2020【人教版】必修四：Unit 4 Period 3 Grammar 講義含答案

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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語(yǔ)精品資料 Period 3　Grammar 1.能正確運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的用法。 2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的能力。 1.通過完成教材P29的練習(xí),掌握現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的基本特征和用法。 2.學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)句子的真實(shí)情境體會(huì)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ) 用所給詞的正確形式填空 1.Tom, look at the　　　　(run) river.Is it beautiful? 2.　　　　(find) work is difficult these days in ma

2、ny countries. 3.Have you found my　　　　(sleep) bag? 4.　　　　(pass) a post office, I stopped to buy some stamps. 5.　　　　(compare) with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. 6.　　　　(save) a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.　 7.Ive n

3、ever heard the word　　　　(use) in spoken English. 8.　　　　(not know) how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. 9.Deeply　　　　(move), I thanked her again and again. 10.He went from door to door, 　　　　(gather) waste papers and magazines. 　　【答案】1.running　2.Finding　3.sleeping　4.Passing　5.C

4、ompared　6.Having saved　7.used　8.Not knowing 9.moved　10.gathering 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ) 一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ) 　　動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)用來說明該名詞的用途,不表示名詞本身的動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,即現(xiàn)在分詞相當(dāng)于所修飾名詞的謂語(yǔ)。 We must improve our working method. (動(dòng)名詞)我們必須改進(jìn)工作方法。 They set up an operating table in a small temple.(動(dòng)名詞)他們將手術(shù)臺(tái)設(shè)在一座小廟里

5、。 China is a developing country. (現(xiàn)在分詞)中國(guó)是發(fā)展中國(guó)家。 The student making the experiment is our monitor.(現(xiàn)在分詞)正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)的那個(gè)學(xué)生是我們的班長(zhǎng)。 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn): (1)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)不能作定語(yǔ),單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞可以用作定語(yǔ),但僅作前置定語(yǔ)。 working method = method for working 工作方法 (2)單個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)都可作定語(yǔ),單個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞一般作前置定語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)則作后置定語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 the man visi

6、ting Japan=the man who is visiting Japan 訪日的那個(gè)人 二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)的句法功能 1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句) Hearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking. = When they heard the knock on the door, they stopped talking.聽到有人在敲門,他們停止了談話。 2.作原因狀語(yǔ)(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句) Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. = As h

7、e was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.因?yàn)樯×?昨天他沒去上學(xué)。 3.作伴隨狀語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)) They stood there, waiting for the bus. = They stood there and waited for the bus. 他們站在那兒等公共汽車。 4.作方式狀語(yǔ)(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句) He died a glorious death, fighting the enemy for the people. =He died a glo

8、rious death, and he fought the enemy for the people. 他為了群眾同敵人搏斗,光榮犧牲了。 5.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)(表示自然而然的結(jié)果,不定式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示事與愿違的結(jié)果) Her husband died last year, leaving her with three children.她的丈夫去年去世了,撇下她和三個(gè)孩子。 三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的時(shí)態(tài) 　 語(yǔ)態(tài) 形式 　 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.動(dòng)詞-i

9、ng形式的一般式,可以表示沒有時(shí)間先后順序的動(dòng)作,即沒有明確過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作;一般式還可以表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的動(dòng)作;有時(shí)也指發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后的動(dòng)作。 I wish you would quit complaining.我希望你不再抱怨。(一般性動(dòng)作) Chatting with each other, we enjoyed our dinner.我們邊吃邊聊。(與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生) Most doctors strongly insist on giving up smoking and taking plenty of exercise.大多數(shù)醫(yī)生強(qiáng)烈建議放棄抽煙并且多進(jìn)行鍛煉

10、。(發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之后) 2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。 Having finished work, she got ready to go shopping. 完成工作后,她準(zhǔn)備去購(gòu)物。 Having been ill for two weeks, she felt rather weak. 由于病了兩周,她感到身體很虛弱。 四、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式:not + 動(dòng)詞-ing。 Not knowing this, he didnt come.他不知道這件事,所以沒來。 Not having made full preparations, we put

11、off the sports meeting.因?yàn)闆]有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備,我們把運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)延期了。 五、部分動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以充當(dāng)獨(dú)立成分。這時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)與其無任何語(yǔ)法關(guān)系。常見的這樣的動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語(yǔ))有: generally / strictly / exactly speaking大體 / 嚴(yán)格 / 準(zhǔn)確說來 judging from / by...根據(jù)……判斷 talking of...談到…… considering...考慮到;鑒于 supposing(that)...假設(shè);假定 regarding...關(guān)于…… 六、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞-ed形式的區(qū)別 1.語(yǔ)態(tài)

12、不同:動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念,與其相關(guān)的名詞或代詞之間構(gòu)成一種“主謂關(guān)系”;而動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示被動(dòng)概念,與其相關(guān)的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成一種“動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”。 a moving film一部感人的電影 a moved girl一位受感動(dòng)的姑娘 a running machine一臺(tái)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的機(jī)器 a stolen car一輛被盜的汽車 2.時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同:動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或表示一個(gè)在現(xiàn)在或過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作; 動(dòng)詞-ed形式往往表示已完成的動(dòng)作或是在以前某個(gè)未知時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 a developing country發(fā)展中國(guó)家 a developed cou

13、ntry發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 Hearing he won the first place finally, we all jumped with joy.聽到他最終獲得了第一名,我們都高興地跳了起來。 I dont like canned food.I prefer something fresh.我不喜歡吃罐裝食品,我愛吃新鮮的。 單項(xiàng)填空 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (1)He had a wonderful childhood, 　　　　with his mother to all corners of the world. A.travel B.to travel

14、 C.travelled D.travelling 　　【答案與解析】D　后半句是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),表示伴隨。B項(xiàng)表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生,與前半句內(nèi)容矛盾。 (2)At the age of 29, David was a worker,　　　　 in a small apartment near Boston and　　　　 what to do about his future. A.living; wondering B.lived; wondering C.lived; wondered D.living; wondered 　　【答案與解析】A　句意:29歲時(shí),大衛(wèi)是個(gè)工人,

15、住在波士頓附近的一間小公寓里,不知道自己未來該干什么?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾a worker,and為并列連詞,連接相同的成分。 (3)　　　　 many times, he finally understood it. A.Told B.Telling C.Having told D.Having been told 　　【答案與解析】D　tell與主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)和完成的關(guān)系,所以用having been done來表示被動(dòng)和完成。 (4)Suddenly, a tall man driving a carriage　　　　 the girl and took her away,　　　

16、　into the woods. A.seizing; disappeared B.seized; disappeared C.seizing; disappearing D.seized; disappearing 　　【答案與解析】D　and連接并列謂語(yǔ),故前一空格須用過去時(shí);disappear是不及物動(dòng)詞,此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),表示主動(dòng)和伴隨。 (5)The lady walked around the shops, 　　　　an eye out for bargains. A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep 　　【答案與解析】C　句意:

17、這位女士在商場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)悠著,留意著里面的減價(jià)商品。現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)keeping an eye out for“留意;注意”,作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.Though　　　　(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university. 2.　　　　(tell) that some guests were coming, they got the room ready. 3.　　　　(steal) the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it. 4.Dont re

18、spond to any e-mail　　　　(request) personal information, no matter how official they look. 5.　　　　(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. 6.European football is played in 80 countries,　　　　(make) it the most popular sport in the world. 7.When i

19、t is at night, the children sit around on the playground　　　　(observe) the stars. 8.He ran as fast as he could, 　　　　(hope) to catch the early bus. 9.　　　　(feel) curious about the tall blue-eyed foreigners, he stared at them for more than twenty minutes. 10.“I cant do anything with it,” said Bob disappointedly, 　　　　(look) at the colour TV set. 　　【答案】1.lacking　2.Having been told　3.Having stolen 4.requesting　5.Having waited　6.making　7.observing 8.hoping　9.Feeling　10.looking ●溫馨貼士 本課時(shí)的核心部分為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),知識(shí)要點(diǎn)圖解如下: