基于PLC的交通燈組態(tài)畫面設(shè)計
基于PLC的交通燈組態(tài)畫面設(shè)計,基于,PLC,交通燈,組態(tài),畫面,設(shè)計
英 文 翻 譯
系 別 自動化系
專 業(yè) 自動化
班 級 191001
學(xué)生姓名 張 畫
學(xué) 號 103586
指導(dǎo)教師 馮 超
PLC and kingview 6.53
Programmable controller (PLC) is based on microprocessor, a combination of computer technology, semiconductor integration technology, automatic control technology, digital technology and communication network technology developed a kind of general industrial automatic control device. Its control process and the user, to adapt to the industrial environment, convenient operation, high reliability, formed the three pillars of modern industrial control, robotics, CAD/CAM technology and PC). PLC technology represents the advanced level of process control, PLC device has become a basic unit of the automation system.
Programmable logic controller is a specialized in industrial control computer, its hardware structure is basically the same with a microcomputer, basic structure as follows:
1. The power supply
The power of the programmable logic controller plays a very important role in the whole system. Without a good, reliable power supply system is not work properly, therefore, programmable logic controller manufacturers also attaches great importance to power supply design and manufacturing. General ac voltage fluctuation within + 10% (+ 15%), can not take other measures to PLC communicate directly connected to the grid
2. The central processing unit (CPU)
The central processing unit (CPU) is the control center of the programmable logic controller. It according to the function of the programmable logic controller system program to receive and storage from programmer type in the user program and data; Check that the power supply, memory, I/O and warn the timer state, and diagnose the grammatical errors in the user program. When programmable logic controller is put into operation, the first it receives in the form of scanning field state of each input device and data, and deposited in the I/O image area respectively, and then passes from the user program memory read the user program, after command interpretation shall be governed by the provisions of the directive arithmetic or logical operation into the I/O image area or the result of the data register. After all of the user program is performed, the last I/O image area of each output state or output register data sent to the corresponding output device, so cycle run, until stop running.
3. The memory
Memory storage system software called system program memory.
4. Input/output interface circuit
(1) the input interface circuit and microcomputer by optical coupling circuit of the input interface circuit, the function is programmable logic controller and the control interface interface input channel.
(2) the output interface circuit and the output data registers, called the road, interrupt request circuit integration, the role of programmable logic controller through the output interface circuit to perform component output corresponding control signals on site.
5. Function module
Such as counting, positioning function module.
6. Communication module
Programmable logic controller has the following distinctive features:
1. Easy to use, simple programming
2. The function is strong, high cost performance
3. The hardware is complete, the user use convenient, strong adaptability
4. High reliability, strong anti-jamming capability
The working process of the PLC is divided into internal processing, communication, program input processing operation, program execution, output stages. The time needed for the whole process of scanning a called scan cycle. Internal processing stage, PLC check the CPU module of hardware is normal, reset monitoring timer, etc. In communication operation service stage, PLC and intelligent communication module, programmer type in the command response, update programmer display content, etc., when the PLC is in a state of stopped (STOP), only for internal processing and communication service operation, etc. In the PLC is in a state of running (RUN), from the internal processing, communication, program input operation, program execution, output, working cycle scan.
1. Input processing
Input processing is also called the input samples. At this stage, the sequence reads all the input terminal of the on-off state, and will read the information stored in memory of the image to register. Be refreshed in the input image register then entered into the phase of program execution. When the program execution, the input image register isolation with the outside world, even if the input signal changes, the image is not changed, the contents of a register only the next scan cycle can be read in information input processing phase.
2. The program execution
According to the ladder diagram procedure of PLC scanning principle, according to the first left after the right after the first step in the sequence, every scan, execute a program. But met jump instruction program, according to the jump condition meets decided to jump the address of the program. From the user program involves the input and output state, PLC from the input image register readout on mining into the state of the corresponding input terminal of a stage, from the output image register read out the current state of the corresponding image register, according to the user program logic operation, operation results stored in the device registers, for each device, device image register register in content, will change with the process of program execution.
3. The process
After finishing the program execution, the output image registers, the device image states of the Y register in the register, transferred to the output latch in the output stage of processing, through isolating circuit, drive power amplification circuit, the output terminal output control signal to the world and the external load.
The response time is when the design of PLC control system is an important parameter to know
(1) filtering time input circuit, it is determined by the RC filter circuit and time constant. Change the time constant of cocoa adjust input lag time.
(2) the output circuit of the time lag, it is associated with the output of the output circuit way;
(3) PLC cycle scanning works;
(4) the PLC to focus on ways of input sampling, output refresh;
A short response time
If in a scan cycle has just received before the end of an input signal, the next scan cycle into the input sampling stage, the input signal is sampled, make the input and update, then the shortest response time.
The shortest response time = input lag time + + a scan cycle output delay time
The long response time
If you receive an input signal after input lag, just missed the I/O refresh time, the input signal is invalid in the scan cycle, until the next scan cycle to be read in input sampling stage, make the input, the longest response time.
The longest response time = input lag time + + output two scanning time delay time
Above is the general working principle of PLC, but in the modern emergence of more advanced PLC input image refresh cycle, the program execution cycle and output image refresh cycle has been independent work, improve the execution efficiency of PLC. In practical engineering application, the programmer should know the working principle of the above to write a good quality, high efficiency of processes.
Kingview 6.53 keep the kingview early version of the powerful, stable running and the characteristics of easy to use, and according to the feedback and comments to numerous customers, for some function improved and expanded. Kingview 6.53 provides a rich configuration of simple and easy to use interface, providing a large number of graphical elements and gallery elf, and at the same time for the user to create gallery provides easy-to-use interface; The products of history curve, the temperature control curve and formula function of substantial increase and improve, functionality and usability of the software had the very big enhancement.
Kingview 6.53 integrates support for KingHistorian, greatly improved the kingview
According to the storage capacity, can better meet the big points to users of storage capacity and storage speed. KingHistorian was charged with the newly launched the independent development of database industry. With a single server supports up to 100000 points, support 256 concurrent clients to store and retrieve data at the same time, every second, retrieve the individual variables to the powerful features of the more than 30000 records. Can better meet the high-end customer demand for storage speed and storage capacity, fully meet the customers real-time view and retrieve historical operation data requirements.The main function of kingview 6.53 features
1. The visual interface, true color display graphics, support the gradual color, rich gallery, animation connection.
2. The unparalleled power and flexibility, has a comprehensive script and graphics animation function The part of the image can be saved, for later analysis or printing.
3. Import and export functions, variables can export to Excel spreadsheet, convenient to modify the attributes of the variable name, etc, and then import the new project, realized variable secondary use, save development time.
4. Powerful distributed alarm, event handling, support distributed real-time and historical data
5. A powerful scripting language processing, can help you achieve complex logic operation and decision-making process.
6. New WebServer framework, to fully support the picture released, real time data, history data and database data, convenient formula processing functions
7. Rich in equipment support library, support common PLC equipment, intelligent instrument, intelligent module
PLC與組態(tài)王6.53
可編程序控制器（PLC）是以微處理器為基礎(chǔ)，綜合了計算機(jī)技術(shù)、半導(dǎo)體集成技術(shù)、自動控制技術(shù)、數(shù)字技術(shù)和通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)發(fā)展起來的一種通用工業(yè)自動控制裝置。它面向控制過程、面向用戶、適應(yīng)工業(yè)環(huán)境、操作方便、可靠性高、成為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)控制的三大支柱（機(jī)器人技術(shù)、CAD/CAM技術(shù)和PC技術(shù)）之一。PLC控制技術(shù)代表著當(dāng)前程序控制的先進(jìn)水平，PLC裝置已成為自動化系統(tǒng)的基本裝置。
可編程邏輯控制器實質(zhì)是一種專用于工業(yè)控制的計算機(jī)，其硬件結(jié)構(gòu)基本上與微型計算機(jī)相同，基本構(gòu)成為：
1. 電源
可編程邏輯控制器的電源在整個系統(tǒng)中起著十分重要的作用。如果沒有一個良好的、可靠的電源系統(tǒng)是無法正常工作的，因此，可編程邏輯控制器的制造商對電源的設(shè)計和制造也十分重視。一般交流電壓波動在+10%(+15%)范圍內(nèi)，可以不采取其它措施而將PLC直接連接到交流電網(wǎng)上去
2. 中央處理單元(CPU)
中央處理單元(CPU)是可編程邏輯控制器的控制中樞。它按照可編程邏輯控制器系統(tǒng)程序賦予的功能接收并存儲從編程器鍵入的用戶程序和數(shù)據(jù)；檢查電源、存儲器、I/O以及警戒定時器的狀態(tài)，并能診斷用戶程序中的語法錯誤。當(dāng)可編程邏輯控制器投入運(yùn)行時，首先它以掃描的方式接收現(xiàn)場各輸入裝置的狀態(tài)和數(shù)據(jù)，并分別存入I/O映象區(qū)，然后從用戶程序存儲器中逐條讀取用戶程序，經(jīng)過命令解釋后按指令的規(guī)定執(zhí)行邏輯或算數(shù)運(yùn)算的結(jié)果送入I/O映象區(qū)或數(shù)據(jù)寄存器內(nèi)。等所有的用戶程序執(zhí)行完畢之后，最后將I/O映象區(qū)的各輸出狀態(tài)或輸出寄存器內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)傳送到相應(yīng)的輸出裝置，如此循環(huán)運(yùn)行，直到停止運(yùn)行。
3. 存儲器
存放系統(tǒng)軟件的存儲器稱為系統(tǒng)程序存儲器。
4. 輸入輸出接口電路
（1） 現(xiàn)場輸入接口電路由光耦合電路和微機(jī)的輸入接口電路，作用是可編程邏輯控制器與現(xiàn)場控制的接口界面的輸入通道。
（2）現(xiàn)場輸出接口電路由輸出數(shù)據(jù)寄存器、選通電路和中斷請求電路集成，作用可編程邏輯控制器通過現(xiàn)場輸出接口電路向現(xiàn)場的執(zhí)行部件輸出相應(yīng)的控制信號。
5. 功能模塊
如：計數(shù)、定位等功能模塊。
6. 通信模塊
可編程邏輯控制器具有以下鮮明的特點：
1. 使用方便，編程簡單
2. 功能強(qiáng)，性能價格比高
3. 硬件配套齊全，用戶使用方便，適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)
4. 可靠性高，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)
PLC的工作過程分為內(nèi)部處理、通信操作、程序輸入處理、程序執(zhí)行、程序輸出幾個階段。全過程掃描一次所需的時間稱為掃描周期。內(nèi)部處理階段，PLC檢查CPU模塊的硬件是否正常，復(fù)位監(jiān)視定時器等。在通信操作服務(wù)階段，PLC與一些智能模塊通信、響應(yīng)編程器鍵入的命令，更新編程器的顯示內(nèi)容等，當(dāng)PLC處于停(STOP)狀態(tài)時，只進(jìn)行內(nèi)部處理和通信服務(wù)操作等內(nèi)容。在PLC處于運(yùn)行(RUN)狀態(tài)時，從內(nèi)部處理、通信操作、程序輸入、程序執(zhí)行、程序輸出，一直循環(huán)掃描工作。
1. 輸入處理
輸入處理也叫輸入采樣。在此階段，順序讀入所有輸入端子的通斷狀態(tài)，并將讀入的信息存入內(nèi)存中所對應(yīng)的映像寄存器。在此輸入映像寄存器被刷新接著進(jìn)入程序執(zhí)行階段。在程序執(zhí)行時，輸入映像寄存器與外界隔離，即使輸入信號發(fā)生變化，其映像寄存器的內(nèi)容也不發(fā)生變化，只有在下一個掃描周期的輸入處理階段才能被讀入信息。
2. 程序執(zhí)行
根據(jù)PLC梯形圖程序掃描原則，按先左后右先上后下的步序，逐句掃描，執(zhí)行程序。但遇到程序跳轉(zhuǎn)指令，則根據(jù)跳轉(zhuǎn)條件是否滿足來決定程序的跳轉(zhuǎn)地址。從用戶程序涉及到輸入輸出狀態(tài)時，PLC從輸入映像寄存器中讀出上一階段采入的對應(yīng)輸入端子狀態(tài)，從輸出映像寄存器讀出對應(yīng)映像寄存器的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)，根據(jù)用戶程序進(jìn)行邏輯運(yùn)算，運(yùn)算結(jié)果再存入有關(guān)器件寄存器中，對每個器件而言，器件映像寄存器中所寄存的內(nèi)容，會隨著程序執(zhí)行過程而變化。
3. 程序處理
程序執(zhí)行完以后，將輸出映像寄存器，即器件映像寄存器中的Y寄存器的狀態(tài)，在輸出處理階段轉(zhuǎn)存到輸出鎖存器，通過隔離電路，驅(qū)動功率放大電路，使輸出端子向外界輸出控制信號，驅(qū)動外部負(fù)載。
響應(yīng)時間是設(shè)計PLC控制系統(tǒng)時應(yīng)了解的一個重要參數(shù)
（1） 輸入電路濾波時間，它由RC濾波電路和時間常數(shù)決定。改變時間常數(shù)可可調(diào)整輸入延遲時間；
（2） 輸出電路的滯后時間，它與輸出電路的輸出方式有關(guān)；
（3） PLC循環(huán)掃描的工作方式；
（4） PLC對輸入采樣、輸出刷新的集中處理方式；
短響應(yīng)時間
如果在一個掃描周期剛剛結(jié)束之前收到一個輸入信號，在下一個掃描周期進(jìn)入輸入采樣階段，這個輸入信號就被采樣，使輸入更新，這時響應(yīng)時間最短。
最短響應(yīng)時間=輸入延遲時間+一個掃描周期+輸出延遲時間
長響應(yīng)時間
如果收到的一個輸入信號經(jīng)輸入延遲后，剛好錯過I/O刷新時間，在該掃描周期內(nèi)這個輸入信號無效，要到下一個掃描周期輸入采樣階段才被讀入，使輸入更新，這時響應(yīng)時間最長。
最長響應(yīng)時間=輸入延遲時間+兩個掃描時間+輸出延遲時間
以上是一般的 PLC的工作原理，但在現(xiàn)代出現(xiàn)的比較先進(jìn)的PLC中，輸入映像刷新循環(huán)、程序執(zhí)行循環(huán)和輸出映像刷新循環(huán)已經(jīng)各自獨立的工作，提高了PLC的執(zhí)行效率。在實際的工控應(yīng)用之中，編程人員應(yīng)當(dāng)知道以上的工作原理，才能編寫出質(zhì)量好、效率高的工藝程序。
組態(tài)王6.53保持了組態(tài)王早期版本的功能強(qiáng)大、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定且使用方便的特點，并根據(jù)國內(nèi)眾多用戶的反饋及意見，對一些功能進(jìn)行了完善和擴(kuò)充。組態(tài)王6.53提供了豐富的簡捷、易用的配置界面，提供大量的圖形元素和圖庫精靈，同時也為用戶創(chuàng)建圖庫精靈提供簡單易用的接口；該款產(chǎn)品的歷史曲線、溫控曲線以及配方功能進(jìn)行了大幅提升與改進(jìn)，軟件的功能性和可用性有了很大的提高。
組態(tài)王6.53集成了對KingHistorian的支持，極大的提高了組態(tài)王的數(shù)
據(jù)存儲能力，能夠更好的滿足大點數(shù)用戶對存儲容量和存儲速度的要
求。KingHistorian是亞控新近推出的獨立開發(fā)的工業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫。具有單個服務(wù)器支持高達(dá)10萬點、支持256個并發(fā)客戶同時存儲和檢索數(shù)據(jù)、每秒檢索單個變量超過30,000?條記錄的強(qiáng)大功能。能夠更好的滿足高端客戶對存儲速度和存儲容量的要求，完全滿足了客戶實時查看和檢索歷史運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)的要求。
組態(tài)王6.53的主要功能特性
1.可視化操作界面，真彩顯示圖形、支持漸進(jìn)色、豐富的圖庫、動畫連接。?
2.無與倫比的動力和靈活性，擁有全面的腳本與圖形動畫功能?可以對畫面中的部分進(jìn)行保存，以便以后進(jìn)行分析或打印。?
3.變量導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出功能，變量可以導(dǎo)出到Excel表格中，方便的對變量名稱等屬性進(jìn)行修改，然后再導(dǎo)入新工程中，實現(xiàn)了變量的二次利用，節(jié)省了開發(fā)時間。?
4.強(qiáng)大的分布式報警、事件處理，支持實時、歷史數(shù)據(jù)的分布式保
5.存強(qiáng)大的腳本語言處理，能夠幫助你實現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的邏輯操作和與決策處理。?
6.全新的WebServer架構(gòu)，全面支持畫面發(fā)布、實時數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布、歷史數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)布以及數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)布,方便的配方處理功能?
7.豐富的設(shè)備支持庫，支持常見的PLC設(shè)備、智能儀表、智能模塊?
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