帶式輸送機(jī)的傳動系統(tǒng)-二級圓柱直齒齒輪減速器傳動設(shè)計【兩級】【F=4KN v=2ms D=450mm】【說明書+CAD】
帶式輸送機(jī)的傳動系統(tǒng)-二級圓柱直齒齒輪減速器傳動設(shè)計【兩級】【F=4KN v=2ms D=450mm】【說明書+CAD】,兩級,F=4KN v=2ms D=450mm,說明書+CAD,帶式輸送機(jī)的傳動系統(tǒng)-二級圓柱直齒齒輪減速器傳動設(shè)計【兩級】【F=4KN,v=2ms,D=450mm】【說明書+CAD】,輸送,傳動系統(tǒng),二級
2004級?？飘厴I(yè)設(shè)計論文 目 次1 引言 12 傳動裝置總體設(shè)計 22.1 設(shè)計任務(wù)書 22.2 確定傳動方案 22.3 電動機(jī)的選擇 33 傳動零件的設(shè)計計算 73.1 高速級齒輪的參數(shù)計算 73.2 低速級齒輪的參數(shù)計算 114 軸及軸承裝置的設(shè)計計算 154.1 軸的設(shè)計、校核及壽命計算 164.2 齒輪的設(shè)計 285 主要零部件的工藝設(shè)計 295.1 輸出軸的零件圖 295.2 輸出軸的工藝設(shè)計 306 編程 33結(jié)論 35致謝 36參考文獻(xiàn) 37附錄A（裝配圖） 38 2004級專科畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 第 42 頁 共 33頁1 引言齒輪傳動是現(xiàn)代機(jī)械中應(yīng)用最廣的一種傳動形式。它的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：瞬時傳動比恒定、工作平穩(wěn)、傳動準(zhǔn)確可靠，可傳遞空間任意兩軸之間的運(yùn)動和動力；適用的功率和速度范圍廣；傳動效率高，=0.92-0.98；工作可靠、使用壽命長；外輪廓尺寸小、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。由齒輪、軸、軸承及箱體組成的齒輪減速器,用于原動機(jī)和工作機(jī)或執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)之間,起匹配轉(zhuǎn)速和傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩的作用,在現(xiàn)代機(jī)械中應(yīng)用極為廣泛。國內(nèi)的減速器多以齒輪傳動、蝸桿傳動為主，但普遍存在著功率與重量比小，或者傳動比大而機(jī)械效率過低的問題。另外，材料品質(zhì)和工藝水平上還有許多弱點(diǎn)，特別是大型的減速器問題更突出，使用壽命不長。國外的減速器，以德國、丹麥和日本處于領(lǐng)先地位，特別在材料和制造工藝方面占據(jù)優(yōu)勢，減速器工作可靠性好，使用壽命長。但其傳動形式仍以定軸齒輪傳動為主，體積和重量問題，也未解決好。當(dāng)今的減速器是向著大功率、大傳動比、小體積、高機(jī)械效率以及使用壽命長的方向發(fā)展。減速器與電動機(jī)的連體結(jié)構(gòu)，也是大力開拓的形式，并已生產(chǎn)多種結(jié)構(gòu)形式和多種功率型號的產(chǎn)品。近十幾年來,由于近代計算機(jī)技術(shù)與數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得機(jī)械加工精度，加工效率大大提高，從而推動了機(jī)械傳動產(chǎn)品的多樣化，整機(jī)配套的模塊化，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，以及造型設(shè)計藝術(shù)化，使產(chǎn)品更加精致，美觀化。在21世紀(jì)成套機(jī)械裝備中,齒輪仍然是機(jī)械傳動的基本部件。CNC機(jī)床和工藝技術(shù)的發(fā)展,推動了機(jī)械傳動結(jié)構(gòu)的飛速發(fā)展。在傳動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中的電子控制、液壓傳動、齒輪、帶鏈的混合傳動,將成為變速箱設(shè)計中優(yōu)化傳動組合的方向。在傳動設(shè)計中的學(xué)科交叉,將成為新型傳動產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的重要趨勢。2 傳動裝置總體設(shè)計2.0設(shè)計任務(wù)書1設(shè)計任務(wù)設(shè)計帶式輸送機(jī)的傳動系統(tǒng)，采用兩級圓柱直齒齒輪減速器傳動。 2 設(shè)計要求 （1）外形美觀，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，性能可靠，工藝性好； （2）多有圖紙符合國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求； （3）按畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）要求完成相關(guān)資料整理裝訂工作。3 原始數(shù)據(jù) （1）運(yùn)輸帶工作拉力 F=4KN （2）運(yùn)輸帶工作速度V=2.0m/s(3)輸送帶滾筒直徑 D=450mm（4）傳動效率4工作條件兩班制工作，空載起動，載荷平穩(wěn)，常溫下連續(xù)（單向）運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，工作環(huán)境多塵，中小批量生產(chǎn)，使用期限10年，年工作300天。2.1 確定傳動方案 圖2-1(a) 圖2-1(b) 方案（a）為展開式兩級圓柱齒輪減速器，其推薦傳動比=840。展開式圓柱齒輪減速器的特點(diǎn)是其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，但齒輪的位置不對稱。高速級齒輪布置在遠(yuǎn)離轉(zhuǎn)矩輸入端，可使軸在轉(zhuǎn)矩作用下產(chǎn)生的扭轉(zhuǎn)變形和軸在彎矩作用下產(chǎn)生的彎矩變形部分地互相抵消，以減緩沿齒寬載荷分布不均勻的現(xiàn)象。方案（b）為同軸式兩級圓柱齒輪減速器，其推薦傳動比=840。同軸式圓柱齒輪減速器的特點(diǎn)是減速器橫向尺寸較小，兩對齒輪浸入油中深度大致相同。但軸向尺寸和重量較大，且中間軸較長、剛度差，使載荷沿齒寬分布不均勻，高速級齒輪的承載能力難于充分利用。 綜合比較展開式與同軸式圓柱齒輪減速器的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，在本設(shè)計中，我將采用展開式圓柱齒輪減速器為設(shè)計模版。2.2 電動機(jī)的選擇2.2.1 電動機(jī)的容量選擇根據(jù)已知條件可以計算出工作機(jī)所需有效功率.0 設(shè) 輸送機(jī)滾筒軸至輸送帶間的傳動效率； 聯(lián)軸器效率， =0.99 閉式圓柱齒輪傳動效率， =0.97 一對滾動軸承效率， =0.99 帶式輸送機(jī)滾筒效率。 =0.96估算運(yùn)動系統(tǒng)總傳遞效率：式中： 得傳動系統(tǒng)總效率工作機(jī)所需電動機(jī)功率 由表2-1所列Y系列三相異步電動機(jī)技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)中可以確定，滿足條件的電動機(jī)額定功率應(yīng)取為11。表2-1電動機(jī)型號額定功率/滿載轉(zhuǎn)速/（）Y100L-4314202.22.2Y112M-4414402.22.2Y132S-45.514402.22.2Y132M-47.514402.22.2Y160M-41114602.22.2Y160L-41514602.22.2Y160L-6119702.02.02.2.2 電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的選擇根據(jù)已知條件由計算得知輸送機(jī)滾筒的工作轉(zhuǎn)速 由表2-1初選同步轉(zhuǎn)速為1500和1000的電動機(jī)，對應(yīng)用于額定功率的電動機(jī)型號應(yīng)分別為Y160M-4型和Y160L-6型。把Y160M-4型和Y160L-6型電動機(jī)有關(guān)技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)及相應(yīng)算得的總傳動比列于表2-2:表2-2 方案的比較方案號電動機(jī)型號額定功率（）同步轉(zhuǎn)速（）滿載轉(zhuǎn)速（）總傳動比Y160M-411.01500146017.19Y160L-611.0100097011.42通過對這兩種方案比較可以看出：方案選用的電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速高、質(zhì)量輕、價值低，總傳動比為17.19，比較合適，故選用方案。2.2.3 電動機(jī)型號的確定 根據(jù)工作條件：兩班制工作，空載起動，載荷平穩(wěn)，常溫下連續(xù)（單向）運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，工作環(huán)境多塵，中小批量生產(chǎn)，使用期限為10年，年工作300天，工作機(jī)所需電動機(jī)功率及電動機(jī)的同步轉(zhuǎn)速等，選用Y系列三項(xiàng)異步電動機(jī)，臥式封閉結(jié)構(gòu)，型號為Y160M-4，其主要性能數(shù)據(jù)如下：電動機(jī)額定功率 電動機(jī)滿載轉(zhuǎn)速 電動機(jī)軸身直徑 電動機(jī)軸身長度 2.2.4 傳動比的分配帶式輸送機(jī)傳動系統(tǒng)的總傳動比 由傳動系統(tǒng)方案知 所以圓柱齒輪總傳動比 為便于兩級圓柱齒輪減速器采用浸油潤滑，當(dāng)兩對齒輪材料相同、齒面硬度、齒寬系數(shù)相等時，考慮齒面接觸強(qiáng)度接近相等的條件，取高速級傳動比 低速級傳動比 傳動系統(tǒng)各傳動比分別為：，2.2.5 傳動系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動和動力參數(shù)計算傳動系統(tǒng)各軸的轉(zhuǎn)速、功率和轉(zhuǎn)矩計算：0軸（電動機(jī)軸）：1軸（減速器高速軸）：2軸（減速器中間軸）： 3軸（減速器低速軸）： 將上述結(jié)果和傳動比及傳動效率匯總?cè)绫?-3:表2-3 傳動系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動和動力參數(shù)3 傳動零件的設(shè)計計算3.1 高速級齒輪的參數(shù)計算3.1.1 材料選擇及熱處理減速器要求結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，故小齒輪選用調(diào)質(zhì)HBS1=240270的45鋼，大齒輪選用正火HBS2=200230的45鋼；載荷穩(wěn)定，齒速不高，初選8級精度。3.1.2 確定許用接觸應(yīng)力3.1.1 齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度設(shè)計（1） 確定公式中的參數(shù)值 1） 載荷系數(shù) 試選=1.52） 小齒輪傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩 3） 大小齒輪的彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度極限， =380（查圖6.1 機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）4） 應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù) 5） 彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù)， =0.86 =0.90（查圖6.7機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編） 6） 許用彎曲應(yīng)力計算（取彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù)，應(yīng)力修正系數(shù) ） 則/= 7） 查取齒形系數(shù)和應(yīng)力校正系數(shù) 根據(jù)當(dāng)量齒數(shù) 查表3-1取齒形系數(shù)和應(yīng)力修正系數(shù) 表3-1 齒形系數(shù)及應(yīng)力修正系數(shù)17181920212223242526272.972.912.852.802.762.722.692.652.622.602.571.521.531.541.551.561.571.5751.581.591.5951.603035404550607080901001502.522.452.402.352.322.282.242.222.202.182.141.6251.651.671.681.701.731.751.771.781.791.83 8） 計算大小齒輪的并加以比較 因?yàn)?，故按小齒輪進(jìn)行齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度設(shè)計 9） 重合系數(shù)及螺旋角系數(shù) 取=0.7 ，=0.86（2） 設(shè)計計算 1） 試計算齒輪模數(shù) 2） 計算圓周速度 3） 計算載荷系數(shù) 查表6.2（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得 ； 根據(jù)、8級精度，查圖6.10（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得；斜齒輪傳動取；查圖6.13（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得。則載荷系數(shù) 4） 校正并確定模數(shù) （取=2）（3） 計算齒輪傳動幾何尺寸 1） 中心距 （圓整為=119mm） 2） 螺旋角 3） 兩分度圓直徑， mm mm 4) 齒寬， mm 取=35mm =10）mm =40mm(4) 校核齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度 1） 大小齒輪的接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度極限， =11702） 接觸疲勞壽命系數(shù)， 查圖6.6（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得=0.88，=0.923） 計算許用接觸應(yīng)力取安全系數(shù)，則4） 節(jié)點(diǎn)區(qū)域系數(shù) 查圖6.19（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得=2.445） 重合度系數(shù) =0.86） 螺旋角系數(shù) =7） 材料系數(shù) 查表6.3（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得 =189.88） 校核計算 接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度滿足要求（5） 齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及繪制齒輪零件圖 大齒輪：齒頂圓直徑大于160mm,但小于500mm，故采用腹板式結(jié)構(gòu)，如圖3-1為齒輪零件圖。圖3-13. 2 低速級齒輪的計算 減速器要求結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，故大齒輪用40Cr調(diào)質(zhì)處理后表面淬火，小齒輪用45鋼，載荷穩(wěn)定，齒速不高，初選8級精度，閉式硬齒面齒輪傳動，傳動平穩(wěn)，齒數(shù)宜多，選=25，=（取=92）。按硬齒面齒輪非對稱安裝，查表選齒寬系數(shù)。初選螺旋角=1 齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度設(shè)計（1） 確定公式中的參數(shù)值 1） 載荷系數(shù) 試選=1.52） 小齒輪傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩 3） 大小齒輪的彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度極限， =380（查圖6.1 機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）4） 應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù) 5） 彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù)， =0.90 =0.92（查圖6.7機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編） 6） 許用彎曲應(yīng)力計算（取彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù)，應(yīng)力修正系數(shù) ） 則/= 7） 查取齒形系數(shù)和應(yīng)力校正系數(shù) 根據(jù)當(dāng)量齒數(shù) 查表3-1取齒形系數(shù)和應(yīng)力修正系數(shù) 8） 計算大小齒輪的并加以比較 因?yàn)?，故按小齒輪進(jìn)行齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度設(shè)計 9） 重合系數(shù)及螺旋角系數(shù) 取=0.68 ，=0.86（2） 設(shè)計計算 1） 試計算齒輪模數(shù) 2） 計算圓周速度 3） 計算載荷系數(shù) 查表6.2（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得 ； 根據(jù)、8級精度，查圖6.10（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得；斜齒輪傳動?。徊閳D6.13（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得。則載荷系數(shù) 4） 校正并確定模數(shù) （取=2.5）（3） 計算齒輪傳動幾何尺寸 1） 中心距 （圓整為=151mm） 2） 螺旋角 3） 兩分度圓直徑， mm mm 4) 齒寬， mm 取=55mm =10）mm =60mm(4) 校核齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度 1） 大小齒輪的接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度極限， =11702） 接觸疲勞壽命系數(shù)， 查圖6.6（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得=0.92，=0.963） 計算許用接觸應(yīng)力取安全系數(shù)，則4） 節(jié)點(diǎn)區(qū)域系數(shù) 查圖6.19（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得=2.435） 重合度系數(shù) =0.86） 螺旋角系數(shù) =7） 材料系數(shù) 查表6.3（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得 =189.88） 校核計算 接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度滿足要求（5） 齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及繪制齒輪零件圖 大齒輪：齒頂圓直徑大于160mm,但小于500mm，故采用腹板式結(jié)構(gòu)，如圖3-2為齒輪零件圖。圖3-24 軸及軸承裝置的設(shè)計計算4. 1 軸的設(shè)計 軸是減速器的主要零件之一，軸的結(jié)構(gòu)決定軸上零件的位置和有關(guān)尺寸。如圖4-1為兩級圓柱齒輪減速器軸的布置狀況。圖4-1 兩級圓柱齒輪減速器軸的布置考慮相鄰齒輪沿軸向不發(fā)生干涉，計入尺寸s，可取s=10mm?？紤]齒輪與箱體內(nèi)壁沿軸向不發(fā)生干涉，計入尺寸k，可取k=10mm。為保證滾動軸承放在箱體軸承座孔內(nèi)，計入尺寸c=5mm。初取軸承寬分別為n1=20mm,n2=22mm,n3=22mm。3根軸的支承跨距分別為4.1.1 中間軸的設(shè)計圖4-2 中間軸 軸的材料選用45鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，查表11.3（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）確定C值。 （?。┘慈《紊陷S的直徑。 由可初選軸承，查表11-4（機(jī)械設(shè)計課程設(shè)計 王大康 盧頌峰主編）選7008C型軸承，其內(nèi)徑，外徑D=68,寬度B。 處軸肩的高度h=(),但因?yàn)樵撦S肩幾乎不受軸向力，故取，則此處軸的直徑。又因?yàn)榇颂幣c齒輪配合，故其長度應(yīng)略小于齒寬，取。齒輪的定位軸肩高度，但因?yàn)樗惺茌S向力，故取，即。而此處軸的長度： （?。┨幰才c齒輪配合，其直徑與處相等，即。該處的長度應(yīng)略小于齒輪寬度，取。結(jié)合圖4-1和圖4-2可得段和段處軸的長度： 綜上，中間軸各段長度和直徑已確定： 4.1.2 輸入軸的設(shè)計圖4-3 輸入軸軸的材料選用45鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理。（1） 估算軸的最小直徑 查表11.3（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）確定C值。 單鍵槽軸徑應(yīng)增大即增大至 （?。?。（2）選擇輸入軸的聯(lián)軸器 1）計算聯(lián)軸器的轉(zhuǎn)矩 查表10.1（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）確定工作情況系數(shù) 選擇彈性柱銷聯(lián)軸器，按，查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T5014-1985，選用HL2型彈性聯(lián)軸器，。半聯(lián)軸器長度 與軸配合轂孔長度 半聯(lián)軸器孔徑 （3）確定軸的最小直徑 應(yīng)滿足（?。?（4） 確定各軸段的尺寸 段軸的長度及直徑 應(yīng)略小于 取 段軸的尺寸 處軸肩高度（?。瑒t；為便于軸承端蓋拆卸，取。段軸的尺寸 該處安裝軸承，故軸的直徑應(yīng)與軸承配合，查表11-4 （機(jī)械設(shè)計課程設(shè)計 王大康 盧頌峰主編）選7006C型軸承，其內(nèi)徑，外徑D=55,寬度B。 ，。段軸的尺寸 該處軸的直徑應(yīng)略大于處軸的直徑，??；參照圖4-1，可知。段軸的尺寸 該軸處為齒輪軸，該處為齒輪，故段軸的尺寸 由圖4-3可知，段軸的長度 ， 4.1.3 輸出軸的設(shè)計圖4-4 輸出軸 軸的材料選用45鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理。 （1） 估算軸的最小直徑 查表11.3（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）確定C值。 單鍵槽軸徑應(yīng)增大即增大至 （?。?。（2）選擇輸入軸的聯(lián)軸器 1）計算聯(lián)軸器的轉(zhuǎn)矩 查表10.1（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）確定工作情況系數(shù) 選擇彈性柱銷聯(lián)軸器，按，查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB/T5014-1985，選用HL5型彈性聯(lián)軸器，。半聯(lián)軸器長度 與軸配合轂孔長度 半聯(lián)軸器孔徑 （3）確定軸的最小直徑 應(yīng)滿足（?。?（4） 確定各軸段的尺寸 段軸的長度及直徑 應(yīng)略小于 取 。段軸的尺寸 處軸肩高度（?。?，則；為便于軸承端蓋拆卸，取。段軸的尺寸 該處安裝軸承，故軸的直徑應(yīng)與軸承配合，查表11-4 （機(jī)械設(shè)計課程設(shè)計 王大康 盧頌峰主編）選7013C型軸承，其內(nèi)徑，外徑D=100,寬度B。，。段軸的尺寸 處軸肩高度（?。?。段軸的尺寸 處軸肩高度（?。?，即；軸肩寬度（取）。段軸的尺寸 此處安裝齒輪，故其長度應(yīng)略小于齒輪寬度，；。段軸的長 ， 4. 2 軸的校核4.2.1 輸入軸的校核 （1） 求軸上受力 1） 計算齒輪受力 齒輪分度圓直徑 圓周力 徑向力 軸向力 對軸心產(chǎn)生的彎矩 2） 求支反力 參見圖4-3 軸承的支點(diǎn)位置 由7006C型角接觸軸承可知 齒寬中心距左支點(diǎn)的距離 齒寬中心距右支點(diǎn)的距離 左支點(diǎn)水平面的支反應(yīng)力 ， 右支點(diǎn)水平面的支反應(yīng)力 ， 左支點(diǎn)垂直面的支反應(yīng)力 右支點(diǎn)垂直面的支反應(yīng)力 左支點(diǎn)的軸向支反力 （2） 繪制彎矩圖和扭矩圖 參見圖4-5圖4-5 截面C處水平彎矩 截面C處垂直彎矩 截面C處合成彎矩 （3） 彎矩合成強(qiáng)度校核 通常只校核軸上受最大彎矩和最大扭矩的截面強(qiáng)度 截面C處計算彎矩 考慮啟動，停機(jī)影響，扭矩為脈動循環(huán)變應(yīng)力， ， 截面C處應(yīng)力計算 強(qiáng)度校核 45鋼調(diào)質(zhì)處理，由表11.2（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）查得 ，彎矩合成強(qiáng)度滿足要求圖4-5 軸的力分析圖（4） 疲勞強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù)校核 1） 經(jīng)判斷，如圖4-3中，齒輪面為危險截面 2） 截面左側(cè)截面校核 抗彎截面系數(shù) 抗扭截面系數(shù) 截面左側(cè)彎矩 截面上的彎曲應(yīng)力 截面上的扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力 平均應(yīng)力 ， 應(yīng)力幅 材料的力學(xué)性能 45鋼調(diào)質(zhì)查表11.2（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編） ， 軸肩理論應(yīng)力集中系數(shù) ， 查附表1.6（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）并經(jīng)插值計算， 材料的敏感系數(shù) 由，查圖2.8 （機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）并經(jīng)插值得， 有效應(yīng)力集中系數(shù) 尺寸及截面形狀系數(shù) 由、查圖2.9 （機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得 扭轉(zhuǎn)剪切尺寸系數(shù) 由查圖2.10 （機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得 表面質(zhì)量系數(shù) 軸按磨削加工，由查圖2.12 （機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得 表面強(qiáng)化系數(shù) 軸未經(jīng)表面強(qiáng)化處理 疲勞強(qiáng)度綜合影響系數(shù) 等效系數(shù) 45鋼： 取 取 僅有彎曲正應(yīng)力時計算安全系數(shù) 僅有扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力時計算安全系數(shù) 彎扭聯(lián)合作用下的計算安全系數(shù) 設(shè)計安全系數(shù) 材料均勻，載荷與應(yīng)力計算精確時： 取 疲勞強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù)校核 左側(cè)疲勞強(qiáng)度合格 3） 截面右側(cè)疲勞強(qiáng)度校核 抗彎截面系數(shù) 抗扭截面系數(shù) 截面左側(cè)彎矩 截面上的彎曲應(yīng)力 截面上的扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力 平均應(yīng)力 應(yīng)力幅 材料的力學(xué)性能 45鋼調(diào)質(zhì)查表11.2（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編） ， 軸肩理論應(yīng)力集中系數(shù) ， 查附表1.6（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）并經(jīng)插值計算， 材料的敏感系數(shù) 由，查圖2.8 （機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）并經(jīng)插值得， 有效應(yīng)力集中系數(shù) 尺寸及截面形狀系數(shù) 由、查圖2.9 （機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得 扭轉(zhuǎn)剪切尺寸系數(shù) 由查圖2.10 （機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得 表面質(zhì)量系數(shù) 軸按磨削加工，由查圖2.12 （機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得 表面強(qiáng)化系數(shù) 軸未經(jīng)表面強(qiáng)化處理 疲勞強(qiáng)度綜合影響系數(shù) 等效系數(shù) 45鋼： 取 取 僅有彎曲正應(yīng)力時計算安全系數(shù) 僅有扭轉(zhuǎn)切應(yīng)力時計算安全系數(shù) 彎扭聯(lián)合作用下的計算安全系數(shù) 設(shè)計安全系數(shù) 材料均勻，載荷與應(yīng)力計算精確時： 取 疲勞強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù)校核 右側(cè)疲勞強(qiáng)度合格4.2.2 中間軸的校核圖4-6 軸的受力分析圖 （1） 求軸上受力1） 計算齒輪受力 齒輪的分度圓直徑 ， 圓周力 徑向力 軸向力 對軸心產(chǎn)生的彎矩 2） 求支反力 軸承的支點(diǎn)位置 由7008C型角接觸軸承可知 截面在B處的支反力 左支點(diǎn)水平面的支反力 右支點(diǎn)水平面的支反力 左支點(diǎn)垂直面的支反力 右支點(diǎn)垂直面的支反力 左支點(diǎn)的軸向支反力 截面在C處的支反力 左支點(diǎn)水平面的支反力 右支點(diǎn)水平面的支反力 左支點(diǎn)垂直面的支反力 右支點(diǎn)垂直面的支反力 左支點(diǎn)的軸向支反力 （2） 繪制彎矩圖和扭矩圖 截面B處水平彎矩 截面B處垂直彎矩 截面B處合成彎矩 截面C處水平彎矩 截面C處垂直彎矩 截面C處合成彎矩 （3） 彎矩合成強(qiáng)度校核 通常只校核軸上受最大彎矩和最大扭矩的截面強(qiáng)度 截面B處計算彎矩 考慮啟動，停機(jī)影響，扭矩為脈動循環(huán)變應(yīng)力， ， 截面B處應(yīng)力計算 強(qiáng)度校核 45鋼調(diào)質(zhì)處理，由表11.2（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）查得 ，B處彎矩合成強(qiáng)度滿足要求截面C處計算彎矩 考慮啟動，停機(jī)影響，扭矩為脈動循環(huán)變應(yīng)力， ， 截面C處應(yīng)力計算 強(qiáng)度校核 45鋼調(diào)質(zhì)處理，由表11.2（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）查得 ，C處彎矩合成強(qiáng)度滿足要求圖4-7 軸的受力分析圖4.2.3 輸出軸的校核（1） 求軸上受力 1） 計算齒輪受力 齒輪分度圓直徑 圓周力 徑向力 軸向力 對軸心產(chǎn)生的彎矩 2） 求支反力 軸承的支點(diǎn)位置 由7013C型角接觸軸承可知 齒寬中心距左支點(diǎn)的距離 齒寬中心距右支點(diǎn)的距離 左支點(diǎn)水平面的支反應(yīng)力 ， 右支點(diǎn)水平面的支反應(yīng)力 ， 左支點(diǎn)垂直面的支反應(yīng)力 右支點(diǎn)垂直面的支反應(yīng)力 左支點(diǎn)的軸向支反力 （2） 繪制彎矩圖和扭矩圖 參見圖4-8圖4-8軸的受力分析圖 截面C處水平彎矩 截面C處垂直彎矩 截面C處合成彎矩 （3） 彎矩合成強(qiáng)度校核 通常只校核軸上受最大彎矩和最大扭矩的截面強(qiáng)度 截面C處計算彎矩 考慮啟動，停機(jī)影響，扭矩為脈動循環(huán)變應(yīng)力， ， 截面C處應(yīng)力計算 強(qiáng)度校核 45鋼調(diào)質(zhì)處理，由表11.2（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）查得 ，彎矩合成強(qiáng)度滿足要求4. 3 軸承的壽命計算4.3.1 7006C型軸承的校核 （1） 確定7006C軸承的主要性能參數(shù) 查表11-4（機(jī)械設(shè)計課程設(shè)計 王大康 盧頌峰主編）及表8.10（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得：、 （2） 計算派生軸向力、 ， （3） 計算軸向負(fù)載、 ，故軸承被“壓緊”，軸承被“放松”，得： （4） 確定系數(shù)、 ， 查表8.10（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得=1，=0，=0.44，=1.26 （5） 計算當(dāng)量載荷、 （6） 計算軸承壽命 查表8.7、8.8（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得，又知 4.3.2 7013C型軸承的校核 （1） 確定7013C軸承的主要性能參數(shù) 查表11-4（機(jī)械設(shè)計課程設(shè)計 王大康 盧頌峰主編）及表8.10（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得、 （2） 計算派生軸向力、 ， （3） 計算軸向負(fù)載、 ，故軸承被“壓緊”，軸承被“放松”，得： （4） 確定系數(shù)、 ， 查表8.10（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得=1，=0，=0.44、=1.02 （5） 計算當(dāng)量載荷、 （6） 計算軸承壽命 查表8.7、8.8（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得，又知 4.3.3 7008C型軸承的校核 （1） 確定7008C軸承的主要性能參數(shù) 查表11-4（機(jī)械設(shè)計課程設(shè)計 王大康 盧頌峰主編）及表8.10（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得、 （2） 計算派生軸向力、 ， （3） 計算軸向負(fù)載、 ，故軸承被“壓緊”，軸承被“放松”，得： （4） 確定系數(shù)、 ， 查表8.10（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得=1，=0，=0.44，=1.26 （5） 計算當(dāng)量載荷、 （6） 計算軸承壽命 查表8.7、8.8（機(jī)械設(shè)計 徐錦康主編）得，又知 5 主要零部件的工藝設(shè)計5.1 中間軸的工藝設(shè)計圖5-1 中間軸材料：45鋼 硬度： 40-45HRC工序號工種工序內(nèi)容(長度單位：mm）加工簡圖設(shè)備車1.車一端面，鉆中心孔；2.切斷至長170；3.車另一端面至長168，鉆中心孔。圖5-2普通車床車1.粗車一端外圓分別至5498，4690，4223；2.半精車該端外圓分別至5299，44.491，40.434； 3.倒角1；4.粗車另一端外圓分別至4668，4236；5.半精車該端外圓分別至44.469，40.437；6.倒角1。圖5-3圖5-4普通車床銑粗-精銑鍵槽分別至，。圖5-5立式銑床熱淬火回火(鉗)修研中心孔鉆床磨1.粗磨一端外圓分別至44、40； 2.精磨該端外圓分別至44、40； 3. 粗磨另一端外圓分別至44、40；2.精磨該端外圓分別至44、40；圖5-6外圓磨床檢按圖樣要求檢驗(yàn) 圖5-2圖5-3圖5-4圖5-5圖5-66 編程圖6-1 斜齒輪參數(shù)化設(shè)計界面Option ExplicitDim z As Integer, m As Single, d As Single, df As Single, db As SingleDim afph As Single, h As Single, c As Single, bta As SingleDim da As SinglePrivate Sub Command1_Click() Text1.Text = Text2.Text = Text3.Text = Text4.Text = Text5.Text = Text6.Text = Text7.Text = Text8.Text = Text9.Text = Text10.Text = Text1.SetFocusEnd SubPrivate Sub Command2_Click() z = Val(Text1.Text) 齒數(shù) m = Val(Text2.Text) 模數(shù) afph = Val(Text3.Text) 壓力角 bta = Val(Text4.Text) 螺旋角 h = Val(Text9.Text) 齒頂高系數(shù) c = Val(Text10.Text) 頂隙系數(shù) d = m * z / Cos(bta * 3.141592654 / 180) 基圓直徑 db = m * z * Cos(afph * 3.141592654 / 180) 齒頂圓直徑 da = d + 2 * h * m 齒根圓直徑 df = d - 2 * (h + c) * m 分度圓直徑 Text5.Text = df Text6.Text = db Text7.Text = d Text8.Text = da If Text1.Text = Then Text1.SetFocus End IfEnd SubPrivate Sub Command3_Click() Unload Me EndEnd Sub結(jié) 論由于減速器是當(dāng)今世界上最常用的傳動裝置，所以世界各國都不斷的在改進(jìn)它，尋求新的突破，降低其成本，提高其效率，擴(kuò)大其應(yīng)用范圍。為了更好的適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代市場的需求，就必須運(yùn)用計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計技術(shù)解決過去計算繁瑣，繪圖工作量大及工作效率低，速度慢的問題?；谶@些方面，我們運(yùn)用了功能強(qiáng)大的三維造型軟件Pro-E對減速器的各個組成零件進(jìn)行三維實(shí)體造型并進(jìn)行裝配，實(shí)現(xiàn)所設(shè)計的減速器在投產(chǎn)前的裝配檢驗(yàn)。通過實(shí)體造型和裝配，檢驗(yàn)并修正設(shè)計計算中可能出現(xiàn)的一些問題，使其布局更合理，使產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計更貼近生產(chǎn)實(shí)際，并能直接生成二維圖紙，為我們節(jié)約了大量的時間。通過這次設(shè)計，我學(xué)到了很多知識，鞏固了一些原來遺忘、疏忽的知識點(diǎn)；原來不理解、沒掌握好的問題，也通過翻閱資料、請教老師，把它們都解決了。由于Pro/E是我的一個薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，因此在造型中遇到了許多難題。通過查閱資料，請教老師、同學(xué)，我都一一解決了。通過本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計，我體會到了團(tuán)隊(duì)的精神的重要性。同時，我也發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在本科階段幾年的學(xué)習(xí)過程中存在著很多不足，尤其是專業(yè)知識的應(yīng)用方面，不能在實(shí)踐中很好的運(yùn)用。通過這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計，使自己有了一種新的感受和認(rèn)識，相信自己在今后的工作和學(xué)習(xí)中將發(fā)揮的更好。由于本人未在生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中真正切切的接觸過減速器及其零部件的設(shè)計生產(chǎn)，因此有些數(shù)據(jù)只是根據(jù)查閱資料獲得，離實(shí)際應(yīng)用可能有些出入。致 謝在這半學(xué)期的畢業(yè)設(shè)計過程中，我遇到了好多困難。在此，我首先要感謝李茂勝老師，正是由于他的指導(dǎo)和幫助我才能順利完成本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計。李老師治學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、知識淵博。在設(shè)計的過程中，李老師經(jīng)常抽出時間和我們一起討論設(shè)計時需要注意的一些問題和要求。我們遇到解決不了的問題，他也會盡快的幫我們解決。其次要感謝系領(lǐng)導(dǎo)給我們畢業(yè)設(shè)計提供一個良好的設(shè)計環(huán)境，便于我們順利的完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計.最后要感謝所有關(guān)心和幫助過我的老師、同學(xué)和朋友們，他們?yōu)槲姨峁┝撕芏嘤袃r值的資料信息，幫我解決了很多難題，并且給了我很多的鼓勵，衷心的感謝你們!參 考 文 獻(xiàn)1 吳彥農(nóng)，康志軍 Solidworks2003實(shí)踐教程 淮陰：淮陰工學(xué)院， 20032 孫江宏，段大高 中文版Pro/Engineer2001入門與實(shí)例應(yīng)用 北京：中國鐵道出版社，20033 徐錦康 機(jī)械設(shè)計 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，20014 葛常清 機(jī)械制圖（第二版） 北京：中國建材工業(yè)出版社，20005 譚浩強(qiáng) C程序設(shè)計（第二版） 北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，20006 徐士良 C程序設(shè)計 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，20047 劉鴻之 C程序設(shè)計題解與上機(jī)指導(dǎo)（第二版） 北京：高等教育出版社，2001 8 呂廣庶，張遠(yuǎn)明 工程材料及成型技術(shù) 北京：高等教育出版社，20019 張彥華 工程材料與成型技術(shù) 北京：北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社，200510 周昌治，楊忠鑒，趙之淵，陳廣凌 機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué) 重慶：重慶大學(xué)出版社，199911 曲寶章，黃廣燁 機(jī)械加工工藝基礎(chǔ) 哈爾濱：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，200212 張福潤，徐鴻本，劉延林 機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)（第二版） 武漢：華中科技大學(xué)出版社，200213 寧汝新，趙汝嘉 CAD/CAM技術(shù) 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，200314 蔡漢明，陳清奎 CAD/CAM建設(shè) 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，200315 司徒忠，李 璨 機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語 武漢：武漢理工大學(xué)出版社，200116 任金泉 機(jī)械設(shè)計課程設(shè)計 西安交通大學(xué)出版社，200517 甘永力 幾何量公差與檢測 上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，2004長春理工大學(xué)光電信息學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計Introduction to the common speed reducerDevice overview：Reducer is the prime mover and work machine independent closed between the transmission device, used to reduce speed and increase torque, in order to meet the job needs, also used for growth in some occasions, known as the accelerator.When choosing reducer should be according to the selection of working machine conditions, technical parameters, the performance of the engine, the factors such as economy, comparing the gabarite of different types and varieties of reducer, transmission efficiency and carrying capacity, quality, price, etc., choose the most suitable speed reducer.Reducer is a relatively sophisticated machinery, the use of its purpose is to reduce rotation speed, increase torque.Structural characteristics ofReducer is mainly composed of transmission parts (gear or worm), shaft, bearing, box and its accessories. Its basic structure has three parts:1gear, shaft and bearing combinationPinion and shaft made of an organic whole, gear shaft, this structure is used in the gear shaft and the diameter of the diameter of the weather related, if the diameter of the shaft is d, the gear tooth root circle diameter for df, when df - d 6 7 mn or less, this structure should be adopted. And when df - d 6 7 mn, separated with gear and shaft for the two parts of the structure, such as low speed shaft and large gear. The gear and shaft circumferential fixed flat linkage, shaft parts shaft shoulder, shaft sleeve and bearing cover is used as the axial fixation. Two shaft adopts the deep groove ball bearings. This combination, the less used to bear radial load and axial load. When the axial load is larger, should adopt angular contact ball bearing, taper roller bearing and deep groove ball bearing and thrust bearing of composite structures. Bearing is the use of the gear rotates splashing through the thin oil, lubrication. Box medium oil pool of the lubricating oil, the rotation gear splash splash into the lid on the inner wall of the inner flow box side groove to points, through the oil flow into the bearing. Nu when oiled gear circumferential speed 2 m/s, or less grease lubricated bearings should be adopted, in order to avoid possible wash it splashing through the thin oil lubricating grease, the oil retaining ring can be used to separate it. To prevent loss of lubricating oil and dust into the trunk, between bearing end cover and outrigger shaft equipped with sealing element.2 bodyEnclosure is the important part in the reducer parts. It is the base of the transmission parts, should have sufficient strength and rigidity.Cabinet is usually made of grey cast iron, for overloading or cast steel casing impact load reducer can also be used. Monomer production reducer, in order to simplify the process, to reduce the cost, can use steel plate welded box.Gray cast iron has good casting and vibration reduction performance. To facilitate the shafting parts installation and disassembly, made along the axis line horizontal split-casing box body. On the box cover and the lower box body with a bolt connection into a whole. The connecting bolt of the bearing should be close to the bearing hole, and the bearing seat at the side of convex set, should have enough supporting material surface, in order to place the connecting bolt, and to ensure that the wrench to tighten bolts need to space. In order to ensure the body has enough stiffness, plus support rib near the bearing hole. In order to ensure the stability and reduce as much as possible on the basis of speed reducer in the mechanical processing of base plane of the area, the case base is generally not used the complete plane.3 reducer fittingsIn order to guarantee the normal work of the speed reducer, in addition to combination of gear, shaft, bearing and the structure design of box body is to give enough attention, also should be considered as reducer oil lubricating oil pool, oil discharge, check the oil level height, processing, maintenance when assembling and disassembling of the box cover and the box of accurate positioning, loading auxiliary parts and components, such as reasonable selection and design.1) inspection to check the meshing condition of transmission parts, and to infuse lubricating oil contents, should be set in the appropriate location of the box body inspection hole. Inspection hole is located in the top lid can be observed directly on the gear mesh part. Normally, inspection hole of cover plate on the box cover with screws.2) the ventilator speed reducer is working, the casing temperature, gas expansion pressure, to make overall thermal air free to discharge, to maintain pressure balance inside and outside, not make the lubricating oil or shaft extension along the points box surface seal leakage cracks and other, usually on the top of the box body installed ventilator.3) bearing cover for the fixed shaft parts of axial position and carry axial load, the bearing hole on both ends with bearing cover closed. Bearing bore of flange type and embedded two kinds. Use hex bolt fixed on the box body, bearing cover is overhang shaft hole, which is equipped with sealing device. Flange type bearing cover has the advantage of tear open outfit, easy to adjust the bearing, but compared with the embedded bearing cover, the number of parts is bigger, the size is bigger, appearance is not smooth.4) positioning pin every time in order to ensure the container cover, remained bearing hole processing accuracy, should be in before finishing the bearing hole, in the box cover and the box seats on the connecting flange of the locating pin. Placed vertically on both sides of the enclosure on the connecting flange, symmetrical body should be symmetrical arrangement, in order to avoid mistake.5) oil level indicator to check the oil in the oil pool reducer hight, often maintain oil pool with just the right amount of oil, usually in the box body is convenient for observation, the oil level is relatively stable, installing the oil level indicator.6) oil drain plug oil change, dirty oil and cleaner emissions, should be in the box seat, at the bottom of the oil pool of the lowest opening oil drain hole location, usually with a screw oil drain plug, oil drain plug and body joint face between gasket shall be leak proof.7) seal screw for strengthening qi box, usually during assembly on housing subdivision surface coated with sodium silicate or sealant, when remove often due to the cementation close is difficult to open. So often the appropriate placement of the box cover connecting flange, work out 2 screw holes, screwing in enlightening the box with a cylindrical side or flat side box screws. Gyration rev box screws can will cover on top. Small reducer also dont have rev. Cases of screw, when the lid with a screwdriver to pry out of the box cover, and the box can be the same as the size of the screw to the connecting bolt at the flange.Main loadMachine with reducer connection work load condition is more complex, has much effect on the speed reducer, is one of the important factors, selection and calculation speed reducer the load state of the work machine (motivation) is the load condition, usually divided into three categories:(1) - even load;(2) - medium impact load;(3) - strong impact load.Design programA, the original design information and data1 the type of prime mover, specifications, speed, power (or torque), the startup characteristic, short-term overload capacity, the moment of inertia, etc.2 the type of machine, specifications, use, speed, power (or torque). Working system: the constant load or changing load and variable load load diagram; Rev., braking and short-time overload torque, start frequency; Shock and vibration levels; Direction of rotation, etc.3the prime mover for machine and connection way of the reducer, shaft and if there is a radial force and axial force.4installation type (reducer and prime mover, the relative position of working machine, vertical and horizontal).5transmission ratio and its error is allowed.6the size and weight requirements.7to the degree of service life, safety and reliability requirements.8environmental temperature, dust concentration, air velocity and environmental conditions such as ph value; (if there is a circulating lubrication and cooling conditions, lubrication station) and the limitation on the vibration and noise.9to the requirements of operation and control.10 the source of material, blank, standard parts and inventory.11factory manufacturing capabilities.12on volume, cost and price requirements.13, the delivery date.The article in the first four is a prerequisite, other aspects according to conventional design, such as the design life is generally! Years. Used for important occasions, reliability should be higher.Second, select the type of gear reducer and installation typeThree, set at the beginning of each process methods and parametersSelected performance level, set at the beginning of the main parts of the gear and the material, heat treatment, finishing methods, lubrication, and lubrication oil.Fourth, determine the transmission seriesAccording to the total transmission ratio, to determine the transmission series and all levels of the transmission ratio.Five, the initial geometry parametersEarly calculate gear transmission center distance (or pitch diameter), modulus and other geometric parameters.Six, the overall design schemeDetermine the structure of the reducer, shaft size, span and the bearing model, etc.Seven, checkCheck the strength of the gear, shaft, key load, calculation of bearing life.Eight, lubrication cooling calculationTo determine the speed reducer and accessoryTen, gear carburized depth is determinedWhen necessary for tooth form and tooth to fix quantity calculation process data.Eleven, drawing construction drawingIn the design should implement national and industry related standards.Using the classification1 reducer in use can be divided into two categories, general reducer and special reducer, design, manufacture and use of the two characteristics of each are not identical. 70-80 - s of the 20th century, reducer technology has made great development in the world, and closely integrated with the development of new technology revolution. The main types: gear reducer; Worm gear reducer; Gear - worm reducer; Planetary gear reducer.2general reducer has a helical gear reducer (including parallel shaft helical gear reducer, worm gear reducer, bevel gear reducer, etc.), planetary gear reducer, cycloid pin wheel reducer, the worm gear and worm reducer, planetary friction type mechanical stepless variable speed machine, and so on.1) cylindrical gear reducerSingle stage level 2, level 2, level 2 above. Decorate a form: expansion, shunt type, coaxial type.2) cone gear reducerUsed for the input shaft and output shaft position into the intersection.3) worm gear reducerIs mainly used for transmission ratio 10 occasions, I drive more compact structure. Its defect is low efficiency. Wide application of Archimedes worm gear reducer.4) gear - worm reducerIf gear drive level at high speed, the structure is compact;If worm transmission at high speed, high efficiency.5) planetary gear reducerWith a range of high transmission efficiency, transmission ratio, transmission power is 12 w 50000 kw, small volume and weight3common types of reducer1) the main characteristics of worm gear and worm reducer is a reverse self-locking function, can have a large reduction ratio, the input shaft and output shaft is not in the same axis, is not in the same plane. But generally larger, transmission efficiency is not high, the accuracy is not high.2) harmonic reducer harmonic drive is to use the elastic deformation of flexible components controlled to transfer movement and power, small size, high precision, but the disadvantage is that soft wheel life is limited, dont impact resistance, rigidity compared with metal parts. Input speed cannot be too high.3) planetary gear reducer, its advantage is more compact in structure, return clearance is small, high precision, long service life, rated output torque can do a lot of. But the price a little expensive. Reducer: in short, generally after the machine power in design and manufacture, the rated power will not change, at this time, the greater the speed, the smaller is the torque (or torque); Speed is smaller, the greater the torque.The transmission ratio distribution principle1 to make the bearing capacity of transmission at all levels are equal;2 make all levels of transmission gear oil immersion depth is roughly similar in;3minimize the reducer for the shape of the size or weight, etcModel selectionAs far as possible choose close to ideal reduction ratio:Reduction ratio = / servo motor speed reducer output shaft speedTorque calculation:For the life of the reducer, torque calculation is very important, and should pay attention to the maximum torque value of the acceleration (TP), which is superMaximum load torque of reducer.Apply power is usually the servo on market model for power, the applicability of the speed reducer is very high, can remain above 1.2 coefficient of work, but in use can also with their own needs to decide:There are two main points:A. choose servo motor output maximum diameter of axle diameter of axle is not greater than form.B. If the computed torque, rotational speed can meet the normal operation, but in the net output servo have insufficient phenomenon, we can in the motor drive, do current limit control, or on the mechanical shaft torque protection, it is very necessary.Installation methodThe correct installation, use and maintenance of the reducer, it is an important link in ensure the normal operation of machinery and equipment. When you install reducer, therefore, please be sure to use related matters in strict accordance with the following installation, assembly and use seriously.The first step is to install before confirm the motor and reducer are intact, and strict inspection of motor and reducer connected each part size matches, here is the positioning convex table of the machine, input shaft and gear reducer groove size and tolerance, etc.The second step is to unscrew the gear reducer dustproof holes on flange lateral screw, adjust the clamping ring dustproof holes and side holes to make it align with each other, and insert the socket head screw. After taking the motor shaft key.The third step is to connect the motor and the reducer nature. Connection must be to ensure the output gear reducer input shaft and motor shaft concentricity is consistent, and the outer flange is parallel. Such as concentricity is inconsistent, can lead to broken motor shaft or reducer gear wear and tear.Check the maintenanceDifferent lubricant mixed ban each other. Oil level screw, oil drain plug and the location of the ventilator is determined by the installation position. Their relative position refer to the installation drawing to determine that speed reducer.One, the oil level checkCut off the power supply, prevent to get an electric shock! Waiting for reducer cooling!Remove the oil level screw check filled with oil.Install the oil level screw.Second, the check of oilCut off the power supply, prevent to get an electric shock! Waiting for reducer cooling!Open the oil plug, pick up sample.Check the oil viscosity index- if oil significantly turbidity, it is recommended that the replacement as soon as possible.To bring oil level screw speed reducer- check the oil level, whether qualified- the installation of oil level screw3the oil replacementAfter cooling oil viscosity increases with difficulty, reducer should be under the running temperature oil change.Cut off the power supply, prevent to get an electric shock! Waiting for reducer cooled down no burning danger!Note: when an oil change speed reducer should still keep warm.Under the oil drain screw one by oil pan.Open the oil level screw, ventilator and oil drain plug.All the oil out.Install drain plug.Injection with brand new oil.Oil shall conform to the installation location.Check the oil level in the oil level screw.Tighten the oil level screw and ventilator.Failure to solveSpeed reducer leakage oil cause analysis and solutionAnalysis of the causes1the pressure inside the tankIn closed reducer, each pair of gears meshing friction will emit heat, according to the Boyle trails by specific law, as the lengthen of running time, the deceleration box temperature gradually raised, and the reduction volume inside the case, so the pressure increase, in the case of lubricating oil splash, sprinkle on the inner wall of the deceleration box. Because the permeability of oil is strong, the overall pressure, which a seal is lax and the oil bleeding out from where.2the structure of the speed reducer design is not reasonable cause oil leakageSuch as design of reducer without ventilation hood, pressure reducer can not be achieved, in the pressure more and more high, oil leakage occurs.3amount to muchReducer in the process of operation, oil pool was badly agitation, lubricating oil splash around in the machine, if the amount is overmuch, make a lot of the place such as lubricating oil accumulation in the shaft seal, joint surface and lead to leakage.4improper maintenance technologyIn equipment maintenance, due to the combined surface dirt removal is not complete, or sealant improper selection, seal, not timely replacement of seals, etc way can also cause oil leakage.Treatment schemeGovernance using polymer composite materials to repair speed reducer leakage oil, polymer composite materials based on polymer, metal or ceramic powder, fiber and other materials for, under the action of curing agent, curing catalyst of composite materials. All kinds of material in performance from each other each other, to produce synergistic effect, the comprehensive performance is better than the original ingredients of composite materials. Have extremely strong sticky relay, mechanical properties, and chemical corrosion resistance and other performance, and therefore is widely used in metal equipment, mechanical wear, scratches, pits, cracks, leakage, repair such as casting sand holes, and chemistry of chemical storage tank, reaction tank, pipe anti-corrosion protection and restoration. For reducer static seal leakage point can use the ka wah polymer composite materials and technology field leakage of governance, without disassembly, polymer composite materials in the leakage of external governance, save time and effort, the effect is immediate, the product has excellent adhesion, oil resistance, and 350% of the tensile strength, overcome the impact of reducer vibration, well solved for many years for the enterprise is unable to solve the problem. If reducer running in static seal leak, the oil level of emergency repairing adhesive available surface engineering technologies NianDu, so as to achieve the aim of eliminate oil leakage.Development trend1high level and high performance. Widely used cylindrical gear carburizing and quenching, grinding, carrying capacity increased by more than 4 times, small volume, light weight, low noise, high efficiency and high reliability.2modular combination design. Basic parameters using priority number, size, parts versatility and interchangeability, series of easy to expand and newer, conducive to tissue mass production and reduce cost.3style diversification, variant design. To get rid of the traditional single base installation, added a hollow shaft mounted, floating bearing base, motor and reducer one-piece, different types, such as multiple mounting surface
收藏