2020【人教版】必修四：Unit 4 Period 3 Grammar 講義含答案

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1、2020學年人教版英語精品資料 Period 3　Grammar 1.能正確運用動詞-ing形式作定語和狀語的用法。 2.培養(yǎng)學生學習語法的能力。 1.通過完成教材P29的練習,掌握現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和狀語的基本特征和用法。 2.學會根據(jù)句子的真實情境體會現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和狀語的區(qū)別。 重點語法 動詞的-ing形式作定語和狀語 用所給詞的正確形式填空 1.Tom, look at the　　　　(run) river.Is it beautiful? 2.　　　　(find) work is difficult these days in ma

2、ny countries. 3.Have you found my　　　　(sleep) bag? 4.　　　　(pass) a post office, I stopped to buy some stamps. 5.　　　　(compare) with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. 6.　　　　(save) a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.　 7.Ive n

3、ever heard the word　　　　(use) in spoken English. 8.　　　　(not know) how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. 9.Deeply　　　　(move), I thanked her again and again. 10.He went from door to door, 　　　　(gather) waste papers and magazines. 　　【答案】1.running　2.Finding　3.sleeping　4.Passing　5.C

4、ompared　6.Having saved　7.used　8.Not knowing 9.moved　10.gathering 動詞的-ing形式作定語和狀語 一、動詞-ing形式作定語 　　動名詞作定語用來說明該名詞的用途,不表示名詞本身的動作;現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與所修飾的名詞具有邏輯上的主謂關系,即現(xiàn)在分詞相當于所修飾名詞的謂語。 We must improve our working method. (動名詞)我們必須改進工作方法。 They set up an operating table in a small temple.(動名詞)他們將手術臺設在一座小廟里

5、。 China is a developing country. (現(xiàn)在分詞)中國是發(fā)展中國家。 The student making the experiment is our monitor.(現(xiàn)在分詞)正在做實驗的那個學生是我們的班長。 動詞-ing形式作定語時,應注意以下兩點: (1)動名詞短語不能作定語,單個的動名詞可以用作定語,但僅作前置定語。 working method = method for working 工作方法 (2)單個現(xiàn)在分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞短語都可作定語,單個現(xiàn)在分詞一般作前置定語,現(xiàn)在分詞短語則作后置定語,相當于一個定語從句。 the man visi

6、ting Japan=the man who is visiting Japan 訪日的那個人 二、動詞-ing形式作狀語的句法功能 1.作時間狀語(相當于一個時間狀語從句) Hearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking. = When they heard the knock on the door, they stopped talking.聽到有人在敲門,他們停止了談話。 2.作原因狀語(相當于一個原因狀語從句) Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. = As h

7、e was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.因為生病了,昨天他沒去上學。 3.作伴隨狀語(動詞-ing形式表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生,相當于一個并列謂語) They stood there, waiting for the bus. = They stood there and waited for the bus. 他們站在那兒等公共汽車。 4.作方式狀語(相當于一個并列句) He died a glorious death, fighting the enemy for the people. =He died a glo

8、rious death, and he fought the enemy for the people. 他為了群眾同敵人搏斗,光榮犧牲了。 5.作結果狀語(表示自然而然的結果,不定式短語作結果狀語表示事與愿違的結果) Her husband died last year, leaving her with three children.她的丈夫去年去世了,撇下她和三個孩子。 三、動詞-ing形式的時態(tài) 　 語態(tài) 形式 　 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.動詞-i

9、ng形式的一般式,可以表示沒有時間先后順序的動作,即沒有明確過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭幼?一般式還可以表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的動作;有時也指發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后的動作。 I wish you would quit complaining.我希望你不再抱怨。(一般性動作) Chatting with each other, we enjoyed our dinner.我們邊吃邊聊。(與謂語同時發(fā)生) Most doctors strongly insist on giving up smoking and taking plenty of exercise.大多數(shù)醫(yī)生強烈建議放棄抽煙并且多進行鍛煉

10、。(發(fā)生在謂語之后) 2.動詞-ing形式的完成式,表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。 Having finished work, she got ready to go shopping. 完成工作后,她準備去購物。 Having been ill for two weeks, she felt rather weak. 由于病了兩周,她感到身體很虛弱。 四、動詞-ing形式的否定式:not + 動詞-ing。 Not knowing this, he didnt come.他不知道這件事,所以沒來。 Not having made full preparations, we put

11、off the sports meeting.因為沒有做好充分的準備,我們把運動會延期了。 五、部分動詞-ing形式可以充當獨立成分。這時句子主語與其無任何語法關系。常見的這樣的動詞-ing形式(短語)有: generally / strictly / exactly speaking大體 / 嚴格 / 準確說來 judging from / by...根據(jù)……判斷 talking of...談到…… considering...考慮到;鑒于 supposing(that)...假設;假定 regarding...關于…… 六、動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式的區(qū)別 1.語態(tài)

12、不同:動詞-ing形式表示主動概念,與其相關的名詞或代詞之間構成一種“主謂關系”;而動詞-ed形式表示被動概念,與其相關的名詞或代詞構成一種“動賓關系”。 a moving film一部感人的電影 a moved girl一位受感動的姑娘 a running machine一臺轉(zhuǎn)動的機器 a stolen car一輛被盜的汽車 2.時間關系上不同:動詞-ing形式表示正在進行的動作,或表示一個在現(xiàn)在或過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性的動作; 動詞-ed形式往往表示已完成的動作或是在以前某個未知時間發(fā)生的動作。 a developing country發(fā)展中國家 a developed cou

13、ntry發(fā)達國家 Hearing he won the first place finally, we all jumped with joy.聽到他最終獲得了第一名,我們都高興地跳了起來。 I dont like canned food.I prefer something fresh.我不喜歡吃罐裝食品,我愛吃新鮮的。 單項填空 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (1)He had a wonderful childhood, 　　　　with his mother to all corners of the world. A.travel B.to travel

14、 C.travelled D.travelling 　　【答案與解析】D　后半句是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語,表示伴隨。B項表示動作尚未發(fā)生,與前半句內(nèi)容矛盾。 (2)At the age of 29, David was a worker,　　　　 in a small apartment near Boston and　　　　 what to do about his future. A.living; wondering B.lived; wondering C.lived; wondered D.living; wondered 　　【答案與解析】A　句意:29歲時,大衛(wèi)是個工人,

15、住在波士頓附近的一間小公寓里,不知道自己未來該干什么?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾a worker,and為并列連詞,連接相同的成分。 (3)　　　　 many times, he finally understood it. A.Told B.Telling C.Having told D.Having been told 　　【答案與解析】D　tell與主語之間是被動和完成的關系,所以用having been done來表示被動和完成。 (4)Suddenly, a tall man driving a carriage　　　　 the girl and took her away,　　　

16、　into the woods. A.seizing; disappeared B.seized; disappeared C.seizing; disappearing D.seized; disappearing 　　【答案與解析】D　and連接并列謂語,故前一空格須用過去時;disappear是不及物動詞,此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語,表示主動和伴隨。 (5)The lady walked around the shops, 　　　　an eye out for bargains. A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep 　　【答案與解析】C　句意:

17、這位女士在商場轉(zhuǎn)悠著,留意著里面的減價商品?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語keeping an eye out for“留意;注意”,作伴隨狀語。 用所給詞的適當形式填空 1.Though　　　　(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university. 2.　　　　(tell) that some guests were coming, they got the room ready. 3.　　　　(steal) the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it. 4.Dont re

18、spond to any e-mail　　　　(request) personal information, no matter how official they look. 5.　　　　(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. 6.European football is played in 80 countries,　　　　(make) it the most popular sport in the world. 7.When i

19、t is at night, the children sit around on the playground　　　　(observe) the stars. 8.He ran as fast as he could, 　　　　(hope) to catch the early bus. 9.　　　　(feel) curious about the tall blue-eyed foreigners, he stared at them for more than twenty minutes. 10.“I cant do anything with it,” said Bob disappointedly, 　　　　(look) at the colour TV set. 　　【答案】1.lacking　2.Having been told　3.Having stolen 4.requesting　5.Having waited　6.making　7.observing 8.hoping　9.Feeling　10.looking ●溫馨貼士 本課時的核心部分為動詞-ing形式作定語和狀語,知識要點圖解如下: