橋式起重機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計【橋式起重機(jī)小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)和起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計】

橋式起重機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計【橋式起重機(jī)小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)和起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計】,橋式起重機(jī)小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)和起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計,橋式起重機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計【橋式起重機(jī)小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)和起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計】,橋式起重機(jī),機(jī)構(gòu),設(shè)計,小車,運行,以及 學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計任務(wù)書信息與機(jī)電工程系 填寫時間：2014年11月18日課題名稱橋式起重機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計學(xué)生姓名專業(yè)、學(xué)號116712154畢業(yè)設(shè)計基本要求、重點需要研究的問題1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計基本要求：完成橋式起重機(jī)主要機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計與計算，繪制零件圖和裝配圖。2、重點需要研究的問題：起升機(jī)構(gòu)、運行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計與計算。計劃進(jìn)度安排1-2周 收集相關(guān)資料，撰寫開題報告，完成開題；3-5周 確定總體方案，學(xué)習(xí)建模軟件；6-8周 理論計算，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，零件圖和裝配圖；9-10周 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，進(jìn)行強度分析，完善設(shè)計；11-12周 撰寫論文 修改圖紙，制作PPT。應(yīng)收集的資料及主要參考文獻(xiàn)1王若梅,方中,伊位忠. 實用起重手冊. 北京：水利電力出版社, 1989.2駱?biāo)鼐?，朱詩?機(jī)械課程設(shè)計簡明手冊.第二版.北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2011.3濮良貴,陳國定. 機(jī)械設(shè)計. 北京：高等教育出版社, 2013.5 4成大先機(jī)械設(shè)計手冊第四版.北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，20015洪家娣,李明,黃興元. 機(jī)械設(shè)計指導(dǎo). 南昌：江西高校出版社, 2006.6吳宗澤.機(jī)械設(shè)計實用手冊.第三版.北京： 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2010.7孫桓，陳作模機(jī)械原理第七版北京：高等教育出版社，2006指導(dǎo)教師（簽名）： 職稱： 系（教研室）主任（簽名）：分管院長（簽章）：本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告設(shè)計題目： 橋式起重機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計 專業(yè)年級： 11級機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 學(xué) 號： 116712154 姓 名： 指導(dǎo)教師、職稱： ） 2015年 1 月 10 日一、本設(shè)計課題的目的意義，主要及擬解決的關(guān)鍵性問題（附參考文獻(xiàn)） 起重機(jī)械是用來對物料進(jìn)行起重、運輸、裝卸或安裝等作業(yè)的機(jī)械設(shè)備。它在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門都有相當(dāng)廣泛的應(yīng)用，在現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)中占有重要地位。起重運輸機(jī)械對于提高生產(chǎn)能力、保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、減輕勞動強度、降低生產(chǎn)成本、提高運輸效率、加快物資周轉(zhuǎn)、流通等方面均有著重要的影響。起重機(jī)械是現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)過程中必不可少的輔助工具，也是合理組織生產(chǎn)不可缺少的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。對安全生產(chǎn)、減少事故更有顯著作用。其中用于生產(chǎn)車間的橋式起重機(jī)，是起重機(jī)的一個主要類型。它是在固定的車間內(nèi)裝卸和搬運物料的，它的起重范圍可以從幾噸到幾百噸。橋式起重機(jī)主要應(yīng)用于大型加工企業(yè)，如鋼鐵、冶金和建材等行業(yè)，完成生產(chǎn)過程中的起重和吊裝等工作。由于橋式起重機(jī)行駛在高空，作業(yè)范圍能掃過整個廠房的建筑面積，具有非常重要的和不可替代的作用，因而深受用戶歡迎，得到了很大發(fā)展。因此橋式起重機(jī)成為起重機(jī)械中生產(chǎn)批量最大、材料消耗最多的一種產(chǎn)品。關(guān)鍵性問題:起升機(jī)構(gòu)、運行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計與計算。參考文獻(xiàn)1王若梅,方中,伊位忠. 實用起重手冊. 北京：水利電力出版社, 1989.2駱?biāo)鼐煸婍?機(jī)械課程設(shè)計簡明手冊.第二版.北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2011.3濮良貴,陳國定. 機(jī)械設(shè)計. 北京：高等教育出版社, 2013.5 4成大先機(jī)械設(shè)計手冊第四版.北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，20015洪家娣,李明,黃興元. 機(jī)械設(shè)計指導(dǎo). 南昌：江西高校出版社, 2006.6吳宗澤.機(jī)械設(shè)計實用手冊.第三版.北京： 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2010.7孫桓，陳作模機(jī)械原理第七版北京：高等教育出版社，2006二、本設(shè)計課題的主要設(shè)計、預(yù)期設(shè)計結(jié)果1.起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計;2.運行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計。預(yù)期設(shè)計結(jié)果：起升機(jī)構(gòu)與運行機(jī)構(gòu)各個方面的性能都能夠趨于最優(yōu)化設(shè)計。三、設(shè)計方法和步驟（1）研究相關(guān)資料，充分的了解橋式起重機(jī)主起升機(jī)構(gòu)的組成，熟悉橋式起重機(jī)的工作原理及其應(yīng)用，明確橋式起重機(jī)的設(shè)計主參數(shù)及其設(shè)計工作重點；（2）查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)熟悉起重機(jī)械設(shè)計規(guī)范，能夠根據(jù)設(shè)計任務(wù)和相關(guān)規(guī)范綜合分析，正確計算、合理選用所需的通用零部件；（3）查閱有關(guān)的書籍掌握橋式起重機(jī)設(shè)計過程及其設(shè)計計算方法。將這些方法運用到設(shè)計的過程中。最后按以下步驟完成設(shè)計：1.首先選擇橋式起重機(jī)主起升機(jī)構(gòu)的傳動方案，作零部件，機(jī)構(gòu)的受力計算，強度校核，同時繪制空間布置圖。在計算與制圖過程中，做到邊算、邊畫和邊修改；2.繪制結(jié)構(gòu)見圖和部件計劃圖；3.參考現(xiàn)有資料，運用機(jī)械設(shè)計理論知識完成起升機(jī)構(gòu)裝配圖；4.繪制運行機(jī)構(gòu)的裝配圖；5.繪制軸和各齒輪的零件圖；6.編寫設(shè)計計算說明書；四、設(shè)計工作的總體安排及進(jìn)度（1）開題報告第1-2周； （2）總體方案選擇、通用零部件選型及相應(yīng)計算第5-7周；（3）總裝配圖第8-10周；（4）部件裝配圖第11-13周；（5）零件工作圖第14周； （6）編寫設(shè)計計算說明書第15周；（7）準(zhǔn)備答辯及答辯第16周五、指導(dǎo)教師審查意見：簽字： 年月日六、系(教研室)審查意見： 簽字： 年月日七、學(xué)院審查意見： 分管院長簽章： 年月日橋式起重機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)金山學(xué)院福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)金山學(xué)院2011級本科生畢業(yè)論文答辯級本科生畢業(yè)論文答辯答辯人：朱濤君專業(yè)：2011級機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化（4）班學(xué)號：116712154指導(dǎo)老師：陳金蘭 講師 簡 介 橋橋 式式 起起 重重 機(jī)機(jī) 的的 機(jī)機(jī) 構(gòu)構(gòu) 設(shè)設(shè) 計計畢畢業(yè)業(yè)論論文文答答辯辯 本論文通過對橋式起重機(jī)中小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)部分和起升機(jī)構(gòu)部分的總體設(shè)計計算，以及電動機(jī)、減速器、卷筒、鋼絲繩、吊鉤的計算選用；運行機(jī)構(gòu)和起升機(jī)構(gòu)的減速器的設(shè)計以及零件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，完成了橋式起重機(jī)的小車兩重要機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)械部分的設(shè)計。通過這一系列的設(shè)計，使起重量達(dá)到50-10T的要求，而且小車運行和起升機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，拆裝方便，維修容易。橋橋 式式 起起 重重 機(jī)機(jī) 的的 機(jī)機(jī) 構(gòu)構(gòu) 設(shè)設(shè) 計計畢畢業(yè)業(yè)論論文文答答辯辯 結(jié)束語結(jié)束語 引言引言 橋式起重機(jī)的整體設(shè)計方案橋式起重機(jī)的整體設(shè)計方案 運行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計運行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計 起升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計起升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計 框架橋橋 式式 起起 重重 機(jī)機(jī) 的的 機(jī)機(jī) 構(gòu)構(gòu) 設(shè)設(shè) 計計畢畢業(yè)業(yè)論論文文答答辯辯 起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡圖機(jī)構(gòu)形式驅(qū)動裝置制動器選擇125運行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計橋橋 式式 起起 重重 機(jī)機(jī) 的的 機(jī)機(jī) 構(gòu)構(gòu) 設(shè)設(shè) 計計畢畢業(yè)業(yè)論論文文答答辯辯 機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計 電動機(jī)選擇3減速器設(shè)計4驅(qū)動形式機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計計算卷筒的設(shè)計125起升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計橋橋 式式 起起 重重 機(jī)機(jī) 的的 機(jī)機(jī) 構(gòu)構(gòu) 設(shè)設(shè) 計計畢畢業(yè)業(yè)論論文文答答辯辯 機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計 電動機(jī)選擇3減速器設(shè)計4吊鉤的選用6使使用用計計算算機(jī)機(jī)進(jìn)進(jìn)行行優(yōu)優(yōu)化化設(shè)設(shè)計計，這這樣樣可可以以使使整整個個機(jī)機(jī)械械的的技技術(shù)術(shù)性性能能提提高高和和減減輕輕自自重。重。遙遙控控系系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)用用于于橋橋式式起起重重機(jī)機(jī)及及其其它移動式起重運輸機(jī)械它移動式起重運輸機(jī)械企企業(yè)業(yè)之之間間密密切切聯(lián)聯(lián)系系和和協(xié)協(xié)調(diào)調(diào)，企企業(yè)業(yè)走向?qū)I(yè)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和系列化走向?qū)I(yè)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和系列化橋橋 式式 起起 重重 機(jī)機(jī) 的的 機(jī)機(jī) 構(gòu)構(gòu) 設(shè)設(shè) 計計畢畢業(yè)業(yè)論論文文答答辯辯 發(fā)展趨勢THANKS謝謝聆聽 說明書設(shè)計題目： 橋式起重機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計 專業(yè)年級： 2011級機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 學(xué) 號： 116712154 姓名： 指導(dǎo)教師、職稱： 2015 年 5 月 16 日 目錄摘要IABSTRACTII1引言- 1 -1.1起重機(jī)概述- 1 -1.2起重機(jī)的分類- 1 -1.3我國起重機(jī)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r- 1 -2橋式起重機(jī)整體設(shè)計方案- 2 -2.1小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計- 2 -2.2起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計- 2 -2.3安全裝置- 2 -2.3.1欄桿和排障板- 2 -2.3.2限位開關(guān)- 2 -2.3.3擋鐵和緩沖器- 2 -3運行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計- 4 -3.1確定小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)形式- 4 -3.2確定小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動裝置- 4 -3.3電動機(jī)選擇- 5 -3.3.1電動機(jī)的靜功率- 5 -3.3.2電動機(jī)初選- 5 -3.3.3電動機(jī)過載校驗- 5 -3.3.4選擇合適的電動機(jī)型號- 6 -3.4減速器的設(shè)計- 6 -3.4.1計算傳動裝置的傳動參數(shù)- 6 -3.4.2 齒輪的設(shè)計- 7 -3.4.3幾何尺寸計算和齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計- 11 -3.4.4低速軸設(shè)計- 12 -3.5制動器選擇- 15 -4起升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計- 17 -4.1 起升機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動形式- 17 -4.2 起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計計算- 17 -4.2.1鋼絲繩的選擇- 17 -4.2.2 滑輪及滑輪組的選擇- 18 -4.3電動機(jī)的選擇- 19 -4.4減速器的設(shè)計計算- 19 -4.4.1 減速器傳動比的計算- 19 -4.4.2 計算傳動裝置的傳動參數(shù)- 20 -4.4.3齒輪設(shè)計- 21 -4.4.4幾何尺寸計算和齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計- 25 -4.4.5軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計- 26 -4.4.6軸的強度校核- 27 -4.5卷筒的設(shè)計- 29 -4.5.1概述- 29 -4.5.2卷筒的設(shè)計計算- 29 -4.6吊鉤的選用- 30 -5結(jié)束語- 31 -參考文獻(xiàn)- 32 -致謝- 33 - 摘要隨著社會的發(fā)展和時代的不斷進(jìn)步，每個行業(yè)之間的競爭越加強烈，所以生產(chǎn)企業(yè)都需要不斷的改進(jìn)設(shè)備和更新生產(chǎn)技術(shù)來提高自己的生產(chǎn)力。起重機(jī)在生產(chǎn)中的作用體現(xiàn)的越來越重要，同時生產(chǎn)要求對起重機(jī)的要求也越來越高，起重機(jī)的性能也更加全面。如今自動化的生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)離不開起重機(jī)械。本設(shè)計主要是對橋式起重機(jī)中的小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)和起升機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計，同時也進(jìn)行了電動機(jī)、減速器、卷筒、鋼絲繩、吊鉤的計算選用；經(jīng)過這一系列的計算設(shè)計，起重機(jī)的起重量可以達(dá)到50-10T，且小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)和起升機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，拆裝方便，維修容易。關(guān)鍵詞： 橋式起重機(jī)； 運行機(jī)構(gòu)； 起升機(jī)構(gòu)； 設(shè)計 ABSTRACT With the progress of the development of society and the times, competition between each industry more strongly, so manufacturers are continually improving and updating production techniques to improve the productivity of equipment. Cranes in the increasingly important role in the production, and production requirements are increasingly high requirements for crane, cranes performance is also more comprehensive. Todays automated production is inseparable from the crane.The design is mainly for bridge crane cart mechanism and institutional design of hoisting mechanism, but also motor, reducer, drum, calculated selection of wire rope, hook and after a series of calculations, crane load capacity can be achieved 50-10T And car running gear and hoisting mechanism is simple in structure, easy, easy maintenance. Keywords: Bridge cranes; running institutions; lifting mechanisms design I 1引言1.1起重機(jī)概述在19世紀(jì)前期，開始有了橋式起重機(jī)。起重機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)當(dāng)中一些容易磨損的部件如軸、齒輪開始逐漸用金屬材料制造。隨著電氣工業(yè)和內(nèi)燃機(jī)工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，20世紀(jì)初期以電動機(jī)或內(nèi)燃機(jī)為動力裝置的起重機(jī)開始出現(xiàn)。起重機(jī)械主要是對重物的起重、裝卸、安裝和運輸?shù)淖鳂I(yè)機(jī)械。隨著社會企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的逐步擴(kuò)大，生產(chǎn)的特殊要求也越來越多，特殊用途的起重機(jī)陸續(xù)誕生。如今，起重機(jī)已成為生產(chǎn)線上不可或缺的重要機(jī)械設(shè)備，起重機(jī)對我國經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)起著不可估量的促進(jìn)作用。1.2起重機(jī)的分類橋式起重機(jī)一般可以分為通用橋式起重機(jī)和冶金橋式起重機(jī)。通用橋式起重機(jī)主要是用來裝卸和調(diào)運物件；冶金橋式起重機(jī)主要是用在冶金生產(chǎn)中。1.3我國起重機(jī)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r改進(jìn)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)，減輕自重國內(nèi)的橋式起重機(jī)已經(jīng)開始使用計算機(jī)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計，這樣可以使整個機(jī)械的技術(shù)性能和減輕自重。吸收利用國外先進(jìn)技術(shù)許多國產(chǎn)起重機(jī)的大小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)不斷吸取國外起重機(jī)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，不斷改進(jìn)設(shè)備，使結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，提高運行機(jī)構(gòu)的性能和壽命，外觀美觀，維修安裝方便。向大型化發(fā)展隨著近年來國家對能源工業(yè)的重視和投資不斷增大，建造了很多大中型水電站，發(fā)電機(jī)組越來越大，這樣對大型的起重機(jī)的需求也開始增加。尤其是長江三峽的建設(shè)對大型起重機(jī)的需求量立馬提升。2橋式起重機(jī)整體設(shè)計方案2.1小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計 橋式起重機(jī)小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)主要由減速器、電動機(jī)、車輪、聯(lián)軸器、傳動軸以及一些附件所組成。在設(shè)計零部件位置時，要盡量使機(jī)構(gòu)總重心趨近于小車架的縱向中心線，以保證小車輪壓較均勻。2.2起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計橋式起重機(jī)起升機(jī)構(gòu)由電動機(jī)、傳動裝置、卷筒、制動器、滑輪組及吊鉤裝置等組成。這些零部件在組成時，要考慮到改善零部件受力的情況，保證外形尺寸和自重最小，保障安全性能使其工作平穩(wěn)，還要考慮裝配維修方便等因素。2.3安全裝置起重機(jī)中的安全裝置包括欄桿、排障板、限位開關(guān)、擋鐵和緩沖器等。2.3.1欄桿和排障板 欄桿保護(hù)維修人員在工作時操作安全。它設(shè)置在小車臺面邊緣上。為了方便小車維修人員上下，在小車的另外兩邊沒有設(shè)置欄桿。排障板裝在小車架端梁的車輪外邊，主要是用來推開小車軌道上可能出現(xiàn)的障礙物，保證小車的正常通行。2.3.2限位開關(guān)限位開關(guān)的作用的限制吊鉤、小車和大車的極限位置。當(dāng)這些機(jī)構(gòu)運行到極限位置的時候，限位開關(guān)自動切斷電源，以防止操作失誤造成的事故。2.3.3擋鐵和緩沖器 緩沖器和擋鐵是為了預(yù)防限位開關(guān)失靈，用次來阻止小車前進(jìn)和吸收撞擊時小車的功能。綜上所述，起重小車總體方案如圖2-1所示。 圖2-1 橋式起重機(jī)小車示意圖3運行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計3.1確定小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)形式起重小車的運行機(jī)構(gòu)是用來承擔(dān)著重物的橫向運動。主要運行機(jī)構(gòu)形式有三種。如圖3-1所示。1-傳動軸 2-大齒輪 3-小車輪 4-減速器 5-制動器 6-電動機(jī)7-軸承 8-主動車輪 9-軌道 10-聯(lián)軸器 11-半齒聯(lián)軸器 12-補償軸圖3-1 運行機(jī)構(gòu)的三種類型本設(shè)計中采用a圖的運行機(jī)構(gòu)類型。在a圖中，小車的主動車輪裝在傳動軸上。傳動軸上設(shè)有大齒輪，由減速器低速軸伸出的小車輪帶動旋轉(zhuǎn)，齒輪沿軌道運行。電動機(jī)與小齒輪之間，用減速器或為一級開式齒輪相聯(lián)接。這種結(jié)構(gòu)類型的優(yōu)點是結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，缺點是車輪部位維修不方便。3.2確定小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動裝置小車運行機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動裝置的組成一般包括電動機(jī)、制動器、傳動裝置和車輪等結(jié)構(gòu)部件。驅(qū)動方式可以分為自行式和牽引式兩種。本設(shè)計運行機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)采用自行式運行機(jī)構(gòu)。自行式運行機(jī)構(gòu)又分為集中驅(qū)動和分別驅(qū)動兩種形式。集中驅(qū)動兩邊的主動輪是用同一臺電動機(jī)傳動軸驅(qū)動。這種機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點是減少了電動機(jī)與減速器的臺數(shù)。缺點是需要傳動系統(tǒng)比較復(fù)雜，而且起重機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的變形，對傳動零件的強度及壽命影響較大，而且成本高，維修不便。根據(jù)本設(shè)計的需求，選擇集中驅(qū)動的低速集中驅(qū)動運行機(jī)構(gòu)。3.3電動機(jī)選擇3.3.1電動機(jī)的靜功率電動機(jī)的靜功率公式： 式中： 靜阻力；初選速度（m/s）； 電動機(jī)傳動效率；可取=0.850.95 幾個電動機(jī)；3.3.2電動機(jī)初選根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)，選擇電動機(jī)可以按下式進(jìn)行初選： 式中：功率增大系數(shù)。室外工作的起重機(jī)，常取=；室內(nèi)工作的起重機(jī)，可取=。結(jié)合本設(shè)計內(nèi)容取速度V=38.2m/min。通過以上公式，帶入本設(shè)計中的數(shù)據(jù) 3.3.3電動機(jī)過載校驗電動機(jī)的過載校驗 式中：電動機(jī)額定功率（kM） 轉(zhuǎn)距標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值；繞線型異步電動機(jī)可取1.7，運行靜阻力（N），運動質(zhì)量轉(zhuǎn)動慣量之和（） 經(jīng)過計算過載校驗合格。3.3.4選擇合適的電動機(jī)型號通過上面決定運行機(jī)構(gòu)電動機(jī)選為：YZR160L-8 3.4減速器的設(shè)計需要設(shè)計的減速器的傳動比不大（經(jīng)試算大約為3.2）而且齒輪是主要受徑向力的作用，因此采用直齒圓柱齒輪減速器。根據(jù)設(shè)計選出來的電動機(jī)，確定電動機(jī)的功率為11KW，所選擇的型號為。3.4.1計算傳動裝置的傳動參數(shù)O軸：O軸即電動機(jī)軸 ）軸：軸即減速器高速軸 軸：軸即減速器中速軸 軸：軸即減速器中速軸 軸：軸即減速器中速軸 運動和動力參數(shù)計算結(jié)果得表3-1所示：表3-1運動和動力參數(shù)軸號功率/KW轉(zhuǎn)速/（r/min）轉(zhuǎn)矩/Nm0111000105.05110.781000102.95210.67500203.8310.35166.66593.08410.0450.811887.073.4.2 齒輪的設(shè)計選定齒輪類型、精度等級、材料及齒數(shù)根據(jù)傳動方案，選用直齒圓柱齒輪傳動。根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3，決定選用7級精度（GB10095-88）。小齒輪材料選用45Cr，硬度為280HBS，大齒輪的材料選用45鋼，硬度為240HBS，其材料硬度相差40HBS。取小齒輪齒數(shù) =16，大齒輪齒數(shù) ，取=51。按齒面接觸疲勞強度設(shè)計1）查參考文獻(xiàn)3試算小齒輪分度圓直徑 試選用載荷系數(shù)=1.52）計算小齒輪傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3取齒寬系數(shù)=1。根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3材料的彈性系數(shù)取。3）計算接觸疲勞許用應(yīng)力查參考文獻(xiàn)，可取安全系數(shù)S=1，失效概率1，得 4）試計算小齒輪的分度圓，代入中較小的值 5）圓周速度v的計算 6）計算齒寬由參考文獻(xiàn)3取=1 7）計算齒寬和齒高之比b/h模數(shù)： 齒高： 8）齒輪載荷系數(shù)的計算由v=2.15m/s，7級精度，根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3取動載系數(shù)Kv=1.10；直齒輪，假設(shè)。由參考文獻(xiàn)3 將數(shù)據(jù)代入后得 由b/h=7.11,=1.391，由參考文獻(xiàn)3得=1.35，則故載荷系數(shù) 由實際載荷系數(shù)校正所計算得到的齒輪分度圓直徑，可得 相應(yīng)的齒輪模數(shù)為 按齒根彎曲強度設(shè)計由參考文獻(xiàn)3得計算公式 根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3，試選；齒形系數(shù)可以取彎曲疲勞強度極限分別為：、；彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù)分別為，；1）齒輪彎曲疲勞許用應(yīng)力的計算由參考文獻(xiàn)3得，安全系數(shù)S=1.4， 2）齒輪載荷系數(shù)K的計算 3）查取齒形系數(shù)由參考文獻(xiàn)3查得 ，；4）校正系數(shù)的查取由參考文獻(xiàn)查3得 ，計算大、小齒輪的，然后進(jìn)行比較 由上式可得大齒輪的數(shù)值較大。設(shè)計計算根據(jù)這個計算結(jié)果，按第一種方法計算的模數(shù)m大于第二種方法計算出來的模數(shù)，彎曲強度決定了齒輪的模數(shù)m?？扇∮升X根疲勞強度計算出來的模數(shù)2.85近似取整為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值m=3,按齒面接觸強度計算出來的分度圓直徑,算出小齒輪齒數(shù)：取大齒輪齒數(shù)：取3.4.3幾何尺寸計算和齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計齒輪分度圓直徑的計算 ；齒輪中心距的計算 齒輪寬度的計算 取。驗算 滿足設(shè)計條件。由于齒頂圓直徑，因此做成腹板式結(jié)構(gòu)實際傳動比；所以實際轉(zhuǎn)速 。 轉(zhuǎn)速誤差因為轉(zhuǎn)速誤小于要求的，因此符合要求。3.4.4低速軸設(shè)計已經(jīng)求得 大齒輪分度圓直徑；所以大齒輪所受的徑向力。確定軸各段的直徑和長度先根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3初步估算軸的最小直徑。選取軸的材料為45鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理。根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3，取，于是得 圖3-2軸的結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖軸上零件的周向定位齒輪、鏈輪與軸的周向定位均采用鍵聯(lián)接。 用A型平鍵，由手冊查得A型平鍵截面（GB109679），鍵長為52mm，選取齒輪輪轂與軸的配合為；同樣，鏈輪與軸的聯(lián)接，選用C型平鍵為 （GB109679），鏈鏈輪與軸的配合為。確定軸上圓角和倒角尺寸根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)4取軸端倒角為，各軸肩處的圓角半徑均為1mm。校核鍵的強度據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3得：聯(lián)接齒輪鍵的強度校核 聯(lián)接鏈輪鍵的強度校核經(jīng)計算符合要求由參考文獻(xiàn)中查得 。所以作簡支梁的軸的支承跨距。將計算出軸的受力情況列于表3-2所示，彎扭矩情況如圖3-3所示。表3-2 軸的受力情況載荷水平面垂直面支反力彎矩M總彎矩扭矩圖3-3軸彎扭校核圖由參考文獻(xiàn)3 及上表中的數(shù)值，取，軸的計算應(yīng)力 根據(jù)3得因此 ，所以安全，因此所選的減速機(jī)的型號滿足要求。 3.5制動器選擇運行機(jī)構(gòu)的制動器一般是安在電動機(jī)的軸端。由于車體質(zhì)量和慣性大的緣故，制動時高速軸具有一定的緩沖作用，這樣可以減少制動時產(chǎn)生的沖擊。制動轉(zhuǎn)距按下式計算： 通過對以上數(shù)據(jù)的計算決定起升機(jī)構(gòu)及運行機(jī)構(gòu)選用如下制動器型號：4起升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計4.1 起升機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動形式起升機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動方式可以分為內(nèi)燃機(jī)驅(qū)動、電動機(jī)驅(qū)動、液壓驅(qū)動三種。本設(shè)計采用電動機(jī)驅(qū)動方式，這是起升機(jī)構(gòu)主要的驅(qū)動方式。起升機(jī)構(gòu)工作要求只有直流電動機(jī)的機(jī)械特性才能適應(yīng)，它的調(diào)速性能好，但是想要獲得直流電源比較困難。 另外，電動機(jī)驅(qū)動方式操縱簡單便于維修，機(jī)組的重量輕，工作可靠性較高，在電動機(jī)起升機(jī)構(gòu)中獲得重要認(rèn)可。4.2 起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計計算4.2.1鋼絲繩的選擇根據(jù)要求選擇鋼絲繩的結(jié)構(gòu)型式鋼絲繩應(yīng)該優(yōu)先選擇線接觸鋼絲繩。根據(jù)鋼絲繩的構(gòu)造特點，并且結(jié)合起重機(jī)的使用環(huán)境和要求來選擇鋼絲繩型號。假設(shè)起升高度18米，考慮到起升高度與實際吊鉤到達(dá)的極限距離有差異，所以吊鉤及抓斗起重機(jī)的高度有20米。所以選擇為6x19W+FC就可以。 確定鋼絲繩直徑計算公式： 式中： 鋼絲繩直徑（mm）；選擇系數(shù)（）查表得：C取0.104；最大工作靜拉力（N）。所以：起升機(jī)構(gòu)的鋼絲繩直徑 鋼絲繩的長度：170米。綜上所述有：起升機(jī)構(gòu)選 。4.2.2 滑輪及滑輪組的選擇滑輪構(gòu)造的設(shè)計鋼絲繩的壽命取決于滑輪的繩槽的形狀及尺寸。1）鋼絲繩與繩槽要保證足夠的接觸面積。槽底如果太窄鋼絲繩會被槽夾住變形，導(dǎo)致鋼絲繩無法正常轉(zhuǎn)動。若槽底太寬，鋼絲繩會受到局部壓力變?yōu)楸馄叫?，容易造成鋼絲繩的疲勞破壞。2）鋼絲繩可以有一定的偏斜角，這樣可以使鋼絲繩與繩槽側(cè)壁不會發(fā)生相互摩擦，通常。3）繩槽要保證足夠的的深度C，用來防止鋼絲繩脫槽。直徑的確定鋼絲繩的使用壽命很大程度上取決于滑輪直徑的大小。增大滑輪直徑越大鋼絲繩的彎曲應(yīng)力和擠壓應(yīng)力越小，這樣可以提高鋼絲繩使用壽命增加。但是滑輪的直徑也不能過小。根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)，滑輪的最小直徑不能小于式中：滑輪最小卷繞直徑（mm）； 與機(jī)構(gòu)工作級別和鋼絲繩結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)的系數(shù)；鋼絲繩直徑（mm）。起升卷筒的最小直徑：=1823=414 (mm)輪的最小直徑： =2023=460 (mm) 滑輪組的確定鋼絲繩和一定數(shù)量的定滑輪與動滑輪組成了滑輪組?；喗M效率的確定 因為滑輪阻力的影響，鋼絲繩各個分支上分到的貨物重量不均勻，所以導(dǎo)致各分支的拉力不相等。先確定滑輪組的效率， 4.3電動機(jī)的選擇 電動機(jī)靜功率的計算： 式中: 主起升機(jī)構(gòu)的靜功率，-副起升機(jī)構(gòu)的靜功率；起升載荷及起升速度；機(jī)構(gòu)總效率，。查參考文獻(xiàn)3 取0.83。電動機(jī)功率的選擇選擇電動機(jī)的功率時要考慮起重機(jī)的類型、用途、以及電動機(jī)的工作特性。繞線形異步電動機(jī)的穩(wěn)態(tài)平均功率為： 式中：G取0.8。因此選擇的起升機(jī)構(gòu)電動機(jī)的型號為： =585r/min 。4.4減速器的設(shè)計計算4.4.1 減速器傳動比的計算由于要求設(shè)計的減速器的傳動比較大,，且齒輪主要受徑向力的作用，于是可采用二級直齒圓柱齒輪減速器。根據(jù)上面設(shè)計出來的起升機(jī)電動機(jī)選擇的型號分為： 、主要性能如表4-1所示， 表4-1 YZR335M-10主要性能型號額定功率/KW滿載轉(zhuǎn)速/（r/min）電流（380v）90585110中心高H外形尺寸底腳安裝尺寸螺栓孔直徑355740840165061056025起升機(jī)構(gòu)傳動比按下式計算： 式中：電動機(jī)額定轉(zhuǎn)速； 卷筒轉(zhuǎn)速。初步確定傳動比和分配傳動比為：，；4.4.2 計算傳動裝置的傳動參數(shù) O軸：O軸即電動機(jī)軸；軸：軸即減速器高速軸 軸：軸即減速器中速軸 軸：軸即減速器低速軸 運動和動力參數(shù)計算結(jié)果得表4-2所示。表4-2 運動和動力參數(shù)軸號功率/KW轉(zhuǎn)速/（r/min）轉(zhuǎn)矩/Nm090.05851469.2188.25851439.8284.55116.36942.8382.0119.3840421.54.4.3齒輪設(shè)計齒輪類型、精度等級、材料及齒數(shù)按本設(shè)計的需求，選用直齒圓柱齒輪傳動。根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3 小齒輪材料為45Cr，所以選用7級精度，硬度為280HBS，大齒輪的材料選用45鋼，硬度為240HBS。取小齒輪齒數(shù) =24，中速軸大齒輪為，取=72。按齒面接觸強度設(shè)計1）由設(shè)計公式進(jìn)行計算，即 試選用載荷系數(shù)=1.32）計算起升減速器小齒輪傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩 根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3取齒寬系數(shù)=1；彈性系數(shù)；根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3取，。3）計算應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù) 根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3?。海?。4）接觸疲勞許用應(yīng)力的計算根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)取安全系數(shù)S=1，失效概率為1，得 5）計算小齒輪的分度圓，代入中較小的值 6）齒輪圓周速度v的計算 7）計算齒寬由參考文獻(xiàn)3取=1 8）計算齒寬和齒高之比b/h模數(shù)： 齒高： 9）齒輪載荷系數(shù)的計算根據(jù)，由參考文獻(xiàn)3取動載系數(shù)Kv=1.10；根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3?。粚?shù)據(jù)代入后得由b/h=12.79,=1.391，由參考文獻(xiàn)3得=1.40，則 10）按實際的載荷系數(shù)計算齒輪的齒輪分度圓的直徑： 計算模數(shù) 按齒根彎曲強度設(shè)計設(shè)計計算公式 根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3取：高速軸小齒輪；由參考文獻(xiàn)3?。海?；。1）齒輪彎曲疲勞許用應(yīng)力的計算取S=1.4，由下式得 2）齒輪載荷系數(shù)K的計算 3）齒形系數(shù)的查取由參考文獻(xiàn)3查得，；4）應(yīng)力校正系數(shù)的查取由參考文獻(xiàn)3查得 ，5）計算大、中、小齒輪的，然后進(jìn)行比較 ； 由上式可得大齒輪的數(shù)值較大。6）設(shè)計計算 將計算得的數(shù)值近似取整為，；按接觸強度計算出來的分度圓直徑,。起升機(jī)構(gòu)減速器小齒輪齒數(shù)為：，取4.4.4幾何尺寸計算和齒輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計計算起升機(jī)構(gòu)減速器分度圓直徑； 計算中心距 計算齒輪寬度 取。驗算 減速器的實際傳動比： 所以實際轉(zhuǎn)速 轉(zhuǎn)速誤差因為轉(zhuǎn)速誤小于要求的，因此符合要求。定軸的最小直徑軸的材料選取為45鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理。根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)3，取Ao=112，于是得4.4.5軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 圖4-1 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖 確定軸的各段直徑和長度 軸上零件的軸向定位齒輪、鏈輪與軸的周向定位都是采用鍵聯(lián)接。由參考文獻(xiàn)得A型平鍵截面（GB109679），鍵長為52mm，齒輪輪轂與軸的配合為；同樣，鏈輪與軸的聯(lián)接，選用C型平鍵為 （GB109679），鏈鏈輪與軸的配合為。選擇軸上圓角和倒角尺寸根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)4取軸端倒角為，每個軸肩處的圓角半徑都是1mm。校核鍵的強度據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)得：聯(lián)接齒輪鍵的強度校核 聯(lián)接鏈輪鍵的強度校核經(jīng)計算符合要求。4.4.6軸的強度校核 根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)得，軸的計算應(yīng)力： 由參考文獻(xiàn)3查得，因此 ，故安全。現(xiàn)將計算出軸的受力列于表4-3所示，彎扭矩如圖4-2所示。表4-3 軸的受力情況載荷水平面垂直面支反力彎矩M總彎矩扭矩圖4-2軸的校核圖4.5卷筒的設(shè)計4.5.1概述起重機(jī)的重要承重部件的卷筒，鋼絲繩通過電動機(jī)的作用得以卷繞來實現(xiàn)起吊重物的下降或提升。4.5.2卷筒的設(shè)計計算卷筒直徑由參考文獻(xiàn)可知不能小于所規(guī)定的數(shù)值，即：式中：卷筒最小直徑（） h為與工作級別有關(guān)的系數(shù)，d鋼絲繩的直徑。設(shè)計時卷筒直徑，即：鋼絲繩的使用壽命受卷筒直徑的大小影響。在起升高度較大時，常選用較大的卷筒直徑，這樣卷筒就不會過長。 卷筒長度計算公式如下： 式中：卷筒總長度；繩槽部分長度，其值為 所以起升卷筒的總長度： =1643.14650318 =55（mm） =55+318+218=145（mm）4.6吊鉤的選用根據(jù)起重量來選擇吊鉤。設(shè)計中起升機(jī)構(gòu)起重的噸位為10T-50T。查參考文獻(xiàn)3得吊鉤為LMD型，鉤號為12，強度等級為T的不帶凸耳自由鍛直柄單鉤。5結(jié)束語經(jīng)過四個多月的努力，我終于完成了橋式起重機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計。在此期間，我完成了設(shè)計方案的確定、計算、CAD繪圖、設(shè)計說明書等工作。這個設(shè)計是我大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)生活中，時間最長，設(shè)計內(nèi)容最多，困難最多的一次設(shè)計。通過老師的指導(dǎo)和自己的堅持努力，最終還是克服了重重困難，完成了這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計。 為了做好這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計，我查閱了很多參考文獻(xiàn)，在這個過程中學(xué)到了很多設(shè)計時可以用到的方式方法。雖然我的設(shè)計在細(xì)節(jié)上有很多不足之處，例如細(xì)節(jié)尺寸的確定問題，計算過程有些就沒有仔細(xì)斟酌，但是對于整體布置方面，我盡量在傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)上讓各部件的布置趨于合理化人性化。 此次畢業(yè)設(shè)計將使我受益終身，讓我明白了只有認(rèn)真踏實，堅持不懈的去做一件事，才會有成功的可能，這對于我在將來的工作和學(xué)習(xí)很有啟發(fā)意義。參考文獻(xiàn)1王若梅,方中,伊位忠. 實用起重手冊. 北京：水利電力出版社, 1989.2駱?biāo)鼐?，朱詩?機(jī)械課程設(shè)計簡明手冊.第二版.北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2011.3濮良貴,陳國定. 機(jī)械設(shè)計. 北京：高等教育出版社, 2013.5 4成大先機(jī)械設(shè)計手冊第四版.北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，20015洪家娣,李明,黃興元. 機(jī)械設(shè)計指導(dǎo). 南昌：江西高校出版社, 2006.6吳宗澤.機(jī)械設(shè)計實用手冊.第三版.北京： 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2010.7孫桓，陳作模機(jī)械原理第七版北京：高等教育出版社，2006致謝由衷的感謝我的導(dǎo)師陳金蘭老師在畢業(yè)設(shè)計過程中對我的幫助。從選題到開題報告，收集資料到理論計算，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計到編寫說明書，都給予了細(xì)致的指導(dǎo)，提出了很多寶貴的意見與建議，她對工作認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，勤勤懇懇的態(tài)度讓我銘記在心。在做畢業(yè)設(shè)計過程中，她耐心的回答我遇到的問題，在此我向他致以深深的謝意！同時我要感謝周圍同學(xué)對我的計過程提出的寶貴建議和對我的幫助。沒有他們的幫助指導(dǎo)和提供資料，想在短短的幾個月的時間里完成一個起重機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計是非常困難的。在完成設(shè)計后，心里很是感動和激動。從開始進(jìn)入課題到設(shè)計的順利完成，有太多的老師、同學(xué)、朋友給予我很大的幫助，在這里我真心的向他們表示感謝！- 30 - 邵陽學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)The reasonable of the bridge type derrick chooses to usePeking rises heavy conveyance machine graduate school Xu leiAbstract : Rationally selecting cranes are essential to efficiently using them. This paper presents the principles and methods for selection of overhead travelling cranes , including the selection of basic parameters , construction types and operating conditionsKey words : Overhead travelling crane Selection Principle MethodAlong with modern industrial and quick develop to extend with the production scale, the material transports the expenses is more and more high in the comparison in the production cost.Therefore how right choose to use the derrick reasonably, to increase rate of production, develop the valid function of the derrick well, satisfy the usage requests, lowering the usage cost, increasing economic performance, insure the movement the safety to all have the very important meaning.1 The choice of the basic parameter The main function in derrick in token in basic parameter characteristic of the derrick with homework ability, is a basic basis that derrick exactitude choose to use.The basic parameter of the bridge type derrick includes to rise weight, rises to go up a Class and work speed with across an etc.1.1 Rise weightAllows to rises once when derrick is normal to work the biggest quantity that mourn call the sum settles to rise weight.Mourn the sum that hook the derrick settles to rise the weight does not include to mourn the hook with move pulley set of self-respect.Grasp the cape to account into with the quantity that electromagnetism sucker wait to take the thing the device the sum settles to rise weight inside.Press standard to rule, the bridge type derrick rises what weight series adopt is a R10 to have the initiative the few department, starting from the 312 ts, pressing 1125 ratios pass to increase to 4,5,613,8,10,1215,16,20,25,32,40,50 t.But the current local bridge type derrick product just is tradition according to the production of many years, win election from the above few row a the part constitutes to rises physically weight series.The most in common use series is 5 ts,10 ts,16 ts,20 ts,32 ts with 50 ts.Usually, be to rise weight over 10 t the hour establishes two rises to rise the organization, then the lord rises to rise the organization with vice- Rises to rise the organization, two rise the ratio of the weight roughly 1 4.The lord rises to rise the organization rises the weight is big, rises to mourn heavy goods in order to; vice- rises to rise the organization rises the weight is small, but speed than quick, rises to hang lighter goods or make to lend support to the sex work in order to, to increase the work efficiency.General at the request of mays meet biggest to rises to mourn the heavy thing to make sure to rise with the derrick weight, consider at the same time the term or craft process that turn carry the work of.The derrick disallows to overload the usage, the so that is rises to mourn the thing to usually take place the situation of the variety, the derrick should consider the certain amount of .Under some circumstances, occasionally needs to mourn to carry excess article, can use two pedestal derricks be in conjunction with the homework.Fix in the craft process, rises to mourn the thing weight basic constant, derrick the circumstance that basic capacity load use next, can cancel the vice- rising rise the organization, toing simplify the construction of the derrick, declining low cost.The big tonnage bridge type derrick of the abroad too and is not all take what vice- rising rise the organization, but choose to pack according to the demand.1.2 Rises to rise the high degreeRises to go up a the distance of lead for ising to points from ground to taking the thing equips the tallest rising rises the position.If take the thing equip to need the whereabouts goes to ground below homework, from ground to take the thing the device the lowest descending put the distance of lead of the position calls the bottom puts the depth.At this time the gross rises to go up a the degree is a ground to rises to go up above a the degree puts the depth it down below with the ground with.Rise the choice that rise press homework request highly but settle.The in general use bridge type risesThe heavy machine will rise to go up generally the degree limits in the 20 ms including.Because over a boundary for then wanting in rises to rise the organization special steel wire in adoption rope involution method or enlarging a size, making rising heavy small car arranging appearing difficulty, and enlarging derrick size.Request to the car homework that pack the derrick, in made sure rose went up first degree, should still consider to go together with to belong to of hanged high degree that had with the vehicle, then guarantee derrick can pack the biggest and high product into the car.The ships that used for the derrick pack to unload and should consider the influence that tidewater rise falls.1.3 Work ClassThe place that bridge type derrick install is similar to the term difference of the usage is very big, rose the exploitation degree of the heavy ability with worked the frequency is each not.Use the derrick reasonably for the sake of the economy, need to choose the fit work Class according to the work term of the derrick.The work Class of the bridge type derrick is divided into the A1 A8 totally 8 classeseseseses, can according to the exploitation grade of the derrick with carry the the appearance of carries the the the carries the carries, namely according to the busy degree in usage of the derrick with load down the degree pass calculation is certain.The derrick counts circularly in the period in valid life span total work having certainly.A work circulation of the derrick homework is from prepares to rise to mourn the product start, arriving a whole homework for rises to mourn the product process.The work circulates to amount the exploitation degree of the token derrick.For easy to compute, will work the circulation amount to be divided into 10 exploitations grade within the scope of its possible, seeing the table 1.The load appearance enunciation derrick that carry the importance degree suffers to carry.Carrying the appearance of load has something to do with two factors: A function for is physically rising rising carrying load Qi and sum settling carrying load Qmax it ratio, another is physically rising rising carrying load Qi number of times Ni circulates with work the ratio that amount the N.The name carries the coefficient of load is divided into 4 classeseses, see the table 2, the derrick carries load coefficient KQ can press type calculation:Table 1 the exploitation grade of the derrickMake use of the gradeWorking the circulation amountsUsage circumstanceU01.6 104Dont usually useU13.2 104U26.3 104U31.25 105U42.5 105Usually light free usageU55 105Usually break to use continuouslyU61 106Not usually busy usageU72 106Busy usageU84 106U9 4 106According to KQ that compute the income, the name that can check from the table a carries the coefficient of load .Table 2 derrick names carry the coefficient of load.Carry the appearance of loadThe name carries the load coefficient KQMake use the feeling circumstanceThe Q1 is light01125Seldom rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load ,Rises to hang the light carrying the load generallyQ2 inside0125Sometimes rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load,Rises to mourn generally inside etc. Carry the loadThe Q3 is heavy015Usually rises to hang the sum settle to carry the load,Rises to hang the more heavy carrying the load generallyQ4 with heavy110It is multifarious to rises to hang the sum settles to carry the loadMade sure the exploitation grade of the derrick with carry the load appearance hereafter, can press table 3 the work Class of certain derricks.Table 3 derrick work ClassCarry the loadAppearanceThe name carries the load coefficient KQMake use of the gradeU0U1U2U3U4U5U6U7U8U9The Q1 is light01125A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8Q2 inside0125A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8The Q3 is heavy015A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8Q4 with heavy110A2A3A4A5A6A7A8The in common use work in derrick in type in bridge Class also can according to the table 4 choose Table 4 bridge type derrick work Classes choose to use the for instanceDerrick useWork termWork ClassThe electricity stands, the car drives to rise with the manpower machineLight free in usageA1The electricity stands to use the derrickLight free in usageA1 A3Maintain to use the derrickThe usage is little, the usually light burthen usesA1 A3Car and warehouses use the derrickUsually break to use continuouslyA3Car and warehouses use the derrickBusy usageA4 A5The heavy work car uses the derrickHeavy usageA6Goods field、Anticipate field Use the derrickGrasp grap or electromagnetism sucker type, busy usagesA6The metallurgy factory cast, clips the derrick of pincersThe usage is multifarious and load down the usageA7The metallurgy factory takes off tablet, add to anticipate the derrickThe usage is multifarious and heavy to carry the usageA81.4 The work is flat-outThe work speed of the bridge type derrick includes to rise to rise the speed, the small car circulates the speed circulates the speed with big car.The flat-out choice in work is decided by various factors.Have something to do with rising weight first, inside, small rise the derrick of the weight choose to use the high speed to increase rate of production, big rise the derrick of the weight is proper to choose to use the low speed the since low driving the power, the steady that increase to circulate with safety.The work speed still is decided by the work Class to request with the usage, working the Class is high and usually use, request the high derrick in rate of production chooses to use the high speed; the work Class is low and used for the work organization eligibility that adjustment circulate uses the low speed; used for only the equipments install to is in addition to choosing to use the low speed with the derrick that maintain, can also according to demand, adopt double soon( quick, slow soon), tiny soon or adjust soon.The adoption changes the frequence adjust to can be made soon work speed at 1 a regulates arbitrarily.Work the speed return to have something to do with the service space size of the derrick, circulating the road grow, rises to go up a big and proper choose to use the high speed.When the derrick circulates the road shorter, the not proper adoption is super-speed, the in order to prevent dids not start to complete and then start the system moves.But along with modern industrial development, do large quantity turn the derrick that carry the work to adopt gradually the super-speed a derrick for, installing maintaining using large quantity adoption adjusts soon.To the derrick of the some special function, if used for the derrick of the work a fire homework, should have the fleetness descent device; big rises to rise the high derrick in addition to should appropriately increasing rises to rise speed, it is also heavy to carry to adopt the low speed and get empty to carry the adoption high speed, or adopt the measure acquire the higher descent the speed, with increase rate of production.1.5 Across degreeThe level distance of the big car in derrick in type in bridge movement orbit center line calls to across degree.The derrick acrosses a width for being decided by the service space primarily, useding for the derrick in the factory premises across a width for being decided by the building.For making across a degree the parameter series turns, bridge type derrick of in common use across the degree is each to a the class, the concrete number sees the table 5.Rise weight a derrick for below to should each factory premises across a hoist for having the two kinds of acrossing a value, in the factory premises above beam to stay the circumstance of the safe passage up to use the small value down.Such as at there is an on same orbit above of derrick, also there is a derrick for below, the derrick acrosses a rises for by the an above heavy machine chooses ?When same across the inside has two layer derrick, the number inside the watch is applicable to the upper level derrick only, the bottom layer derrick acrosses a value in response to for integral times of the 015 ms.When across the degree not agree with to match the form inside a row number hour belong to the special design derrick generally.Table 5 bridge type derricks across a series The factory premises acrosses degree9121518212427303336The derrick acrosses degreeRise weight3The 50 ts of 7.510.513.516.519.522.525.528.531.571013161922252831Rise weight80-250 161922252831342 The choice of the structure formFit bridge in choice, rise heavy small car, manipulate the way with take the thing equips the etc., can make bridge type derrick under every kind of particular gearing size with the homework method satisfied the usage the request betterly.2.1 BridgeThe bridge is a metals construction loading corpus.The bridge of the bridge type derrick contain single beam bridge with 2 typeses: a beam bridge, from a root or two main beams with locate to across an one for each of both sides carry the beam constitutes.While rising the weight a circumstance for below, work Class lowerly, acrossing aly smallerly, circulating the speed request to be not high, the derrick is not multifarious to use, the general eligibility uses single beam bridge.This kind of single beam derrick usually adopts the electricity moves the bottle gourd conduct and actions rises to rise the organization, for this reason construction tightly packed, self-respect and light, the price is too lower.Under the other circumstance the eligibility chooses a beam bridge, the stability likes, suffering the dint term like, circulating the function too better.For satisfying the structural request in building in particular factory premises, the form of the bridge can adopt the homologous variety.General circumstance next, main beam with carry the way that beam adopt level conjunction, manufacturing simple, adjust convenience, see figure 1 a.Sometimes the factory premises constructs the construction already certain, for satisfying to rise weight with rises to go up a request, while rising the extremely high circumstance in heavy small car, can adopt the main beam descend the cave form, seeing figure 1 b.Sometimes for the sake of high degree that lower the factory premises hoist beam, alleviate to the best the factory premises construct the construction weight, canning adopt the main beam with carry the beam do not wait the high conjunction method, seeing figure a 1 d.2.2 Rise heavy small carFigure 1 main beam with conjunction method that carry the beamRise heavy small vehicle-use come to realizes the rise and fall that rises mourn the thing with along bridge a work for of movement, its function directly affecting whole pedestal derrick function.On the general adoption in derrick in type in bridge in a beam the place type rises heavy small car, loading the ability is big, circulating steady, but the shape size is big.This kind of rises the heavy small car top arranges the electric motor and decelerate generally the machine, book constitutes of rising and rising organization.For lowering the building the high degree, the alleviation holds with dignity, simplifying the construction, canning adopt the electricity move bottle gourd the conduct and actions rises to rise the organization.The electricity moves whole machine of the bottle gourd bridge type derrick hold with dignity to lighter than the former 30% or so, the more suitable for factory premises construct to the high degree and a circumstance for pressing limit settling, now abroad already large quantity uses.The single beam derrick usually adopts the electricity moves the bottle gourd conduct and actions rises to rise to circulate the organization with the small car, and hang the lower part in single beam.This kind of construction is more agile, self-respect and lighter.But the bottle gourd descends to place and would affect to rise to go up degree.Sometimes construct the high degree in the factory premises low, but want again to increases to rise to rise possibly the high circumstance descend, the eligibility uses the low building high degree gives or get an electric shock to move the single beam in bottle gourd derrick.This kind of derrick moves the bottle gourd to the electricity to settle the flank in single beam, attaining the increment rises to rise the high purpose.This kind of derrick need to be taken extreme measure, moving to the hang type electricity the bottle gourd need the increment goes together with the heavy toing hold the balance, but also increased to hold with dignity; small car in another adoption side hang type, also can make use of the space effectively, but the small car construction sophisticates, will return to the main beam the affixture a twists the T .2.3 Manipulate the wayAdopting rises weight big, work Class high, circulate flat-out and quick derrick, very much the driver room manipulates the way, toing insure the movement the safety.The driver room usually all fixs in bridge a side of.If the derrick acrosses a very big, under the situation of rises to mourn the homework complicacy, can choose to use the driver room with rise form that heavy small car exercise together.Sometimes return the eligibility use the driver room can is ambulatory along the main beam as ones pleases of form, operate more convenient.Circulate the speed in the derrick slow, the route of travel is short, the work is not busy, and request the driver to hang, take off the circumstance of the hook directly; in the factory premises low and short or the ground equipments is high, cant install the circumstance of the driver room; have the harmful air in the factory premises upper part, cant can adopt under the situation of derrick ascending manipulating the ground manipulate.The ground manipulates the movement speed of the derrick generally not over 45 ms/ min.The ground manipulates the hand electricity door is fixed, the hand gives or get an electric shock the door moves with the small car, the hand gives or get an electric shock the door moves a few methods as ones pleases, can choose to use according to the demand.Because the adoption ground manipulates have the electric cable connect with each other, operating must follow behind the derrick exercises, therefore can also adopt the lead-in control from a distance to manipulate the way, including red and outside light or wirelesses control from a distance, making derrick manipulated more vivid convenient.This kind of manipulate the way to have got the extensive adoption abroad.2.4 Taking the thing equipsThe choice takes the thing device fitly, producing to the safety with increases to produce the efficiency have the important meaning.Because the bridge type derrick packs the object category that unload the product numerous, have results to show a piece, spread a grain with the etc. of the liquid, their physics function with several why each of shape is characteristic.Pack to unload the work for the sake of orientation various product, take in common usely the thing equip to mourn the hook, grasp the cape , electromagnetism sucker, ring and tie to have, clip the pincers , vacuum sucker and anticipate the cape , prosperou