（課標(biāo)卷）高中英語(yǔ) Unit9 Wheels綜合檢測(cè) 北師大版必修3

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1、Unit 9　Wheels (滿分：120分；時(shí)間：100分鐘) Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分) 1．—No，I'm afraid he isn't in.This is his secretary speaking.Can I help you? —________. A．Oh，you will B．Oh，that's a pity C．I think so D．Well，I look forward to hearing from you 2．The wheat crop this year is not promising because the _

2、_______ from frost is too great. A．destroy　　　　　　 B．reduction C．damage D．break 3．—I suggest we set up an out-of-class club. —Great！That's exactly what I ________. A．have been thinking B．think C．had thought D．will think 4．Whatever he promises，you can't ________ anything. A．rely on B．rely o

3、n him to do C．depend on D．a(chǎn)dvise him to do 5．—What about your headache? —Thanks to the medicine，it is becoming less ________. A．frequent B．common C．regular D．convenient 6．(2013·許昌高一調(diào)研)This September over 500 students from our school ________ universities. A．a(chǎn)dmitted to B．were admitting to

4、 C．have admitted to D．were admitted into 7．I would appreciate ________ back this afternoon so that we can make an early decision. A．you to call B．you call C．your calling D．you're calling 8．(2013·邢臺(tái)高一質(zhì)檢)I will write the report as soon as I ________ the experiment. A．will finish B．will have

5、finished C．finished D．have finished 9．The children should be ________ for cleaning their own rooms. A．watchful B．responsible C．present D．popular 10．The Beijing express(特快)had________ on the station when we hurriedly got to the platform. A．pulled on B．pulled out C．pulled round D．pulled of

6、f 11．—What about the tie your mother bought for you? —It ________ my suit well. A．fits B．matches C．balances D．satisfies 12．In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help ________ there is human suffering. A．whoever B．however C．whatever D．wherever 13．(2013·安徽高考)________in the early 2

7、0th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art. A．To found B．Founding C．Founded D．Having founded 14．(2013·重慶高考)It was with the help of the local guide________the mountain climber was rescued. A．who B．that C．when D．how 15．The elderly need special care in winter，as they are

8、 ________ to the sudden change of weather. A．sensitive B．flexible C．positive D．senseless Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分) There have been many great inventions，which have changed the way we live. The first great invention was one that is still very important today—the __16__.This made it __17__

9、to carry heavy things and to travel long distances. For hundreds of years after that there were __18__inventions that had as much effect as the wheel.Then in the early 1800s the world started to __19__.There was little unknown land __20__ in the world.People didn't have to __21__ much any more.They

10、 began to __22__ instead to make life better. In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. __23__ them were the camera，the electric light and the radio.These all became a big __24__ of our life today.The first part of the 20th century __25__ more great inventions：the hel

11、icopter in 1909，__26__movies in 1926，the computer in 1928 and jet planes in 1930.This was __27__ a time when a new material was first made.Nylon __28__ out in 1935.It changed the kind of clothes people__29__. The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people __30__over diseases.Th

12、ey worked very well.They made people healthier and let them __31__ long lives.By the 1960s most people could __32__ to live to be at least 60.By this time most people had a very good life.Of course new inventions __33__ to be made.But man now had a desire to __34__ again.The world is known to man b

13、ut the stars are not yet.Man began looking for __35__ to go into space.Russia made the first step.Then the United States took a step.Since then other countries，including China and Japan，have made their steps into space. 16．A.paper B．wheel C．car D．train 17．A.faster B．easier C．harder D．slower

14、 18．A.more B．many C．few D．some 19．A.grow B．turn C．become D．change 20．A.left B．remained C．stayed D．kept 21．A.work B．explore C．hunt D．travel 22．A.fish B．play C．work D．study 23．A.In B．Among C．Between D．During 24．A.part B．change C．play D．role 25．A.made B．took C．did D．saw

15、 26．A.sound B．noise C．voice D．speech 27．A.neither B．a(chǎn)lso C．too D．either 28．A.made B．went C．came D．worked 29．A.did B．made C．thought D．wore 30．A.get B．come C．take D．turn 31．A.live B．keep C．stay D．make 32．A.try B．like C．expect D．seek 33．A.continued B．had C．supposed D．want

16、ed 34．A.work B．beg C．explore D．change 35．A.chances B．ways C．machines D．planes Ⅲ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每題2分，滿分30分) A Last July，my 12yearold car died on California's Santa Ana Freeway.It was an hour before sunset，and I was 25 miles from home.I couldn't reach anyone to pick me up，so I decided to take

17、 a bus.Not knowing the routes，I figured I'd just head east. A bus pulled up，and I asked the driver how far she was going.“Four more lights，”she said.There was another bus I could take from there.This clearly was going to be a long night. She dropped me off at the end of her route and told me which

18、 bus to look for.After waiting 30 minutes，I began to think about a very expensive taxi ride home.Then a bus pulled up.There was no lighted number above its windshield(擋風(fēng)玻璃)．It was out of service.But the door opened，and I was surprised to find that it was the same driver. “I just can't leave you her

19、e，” she said.“This isn't the nicest place.I'll give you a ride home.” “You'll drive me home in the bus？”I asked，puzzled. “No，I'll take you in my car，”she said. “It's a long way，”I protested. “Come on，”she said.“I have nothing else to do.” As we drove from the station in her car，she began tellin

20、g me a story.A few days earlier，her brother had run out of gas.A good Samaritan picked him up，took him to a service station and then back to his car.“I'm just passing the favor along，”she said. When I offered her money as a thank-you，she wouldn't hear of it.“That wouldn't make it a favor，”she said.

21、“Just do something nice for somebody.Pass it along.” 36．Why did the writer say that he would have a long night? A．He wondered how long he had to wait for the next bus. B．No driver would give him a ride. C．He didn't know the routes. D．He perhaps would have to take a taxi. 37．Why did the writer

22、change his mind after waiting for 30 minutes at the end of the route? A．No bus would come at the time. B．A taxi ride would be more comfortable. C．He became impatient and a bit worried. D．He knew the driver would never return. 38．The bus driver drove the writer home later because ________. A．sh

23、e happened to go in the same direction B．she wanted to do something good for other people C．her brother told her to do so D．she wanted to earn more money 39．The bus driver hoped that the writer ________. A．would do as she did B．would keep her in memory C．would give the money to others D．woul

24、d do her a favor B Audrey Hepburn won an Academy Award as Best Actress for her first major American movie，Roman Holiday，which was released(發(fā)行)in 1953.But she is remembered as much for her_aid_work as for her acting. Born in Belgium in 1929，Audrey's father was British and her mother was Dutch. Au

25、drey was sent to live at a British school for part of her childhood.During World War Ⅱ，she lived and studied in the Netherlands.Her mother thought it would be safe from German attacks.Audrey studied dance as a teenager and during college when she returned to London after the war.But she realised she

26、 wasn't going to be a ballerina(芭蕾舞女演員)．So she began taking acting parts in stage shows.Later she began to get small parts in movies. But it was Audrey Hepburn's move to America that brought her true fame.In 1951 she played the character“Gigi”in the Broadway play of the same name to great critical(

27、關(guān)鍵的，重要的)praise.Two years later，Roman Holiday made her a star at the age of 24. Audrey made more than 25 movies.Among her most popular roles was Holly Golightly in Breakfast at Tiffany's in 1961.Three years later she played Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady. She was married two times and had one son

28、by each husband.In 1989，the UN Children's Fund named Audrey a goodwill ambassador(親善大使，特使)．She travelled all over the world in support of UNICEF projects.The UN agency said she was a tireless worker.She often gave 15 interviews a day to gain money and support for UNICEF projects. Audrey Hepburn oft

29、en said her loyalty to UNICEF was the result of her experiences as a child during World War Ⅱ.She said she knew what it was like to be starving and to be saved by international aid.She was a goodwill ambassador until her death in 1993 from colon cancer(結(jié)腸癌)． 40．In Paragraph 1，“her aid work”means___

30、_____. A．winning an Academy Award as Best Actress B．taking acting parts in stage shows C．making movies D．a(chǎn)cting as a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF 41．The reason why Audrey lived and studied in the Netherlands was that________. A．she wanted to be a ballerina B．her parents were from Britain C

31、．the education there was excellent D．it was safe there 42．We can infer from the passage that ________. A．Audrey's parents lived in Germany during World War Ⅱ B．Audrey lived in America in the 1950s C．Audrey was made to give up dancing D．the character“Gigi”in the Broadway play was her most popul

32、ar role 43．________is NOT mentioned in the passage about Audrey Hepburn. A．Marriage B．Identity C．Contribution D．Religion C Bullies(欺凌弱小者)often bully students who are lonely.They do it over and over，but the students usually don't tell anybody they are being bullied because they are afraid of t

33、he bullies. These students don't know how to stop the bullies and are very unhappy.Some don't see a solution and don't want to be bullied any more，so they decide to commit suicide(自殺)． On the Internet，there are many stories about bullying victims who killed themselves.Here are three we read about

34、online. A 14-year-old girl in Canada was bullied all the time by three girls in her class.The girls even called her on the telephone to bully her.She was afraid to stand_up_to them and never told anyone about the situation.She was miserable and didn't want to be bullied again，so she killed herself.

35、 A 14-year-old boy in Canada was also bullied a lot.He was miserable，but he did not talk to anyone either.Finally，he wrote a note to his parents.He told them that he was scared of the bullies and didn't know what to do.Then he jumped off a bridge. In England，a 13-year-old girl was bullied because

36、she was very tall.She was scared of the bullies，but she also never told anybody what the bullies was doing.She was so unhappy that she committed suicide. These young students were lonely and unhappy.They did not know how to stop the bullies，so they killed themselves.We need to notice when students

37、 are victims(受害者)and desperate.Then we can help them before they decide to commit suicide. 44．The reason why victims keep silent about bullying is that________. A．they don't want to take that seriously B．they are too shy to say that to others C．bullies may have ordered them not to tell others ab

38、out that D．they want to solve the problems by themselves 45．The underlined phrase“stand up to”in Paragraph 4 refers to________. A．face bravely B．beat C．bully D．met 46．What should those who are bullied do in order to stop being bullied again? A．They should have the bullies beaten by others.

39、B．They should try their best to fight against them. C．They should tell others about the matter and ask them for help. D．They should try to avoid meeting them again. D When you are deciding which wheels are right for you，there are quite a few choices.Here are some tips that may be helpful in ch

40、oosing a wheel. Steel wheels—offered mostly for off-road or as a low cost alternative to aluminum(鋁)．Steel wheels can be improved by making small changes with a spray can or brush if the need ever arises.A chromed steel wheel is likely to rust and is likely to need repair，especially in areas that u

41、se salt on the roads in the winter.They are heavier than aluminum wheels，thus，add some additional stress to suspension and braking(剎車)parts.Another downfall of steel wheels is that they are hand-built wheels and have lower ability of bearing in regard to run in，sometimes causing shaking problems on

42、the street. ALWAYS dry your wheels off after going through a car wash.The chemicals used in car washes these days can leave dirty spots that are difficult，if not impossible，to get rid of. ALWAYS wash the road salt off your wheels as soon as possible.Salt can eat into the last part of a wheel and l

43、eave pits and stains that cannot be fixed. ALWAYS check the directions on a cleaner before you use it on your wheels or tyres.Some tyre cleaners will forever discolour wheels and some wheel cleaners contain acids that will eat certain types of wheels. 47．The passage mainly tells us about________.

44、 A．how to repair and fix wheels B．how to buy and wash wheels C．how to introduce and use wheels D．how to choose and protect wheels 48．If you are a driver，you should better buy________. A．steel wheels B．a(chǎn)luminum wheels C．iron wheels D．plastic wheels 49．If a driver has bought steel wheels，____

45、____. A．braking parts of the wheel are not quick B．the wheels must leave a lot of dirty marks C．sometimes the wheels will cause shaking on roads D．he can save a lot of money in repairing his car 50．According to the passage，a driver should________. A．pay special attention to his car's wheels B

46、．make less use of salt to protect and repair his car's wheels C．let acids eat certain types of wheels D．often wash his car and keep it away from danger Ⅳ.閱讀填句(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分) Dear Boris， 　51　 After I had spent a week with my English family, I slowly began to understand their English a little

47、 better.　52　Students in my group are from different cities of Britain and their dialects are different too! Some of their accents are quite strong and they also have their own words and expressions. 　53　Before I came to England I had thought that fish and chips were eaten every day.That's quite wr

48、ong! I get rather annoyed now when I hear all the foolish words about typical English food. I had expected to see “London fog”. Do you remember our texts about it? We had no idea that most of this “thick fog” disappeared many years ago when people stopped using coal in their homes. But the idea

49、to speak about weather was very helpful.　54　On the other hand, habits are different. People tell me what is typical British here in London is not always typical in Wales or Scotland.　55　 But what is ordinary for all British is that they follow traditions(傳統(tǒng)). Probably Britain has more living signs

50、 of its past than many other countries. And people have always been proud of having ancient(古老的) buildings in capitals, big cities and the countryside. I will tell you more about Britain in my other letters. Love from Britain. A．The weather in London is really changeable. B．I have difficulty in

51、 understanding my classmates. C．Thanks for your nice letter. D．The family I live with are friendly. E．It's very different from what I learned at school. F．Local habits and traditions are not the same as what we knew. G．But it's not the language that's different and surprising. Ⅴ.短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題；每小題

52、1分，滿分10分) As winter holiday are coming soon, my classmates are trying very hard to get train tickets to go to home. After make up my mind, I decided to stay in Shanghai where my university is. This is the first time that I spent the Festival away from home. My parents agreed to visit me, but I will

53、 have a different festival. When they came here, I will show them around my university and the city just as well. I have decided to buy them some nice gift. It will be the big surprise for them. Our parents have done a lot for me, and I think it is high time that I did something specially to express

54、 my thanks. Ⅵ.書(shū)面表達(dá)(滿分25分) 你所在的班在英語(yǔ)課上討論“What are the advantages and disadvantages of public transportation？”。你所在的小組主要就公交車進(jìn)行了討論。假設(shè)你是小組長(zhǎng)，現(xiàn)在由你根據(jù)本組的討論結(jié)果用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一份簡(jiǎn)短的口頭報(bào)告。以下是小組討論過(guò)程中所作的記錄。 利 弊 票價(jià)；環(huán)保；緩解交通擁擠；泊車壓力小 候車；路線(route)固定、缺乏靈活性；擁擠、不舒服 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．包含所有要點(diǎn)； 3．注意語(yǔ)篇連貫，可根據(jù)需要增加內(nèi)容。 _________________

55、______________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 綜合檢測(cè)(三) 1．C　句意：——不，他不在。我是他秘書(shū)。我可以代勞嗎？——我看可以吧。A項(xiàng)說(shuō)法太生硬，似乎在命令別人做某事，B項(xiàng)顯然不恰當(dāng)；D項(xiàng)不合此時(shí)的語(yǔ)境；C項(xiàng)正合題意。

56、 2．C　句意：今年小麥好收成的希望不大，因?yàn)樗獌龅膿p失太大。damage損失；destroy毀壞，不用作名詞；reduction減少；break休息。 3．A　考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“這正是我一直在想的事”，選擇A項(xiàng)，為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 4．B　句意：無(wú)論他承諾什么，你都不能指望他做任何事情。rely on/upon sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事符合句意。 5．A　答語(yǔ)句意：多虧吃藥，現(xiàn)在不那么頻繁了。A.時(shí)常的，頻繁的；B.常見(jiàn)的，普遍的；C.有規(guī)律的；D.方便的。 6．D　be admitted to/into意為“被……所錄取/接納”，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 7．C　句意

57、：如果你今天下午回電話以便于我們能早做決定我將非常感激。appreciate one's doing sth.感激某人做某事?？疾閍ppreciate后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 8．D　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用于時(shí)間或條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將要做某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前必須要先完成的動(dòng)作，故此題選D，即write the report之前必須先f(wàn)inish the experiment。 9．B　句意：孩子們應(yīng)該自己負(fù)責(zé)打掃自己的房間。watchful注意的，警惕的；responsible負(fù)有責(zé)任的；present出席的，在場(chǎng)的；popular有名的，受歡迎的，流行的。 10．B　pull on猛吸，

58、狠吸；pull out(火車)出站；pull round恢復(fù)健康；pull off駛向路邊。句意：當(dāng)我們匆忙趕到月臺(tái)時(shí)，這次北京特快已經(jīng)開(kāi)出車站。 11．B　答句句意：它(指領(lǐng)帶)與我的服裝搭配得很好。match強(qiáng)調(diào)品質(zhì)、設(shè)計(jì)、顏色等的適合；fit強(qiáng)調(diào)大小、尺寸適合；balance相稱，平衡；satisfy意為“滿足，使?jié)M意”。 12．D　考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意：不管哪里有災(zāi)難，紅十字會(huì)都會(huì)送去幫助。 13．C　句意：這所學(xué)校創(chuàng)建于20世紀(jì)早期，它一直激勵(lì)著孩子們對(duì)于藝術(shù)的熱愛(ài)。the school與found之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。 14．B　句意：正是在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的幫助

59、下那位爬山者獲救了。這是一個(gè)It is/was...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：把It is/was和that去掉，然后調(diào)整句子的順序看句子是否成立。如果成立，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，反之則不是。而本題將It was和that去掉并調(diào)整順序后為“The mountain climber was rescued with the help of the local guide.”，句子完整無(wú)缺，因此是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，所以答案為B。 15．A　句意：老年人在冬天需要特別的照顧，因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)天氣的突變很敏感。be sensitive to...對(duì)……敏感。 16．B　由下文可知，“車輪”的發(fā)明使得運(yùn)載重

60、物更容易。 17．B　從文章第三段中的as much effect as the wheel可知，wheel(車輪)的發(fā)明使人更加容易地將重物運(yùn)送到很遠(yuǎn)的地方去。 18．C　從后文可知，自從車輪被發(fā)明后，在幾百年內(nèi)“幾乎沒(méi)有”出現(xiàn)比這意義更大的發(fā)明。 19．D　從后文可知，19世紀(jì)早期，世界開(kāi)始“改變”。 20．A　根據(jù)歷史知識(shí)可知，經(jīng)過(guò)航海家們(如麥哲倫、哥倫布)的努力，世界上的陸地幾乎都被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。 21．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷，此處指沒(méi)有必要再去“探險(xiǎn)”了。 22．C　從邏輯上講，想生活得好當(dāng)然要工作。 23．B　表示在多個(gè)對(duì)象當(dāng)中，應(yīng)用介詞among。 24．A　句意：這些都

61、成為我們當(dāng)今生活的一大部分。 25．D　本題中的saw是一種擬人化的說(shuō)法。再如：The 1990s saw the great changes in China。 26．A　sound movies指的是“有聲電影”。 27．B　also在這里用來(lái)表示再舉一例。 28．C　come out意為“出現(xiàn)，形成”。 29．D　尼龍的出現(xiàn)，改變了人們的著裝。wear在此符合文章的邏輯。 30．A　get over在此意為“克服，戰(zhàn)勝”。 31．A　從本空前面可知，在20世紀(jì)中葉，人們找到了許多新的方法戰(zhàn)勝疾病，當(dāng)然可以讓生命更長(zhǎng)久。 32．C　expect(期望)符合語(yǔ)境。 33．A

62、　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，新的發(fā)明“不斷”出現(xiàn)。 34．C　從本空后面可知，人類要探索宇宙。且從本空后面的again也可以推斷本空應(yīng)選“探索(explore)”。 35．B　句意：人類開(kāi)始尋找進(jìn)入太空的方法。 36．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“There was another bus I could take from there.This clearly was going to be a long night.”可知答案為A項(xiàng)。 37．C　推理判斷題。作者在等了半小時(shí)后，開(kāi)始考慮搭乘出租車回去(After waiting 30 minutes，I began to think about a v

63、ery expensive taxi ride home.)，由此可推斷作者已經(jīng)等得不耐煩了，還有點(diǎn)著急。 38．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由“I'm just passing the favor along”可知，司機(jī)的弟弟曾經(jīng)有過(guò)與作者相似的經(jīng)歷，她只是想把這種助人的行為傳遞下去。而最后當(dāng)作者給她錢表示對(duì)她的感激時(shí)，她說(shuō)“Just do something nice for somebody.Pass it along.”，由此也可知她只是想幫助別人。 39．A　推理判斷題。由文章最后司機(jī)說(shuō)的“Just do something nice for somebody.Pass it along.”

64、可知，她希望作者也能像她一樣為他人做些好事。 40．D　推理判斷題。此題應(yīng)根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容來(lái)判斷。第一段是全文的概括，其重心在后面，即奧黛麗·赫本盡管獲得奧斯卡最佳女主角獎(jiǎng)，但她擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)脑ぷ魍瑯邮谷算懹?。再結(jié)合文章接下來(lái)的敘述可知答案為D項(xiàng)。 41．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Her mother thought it would be safe from German attacks.”和“...she returned to London after the war.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。 42．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段和第三段前半部分可知，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段中“she realiz

65、ed she wasn't going to be a ballerina.”可知是她主動(dòng)放棄的，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第四段中“In 1951 she played the character‘Gigi’in the Broadway play...”及后文可判斷，這個(gè)角色并不是她扮演的最有名的角色，因此D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由文章第四、五兩段可知B項(xiàng)正確。 43．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題?？梢赃\(yùn)用排除法。她的婚姻、身份和貢獻(xiàn)在文章中都提到了，唯獨(dú)沒(méi)有提及她的宗教信仰，故選D項(xiàng)。 44．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句說(shuō)明被欺負(fù)者之所以不敢告訴別人他們被欺負(fù)，是因?yàn)樗麄兒ε逻@些欺負(fù)他們的人，這說(shuō)明他們可能受到了欺負(fù)

66、他們的人的恐嚇。 45．A　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上下文可知該短語(yǔ)的意思接近“勇敢地面對(duì)”。 46．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段，可以解決受欺負(fù)的方法是我們的幫助，說(shuō)明受害者應(yīng)該將自己受到欺負(fù)的事告訴別人以尋求幫助才是明智的做法。 47．D　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句話“Here are some tips that may be helpful in choosing a wheel.”及最后三段段首的“ALWAYS”可知本文主要談?wù)摰氖侨绾翁暨x和保護(hù)車輪。 48．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，steel wheels與aluminum wheels相比存在很多缺點(diǎn)，所以作為司機(jī)最好要買aluminum wheels。 49．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話“Another downfall of steel wheels is...，sometimes causing shaking problems on the street.”可知C項(xiàng)正確。 50．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章最后三段主要講的是司機(jī)在日常行車中須特別注意保養(yǎng)車輪。故選A項(xiàng)。 51－55　CEGAF 短