒng)模塑系統(tǒng)和冷卻引出板中呆類似的時(shí)間要冷。 2、瓶性能 我們分析轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)重要方面是拿這種系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的瓶胚制造出來(lái)的瓶的性能與傳統(tǒng)工作單元上生產(chǎn)的類似瓶胚制造出來(lái)的瓶相比較。表1 給出從進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)中得出的比較數(shù)據(jù)。 轉(zhuǎn)位瓶胚的性能在強(qiáng)度測(cè)試中一直較好,這是因?yàn)楦倪M(jìn)的澆口質(zhì)量允許材料在瓶?jī)?nèi)較好地分布,沒(méi)有跡象表明使用這種系統(tǒng)在瓶的任何地方結(jié)晶度升高。生產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)位樣品可能平均較輕,因?yàn)樗鼈兊闹亓糠植家o密得多。 3、系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn) 這種托坯最明顯的好處是需要的模內(nèi)冷卻時(shí)間減少了,從而減少了整個(gè)循環(huán)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。目前,這種系統(tǒng)用最大壁厚為4 毫米的47.3 克瓶胚工作。這種瓶胚加工循環(huán)時(shí)間測(cè)定為22.5 秒,對(duì)于一個(gè)陰模系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)是最佳的了。轉(zhuǎn)位48 陰模系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)14.2 秒的循環(huán),能取得較好的商業(yè)質(zhì)量結(jié)果。圖2 給出循環(huán)細(xì)分的比較情況。 旋轉(zhuǎn)塔臺(tái)不再需要機(jī)械手。這樣,就減少了由傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)上機(jī)械手故障造成的干擾告警和服務(wù)停機(jī)時(shí)間。制件頂出現(xiàn)在不是機(jī)械循環(huán)時(shí)間的一個(gè)因素。隨著消除機(jī)械手需要的開模間隙減少了,隨著模具行程的減少還提高了空循環(huán)速度。 系統(tǒng)的另一個(gè)好處是需要的地板面積減少,以及由于沒(méi)有機(jī)械手和引出板冷卻系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)的可靠性得以提高的潛力。預(yù)計(jì)不發(fā)生機(jī)械手故障的整個(gè)系統(tǒng)可靠性可允許系統(tǒng)可用性提高30%。轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)的地板面積只有傳統(tǒng)48 陰模系統(tǒng)所需面積的55%。與之相伴的還有每英尺地板面積的產(chǎn)量進(jìn)一步提高。 使用轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)使瓶胚的澆口質(zhì)量得到改進(jìn)。在閥澆口區(qū)冷凍之后,瓶胚在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)與閥桿的熱點(diǎn)接觸,因?yàn)槠颗咴陉幠?nèi)的冷卻時(shí)間被大大減少。去掉這一熱源就消除一個(gè)結(jié)晶源。除了較好的視覺(jué)效果,還導(dǎo)致澆口區(qū)更結(jié)實(shí),從而使得整個(gè)瓶側(cè)壁區(qū)更好,及有更多的機(jī)會(huì)減輕基礎(chǔ)區(qū)瓶胚的重量。 瓶胚留在模芯較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)瓶胚注塑系統(tǒng)相比,整個(gè)瓶胚冷卻得到改進(jìn)。在一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械手冷卻板內(nèi),制件遇到被冷卻的管表面就會(huì)收縮,這樣熱傳遞就不完美。在轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)中,制作在模芯上收縮,從而保持熱傳遞,在被頂出時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)位瓶胚的全面整體溫度比瓶胚從傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)的引出位置取出時(shí)要低。還有,對(duì)于目前的瓶胚設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)說(shuō),不向頸模圈區(qū)供應(yīng)冷卻水,在頂出時(shí)仍比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)要冷得多。對(duì)于一個(gè)典型的成型系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō),冷卻該區(qū)能限制循環(huán)。 轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)用幾種不同材料及測(cè)試的兩種不同材料和兩種不同的聚對(duì)苯二甲酸乙二醇酯螺桿設(shè)計(jì),可以看到乙醛(AA)量一直較低。與注射量相比這一循環(huán)時(shí)間對(duì)注射裝置提出非常高的要求,注射裝置連續(xù)不斷地沖刷沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)滯留時(shí)間的螺桿。 由于模具內(nèi)的峰值陰模與兩個(gè)不同的螺桿相符,并與不同的加工設(shè)置一致,乙醛量到底有多低主要原因在于模具集料管。用目前的模具可以看到的第二個(gè)好處是有非常好的重量分布,從而允許在目前制件規(guī)格的允差內(nèi)把整個(gè)制件的重量降到最低程度。 4、介紹IKB-MOULD設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)注塑模組成的分析處理分為兩部份:設(shè)計(jì)的首字母和詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì),初期的設(shè)計(jì)決定模具的組成,例如模具類型、型腔數(shù)、流道的類型、澆口類型等。詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)是型芯型腔的組成、澆注系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、冷卻和排氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、集成分析和最后的草圖。他們需要什么,分析什么是好的CAIMDS的發(fā)展方向。 他們所擁有的客戶對(duì)產(chǎn)品的要求。包括產(chǎn)品外形和詳細(xì)的尺寸。 一個(gè)已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)好的模具方案這個(gè)方案包括模具設(shè)計(jì)的初級(jí)部分和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部分舉例來(lái)說(shuō)模具設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)動(dòng)模和定模的一部分填充和頂出的一部分。注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)的行業(yè)知識(shí)等。 設(shè)計(jì)者從專業(yè)知識(shí)中得出模具設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)劃和詳細(xì)步驟這些知識(shí)包括原材料的選擇型腔型芯分型面的規(guī)劃和其他相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的介紹。 他們所想要得一個(gè)先進(jìn)的交互式模具設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境。模具設(shè)計(jì)是由一系列細(xì)小的環(huán)節(jié)組成的設(shè)計(jì)程序。這些程序通常需要將已有的模塊和制作好的模件裝配好。這些模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)不需要自動(dòng)完成尤其是對(duì)切口部分特征比較復(fù)雜的產(chǎn)品。先進(jìn)的交互式程序善于整合自動(dòng)化運(yùn)算法則和有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)者的在線知識(shí)交流。 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件/早期設(shè)計(jì)部分/組裝/產(chǎn)品管理。一個(gè)注塑模具在其它注塑模里相同的形狀尺寸分別有型腔型芯。這些部分與注塑模產(chǎn)品無(wú)關(guān)。他們使用在不同模具中重復(fù)使用的大概標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 有用的工具包括實(shí)體設(shè)計(jì)和分析計(jì)算在模具型腔型芯中的設(shè)計(jì)。型芯和型腔的外形和大小直接影響模具產(chǎn)品。這些部分也是模具設(shè)計(jì)中相當(dāng)重要的環(huán)節(jié)。他們的幾何形狀要求可能相當(dāng)苛刻。因此一些模芯設(shè)計(jì)工具的發(fā)展方向基于自動(dòng)生成模具型芯交互作用是相當(dāng)有用的。 組裝設(shè)計(jì)在傳統(tǒng)的CAD/CAM設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)中模具的實(shí)體形狀被當(dāng)作幾何圖形儲(chǔ)存模型在一個(gè)三維空間以邊和面的形式生成。象這樣的一個(gè)以嚴(yán)密的幾何計(jì)算表現(xiàn)的視覺(jué)外形可以完成工程分析和模擬。但是這種工作方式不適合設(shè)計(jì)高層數(shù)據(jù)和產(chǎn) 品的幾何實(shí)體外形的關(guān)系。 模具設(shè)計(jì)者更喜歡裝配環(huán)境的設(shè)計(jì)而不是一種簡(jiǎn)單的固體模型環(huán)境。這個(gè)方案被 Ye et al 提出。 5、循環(huán)速度的限制因素 在整個(gè)循環(huán)期間對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)位循環(huán)的影響因素可以分為五個(gè)組成部分: (1)機(jī)器空循環(huán)時(shí)間(這是完成開模、旋轉(zhuǎn)塔臺(tái)90 度,閉模和為注射做準(zhǔn)備的循環(huán)的時(shí)間); (2)陰模充料時(shí)間; (3)為避免正冷卻的制件形成凹陷的保壓要求; (4)模內(nèi)冷卻以使模具從保壓期間要求的合模力噸數(shù)中釋壓; (5)在頂出時(shí)瓶胚的大量熱造成的表面熱以及熱再生,以避免后續(xù)處理期間制件被刮傷或有粘性。 系統(tǒng)的機(jī)器空循環(huán)時(shí)間被優(yōu)化。模具不必開那么多,以允許轉(zhuǎn)位旋轉(zhuǎn),象傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)為允許機(jī)械手進(jìn)入模具區(qū)所要求的那樣,從而減少了開模和閉模時(shí)間。轉(zhuǎn)位速度也比機(jī)械手進(jìn)去,轉(zhuǎn)移制件和機(jī)械手再出去快。目前4.3秒的機(jī)器空循環(huán)已經(jīng)充分優(yōu)化,改進(jìn)的余地很小。 如果注射裝置尺寸過(guò)小,生成熔體可能是一個(gè)限制因素。已經(jīng)在循環(huán)速度低達(dá)11.6 秒,用2280 克注射量的0.82IV 樹脂測(cè)試過(guò)目前120 毫米的螺桿可接受的塑煉能力。這時(shí)沒(méi)有剩余的滯留時(shí)間,這樣循環(huán)將受螺桿性能限制。 充料和保壓時(shí)間大約為9 秒。現(xiàn)正在做試驗(yàn)以量化最佳的充料速度和保壓外形。 冷卻0.5 秒可以實(shí)現(xiàn)模具釋壓,但目前的工藝需要冷卻1.3 秒,循環(huán)目前受到在制件上形成凹陷限制。這受到包裝數(shù)量、保壓壓力和開模的速度的影響。由于轉(zhuǎn)位循環(huán)的冷卻時(shí)間非常短,瓶胚遇到陰模壁收縮的時(shí)間非常少。正在研究改進(jìn)這方面的循環(huán)性能的機(jī)會(huì)。 目前出模時(shí)的瓶胚溫度將允許循環(huán)時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于13 秒,如果僅這一方面是循環(huán)的限制因素的話。 6、瓶胚設(shè)計(jì)的考慮因素 根據(jù)最初比較原型系統(tǒng)中使用的瓶胚以及為促進(jìn)使用轉(zhuǎn)位方法減少轉(zhuǎn)位循環(huán)而對(duì)各種瓶胚設(shè)計(jì)做的試驗(yàn)。因此,實(shí)施一種轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)而非較傳統(tǒng)的成型方法的決定是由于其他許多考慮因素)轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)要求四套制件模芯,這樣模芯的復(fù)雜性以及由此導(dǎo)致的整個(gè)模具成本是選擇的一個(gè)因素。其他因素包括生產(chǎn)能力要求、可用的地板面積、資本成本。 The Fresh Generation Injection Mould TechniqueAbstract : The original is introduced fresh generation vase earthen brick mould plastics technique distinguishing feature along with by means of the vase performance that the cycle was achieved That this cycles causes an a jar of embryo become cool not needing manipulator and the lead-out plank again , but is an a jar of embryo directly is living that the standard becomes cool on the rush pith , and is living further by means of 2.5 to inject after the cycle cooling being come out by the peak This causes the finished piece cooling may improve , thereby lift every one the overcast standard yield enormously Decreased the demand in room through the work cell gets rid of the manipulator , and simplify the system enormously Keyword : Injection mould design Cycle velocity 1、Summary The indexing vase embryo mould plastics technique is designed the development at twin teeterboard machinerys of Huskys mould plastics system Ought to systematically there be an all sides to stir the teeterboard to coil the cross axle to circle Each one section is matched somebody with somebody a type semi to cool to mold the standard The master stamper systematically is 48 an overcast standard , thereby supplys 192 standard rushs pith Fiing teeterboard jacket possess criterion heat flux a road and semi an overcast standard Standardized two steps of moulds plastics units are equipd to this system , and that unit possessone 120 millimeters to pack the engine molding and 120 millimeters to inject the pressure stuff to squeeze in , and injecting along the Great Wall the pressure stuff possess engine a thick tube-shaped head and a distribution valve to join two grades Designing in the way of the vase embryo at the moment , target weight is the 47.3 grams vase embryos , thereby injecting amount is 2270 grams Two 42 differences is gatherd being used a system to the benzol two methanoic acid glycol ester studs , and every one wholly acquireed the effect that may be receiveed When the machinery cycles , the plastic material first of all injects up A Since the fact that the vase embryo will remain the standard rush pith on , the vase embryo is living to turn on the standard not necessaries , and that traditional system goes up such as being living is stiff in that way Hence , the machinery cycle that the overwhelming majority cooling may be living soon afterwards perioc through shuts the standard revolves up to become cool on the rush pith at the standard Afterwards the cycle needs an extraordinary brief cooling perioc in order to permit the pattern to elucidate the pressure , injects and defends and to be getting near also is such in this way Afterwards the plastic material are living Bs surface is injected on this peak ministry face that the teeterboard was reachd in the indexing on one section when turning on the standard As D before arrival when the extremity , now A is living teeterboard base place , and the push rod is switched on here , and the vase embryo is unloaded the finished piece through the machinery and leads to on the conveying utensil Injecting the stroke adjust the cycle time not effect , as a result may complete more slowly Gravitational force help is guarranteed that the finished piece breaks away from that the pattern drops secondly The finished piece drops such the curtain squares formed by crossed lines tip conveying utensil on , and the probability that creates the surperficial gall is littleer A ministry is living 、Gas dashing systematic twin vase embryo of forming supplys the face and becomes cool the place of back and base Since the fact that the vase embryo maintains the pattern standard rush pith on , the face obtains the conduction cooling included they are still convenient Says in the total , the entire temperature of vase embryo than it is living traditional compression molding system and cooling leads to in the plank to stay analogous time will cool 2、The Bottle Function Significant respect that we analyse the indexing system analogous a of jar of vase that the embryo was manufacture out that to be the performance takeing this kind of vase that the vase embryo that the system was gived birth to was manufacture out against traditional work gived birth to on the cell one another contrasts The comparand that obtaines in the eperiment that the table 1 is give out through is underway is depenied on The indexing vase embryo performance is living and is better always in the intensity quiz , and this is better distributing for the runner quality which improved permits the stuff to be living inner place the vase , and does not there is the indication to make known that use this kind of system is living whatever space crystallinity of vase and ascendes The indexing specimen gived birth to is probably equally light , for their weight distributions is to be much inseparable .、This kind of system distinguishing feature Inner place the standard that to support with the hand the obviousest advantage of earthen brick is needs the cooling time decreased , thereby decreased entire time length that cycles At the moment , this kind of system employ the largesttest breastwork thickly act as 4 millimeters the 47.3 grams vase embryos do This kind of vase embryo process cycle time ascertains by measuring to 22.5 seconds , was optimum as to the overcast standard system Overcast standard system implementation 14.2 seconds of indexing 48 cycle be able to be acquireed the better trade quality killing The picture 2 is give out the cycle subdivided comparing situation Circling the control tower does not need the manipulator again Like this , therefore decreased from the tradition system to go up the jam that the manipulator block created is giveed an alarm and the service ceases engine time The finished piece peak has ariseed to be living not to be the inflexible cycle time the element Decreased in the standard the turning on gap that needs in the wake of removing the manipulator , in the wake of decreasing of pattern stroke still lift empties cycle velocity Systematic another advantage is the floor area that needs decreases , along with thanks to does not there is manipulator and lead-out plank cooling system , latent capacity that the dependability of system may be liftd Calculate in advance entire systematic dependability that therefore the manipulator obstructs does not happen permit the systematic usability to lift 30% Merely traditional 48 55% of overcast areas that the standard system requires of indexing system floor area Against the person who one another accompanies the yield that still possess per foot of floor area lifts further.Employ the indexing systematically to cause an a jar of embryo runner quality obtain the modification Being living , the valve runner district is freezed afterwards , the vase embryo is living brieflyer time inner place the heatpoint contact against the valve staff , for the cooling that the vase embryo is living inner place the overcast standard time by enormously decreases Geing rid of this heat source removes a crystal source Except for better vision effect , still causes that the runner district is more sturdy , thereby causes entire a of jar of side wall district better , and possess the weight that even more opportunitys ease the vase embryo in base district The vase embryo to remain at the standard rush pith elderer time Systematically being contrastd against a criterion a jar of embryo mould plastics , entire a of jar of embryo becomes cool obtainning the modification Being living , tradition manipulator becomes cool inner place the plank , and the finished piece is encounter and be able to be shrinked by the tube face becoming cool , and such heat transfer is imconsummate In being living the indexing system manufactures at the standard shrinking on the rush pith , thereby maintain heat transfer , and is living when being come out , and will let drop when comprehensive entirety temperature of indexing vase embryo contrasts the a jar of embryo lead-out place through traditional system brings out by the peak .Still possesing , and designs as to the vase embryo at the moment , not to the throat standard ring district supply cooling water , being living , the peak when comeing out yet systematically will be cooled far more than the criterion Become cool that district threshold energy system cycling as to the forming system of type The distinct stuffs of indexing system in the way of some kinds reaches the difference of two kinds of distinct stuffs testing with two kinds to gather designing to the benzol two methanoic acid glycol ester studs , and may catch sight of that the acetaldehyde ( AA ) amount lets drop always against injecting amount is contrastd this cycle time adjust injects the unit proposes the very much tall demand , injects the unit constinuously scousrs not to there is a few is held up time the stud . Since the overcast standard of peak value inner place the pattern tallys with against the two differences studs , and against the difference process installation unanimously , the acetaldehyde is measured ever to possess to let drop that the main reason rests with that the pattern gathers materials the tube more Second advantage may catch sight ofin the way of the pattern at the moment is possesing the very much good weight distributions , thereby permits to be living at the moment finished piece standard allows bad inside entire finished piece weight to drop the thest least degree 4 、The injection mould design process requirementanalysis An injection mould design is composed of two steps: theinitial design and the detailed design. The initial design iscomposed of decisions made at the early stage of themould design, such as the type of mould configuration,the number of cavities, the type of runner, the type of gate and the type of mould base. The detailed design iscomposed of the insert (core/cavity) design, the ejectionsystem design, the cooling and venting component design,the assembly analysis and the final drafting. To develop a good CAIMDS, an analysis of whatthey have and what they want needs to be performed.What they have: The customers requirements for the product. Thisincludes the detailed geometry anddimension requirementsof the product. An existing mould design library. This library coversthe standard or previously designedcomponents andassemblies of the mould design, for example, themould base (the fixed half and the moving half) andthe pocket (the fixed half and the moving half). An expert knowledge in injection mould design. Expertknowledge of both initial and detailed designs forthe injection mould is obtained mainly from experiencedmould designers. Such knowledge includesmaterial selection, shrinkage suggestion, cavity layoutsuggestion and others. What they want: An intelligent and interactive mould design environment.Mould design is often composed of a series ofdesign procedures. These procedures usually requirecertain mould parts to be created and existing mouldparts to be assembled. Such a mould design environmentneed not be fully automatic, especially forcomplicated products with many undercuts. Anintelligent and interactive environment will be a goodchoice to integrate some useful automation algorithms,heuristic knowledge and on-lineinteraction by the experienced mould designer. Standard/previous designed components/assemblies(product-independent parts) management. Apart from the core and cavity, an injection mould hasmany other parts that are similar in structure and geometrical shape that can be used in other injectionmould designs. These parts are independent of the plastic mould products. They are mostly standardcomponents that can be reused in different mould designs and mould sets. Useful tools (including solid design and analysiscalculation) in the core and the cavity (productdependentparts) design. Geometrical shapes and thesizes of the core and cavity system are determineddirectly by the mould product. All components insuch a system are product dependent. Also, theseparts are the critical components in the mould design Their geometrical requirements may be complicated.Thus, some tools developed to design the core and thecavity based on partial automation and partialinteraction can be quite useful. Design for assembly. In conventional CAD/CAMsystems, moulds are represented and stored as a complete geometric and topological solid model. Thismodel is composed of faces, edges and vertices in athree dimensional (3D) Euclidean space. Such a representationis suitable for visual display and performinggeometrically computation-intensive taskssuch as engineering analysis and simulation. However,this form is not appropriate for tasks thatrequire decision-making based on high-level informationabout product geometric entities and theirrelationships. Mould designers prefer a design forassembly environment instead of a simple solid modelenvironment. This idea is also presented in Ye et al.s work 24. A design for manufacture. A complete injectionmould design development cycle can be composed ofthe mould design and mould manufacturing process.To integrate CAD/CAM into the mould design, themanufacturing features on the mould should be abstracteand analysed for the specific NC machine. Both the process plan and the NC code should beautomatically generated to enable the final designed mould to be manufactured. A design for engineering drawings. For manycompanies, the injection mould design has to be represented in the form of engineering drawingswith detailed dimensions. CAD/CAM tools that are able to automatically generate these engineeringdrawings from the final injection mould design will be useful.Based on the above analysis, our research focus is todevelop techniques to represent what they have andwhat they want.Representing what they want is actually the representationof the knowledge and injection mould object.Developing what they want means to integrate the representation with intelligent and interactive tools forthe injection mould design into a completed designenvironment. Therefore, an IKB-MOULD is proposedfor mould designers to realise the above two requirements 5、 Limitational factor of cycle velocity Is living the entire cycle perioc to the indexing what cycles the effect element may be divided into five component part : (1)Machinery emptying cycle time ( this is completeing turning on the standard 、Circles the control tower 90 degrees , shuts standard and in the interest of injects acting the ready cycle time ) ; (2)The overcast standard charges to anticipate time ; (3)The demand is getting near in the interest of averting the finished piece that becomes cool to take shape sunken guarantor ; (4)Becomes cool the pattern inner place the standard in order to cause through guarantor to be getting near perioc in the person who requires the standard the shuing force tonne figure elucidates the pressure ; (5)The vase embryo greats quantity of peak when comeing out being living warm that the face creating warms up along with warm up regeneration , in order to avert the follow-up handle perioc finished piece is fleeced the injury either is possess viscosity Systematic machinery the emptying cycle time is optimized The pattern need not turned on so manyly ,in order to permit the indexing to circle , such as the tradition systematically by permits themanipulator gos into the pattern district demand , thereby decreases turns on the standard with shuts the standard time Indexing velocity is also get in than the manipulator , and transfers finished piece and manipulator geting out quickly again The machinery of 4.3 seconds at the moment empties to cycle sufficiently to optimize , and the margin of modification is very little Unduly little in case injecting the unit dimensions , the part
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