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1、Grammar(句子成分句子成分/賓語從句）賓語從句）ELEMENTS OF THE SENTENCE(句子成分）句子中的單詞或詞組在句子可以充當(dāng)：句子中的單詞或詞組在句子可以充當(dāng)：主語、謂語（連系動(dòng)詞）、賓語主語、謂語（連系動(dòng)詞）、賓語/表語、定語、狀語表語、定語、狀語等成分。等成分。People leave some tips in restaurants.She is studying very hard.Li Hui can speak two foreign languages fluently.主語謂語動(dòng)詞定語賓語狀語Peoplesometipsin restaurants.lea
2、veLi Huican speak two foreignlanguagesfluently.very hard.Sheis studyingPets are our friends.The teacher was not pleased with my answer.Helen looked worried yesterday.主語連系動(dòng)詞定語表語狀語Petsourfriends.arewith my answer.Helenlookedworriedyesterday.pleasedTheteacherwas not1. Linda opened the present in front
3、of her guest. 2. The guests brought their favourite foods to the party.3. My mum seldom gets angry with me.4. The taxi driver got a big tip.5. They were pleased with the hotel service.6. The picture looked beautiful.7. Mr. White cleaned all the rooms with a vacuum cleaner.8. People usually shake han
4、ds with each other when they meet for the first time.主語主語定語定語謂語謂語賓語賓語狀語狀語主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語狀語狀語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語謂語謂語謂語謂語謂語謂語賓語賓語賓語賓語定語定語定語定語賓語賓語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語連系連系表語表語表語表語表語表語連系連系連系連系OBJECT CLAUSES 賓語從句賓語從句1. I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語（簡單句）（簡單句）主語主語謂語謂語賓賓 語語 從從 句句連
5、詞連詞 從句主語從句主語 從句謂語從句謂語 主主 句句（復(fù)合句）（復(fù)合句）什么是什么是賓語賓語？ I know him. Do you have the time? I think (that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me? 賓語位于謂語動(dòng)詞或者介詞后一、賓語從句的概念從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。 eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if
6、 these answers were right.二、賓語從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語語 序序時(shí)時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài)由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接代詞由連接代詞 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和連接副詞和連接副詞 where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（一）引導(dǎo)詞1 12 23 3注：注：that 在句中無詞匯意義在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，只起到了引導(dǎo)從句的作用，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略。只起到了引導(dǎo)從
7、句的作用，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略。 由從屬連詞由從屬連詞whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句if/ whether “是否是否”，說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。，說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。等后。由由連接代詞連接代詞what, whom, whose, which, what及及連接連接副詞副詞 when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不
8、可省略。有一定的意義，不可省略。vI know he lives here .vI know he lived here ten years ago . vI have heard that he will come tomorrow .1.主句用與現(xiàn)在或?qū)碛嘘P(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)，從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)，主句用與現(xiàn)在或?qū)碛嘘P(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)，從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)， 根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。What does he/she say?We will have an English test next week.He says (that) we will have an English test next wee
9、k.Mike often plays football at weekends.She says (that) Mike often plays football at weekends.Mr White is reading in the living room.He says (that) Mr White is reading in the living room.Tom has been to America six times.She says (that) Tom has been to America six times.2.2.如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），如
10、果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）， 從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）vI knew who lived here. vI saw she was talking with her mother. vHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. vHe said that he had seen it .What did she/he say?We will have an E
11、nglish test next week.He said that we would have an English test next week.Mike often plays football at weekends.She said that Mike often played football at weekends.Mr White is reading in the living room.He said that Mr White was reading in the living room.Tom has been to America six times.She said
12、 that Tom had been to America six times. The teacher told me she was born in 1960. I heard that he went to Paris last night.1. 從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)， 仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. He told me the ea
13、rth moves around the sun.2. 從句中有具體時(shí)間狀語，即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生從句中有具體時(shí)間狀語，即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生 在主句動(dòng)作前，仍用一般過去時(shí)。在主句動(dòng)作前，仍用一般過去時(shí)。注意：注意：1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. I hear they _ (return) it already. 4. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)5. Our t
14、eacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) will be will go have returned had been riseseg. 1. I hear (that) _. （一小時(shí)后他會回來）（一小時(shí)后他會回來） he will be back in an hour2. He said (that) _. （他非常想念我們）（他非常想念我們）3. The teacher told us (that) _. （地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）（地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)） he missed us very much the earth moves a
15、round the sun賓語從句的語序用賓語從句的語序用陳述語序陳述語序：連接詞連接詞+ +主語主語+ +謂語謂語+ +其他成分其他成分His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library . I dont know what did he want to buy . I dont know what he wanted to buy .主句主句+連接詞連接詞+從句（主從句（主+謂謂+其他成分）其他成分） Whats wrong? Whats the
16、matter? Whats happening? What happened? 注：當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子注：當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子 以及以及what, who作主語時(shí)，作主語時(shí)，語序不變語序不變：eg: I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?Can you tell me who he is ?做主語做主語做賓語做賓語1.He asked _. (誰能回答這個(gè)問題）誰能回答這個(gè)問題）2.Do you know_? （他們在等誰）（他們在等誰）who could answer the questionwho
17、m they are waiting for3. He asked _. （誰的書法是班上最好的）（誰的書法是班上最好的）4. Please tell me _. （我們什么時(shí)候開會）（我們什么時(shí)候開會）5. Can you tell me _. （他在哪兒）（他在哪兒） whose handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is8. Could you tell me _. （我該怎么去車站）（我該怎么去車站）9. Would you tell me _ . （為什么火車遲到了）（為什么火車
18、遲到了） how I can get to the station why the train is late注意：THAT不能省略的2種情況（2）用）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句時(shí)做形式賓語的賓語從句時(shí) （ it?？梢苑旁趧?dòng)詞常可以放在動(dòng)詞think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語等后作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾）從句則放在句尾） I think it necessary that you should read English aloud. We heard it that she would get
19、 married next month.（1）當(dāng)）當(dāng)that作介詞作介詞 賓語時(shí)賓語時(shí)They believe in that she must still be single. I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing. 只能用只能用 WHETHERWHETHER不能用不能用 IF IF 的情的情況況1. 在介詞后面：在介詞后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We are worried about whether it will rain tomorro
20、w.2.當(dāng)與當(dāng)與or not連用，或連用，或提出兩種選擇提出兩種選擇時(shí)時(shí):I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.PRACTICE TIMEif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is well.4.
21、 I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether賓語從句三要素時(shí)時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài)Summary (小結(jié)）小結(jié)）引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語語 序序1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3.
22、 The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the
23、 station D. how I can reach the station6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ .
24、 A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go
25、B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go Join the following two sentences together by using “He has said” or “He has asked” 1. He will be here to visit me very soon.2. Is Mount Huang more beautiful than you think?7. Do the animal years really tell us about the person?6. Are you inte
26、rested in learning English idioms?5. Do you know his address?4. He hopes to know the truth of the story. 8. Has the film begun?3. Does Mr. Smith come from Africa? 將下列句子合并為一句將下列句子合并為一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they lik
27、e to go skiing? He asked. 4. He is doing his homework. He said. 5. He will come back. Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way. Could you tell me what I will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 6.
28、Is she doing her homework? Jim asked. 7. When will he come back? Tom asked. 8.How can I get to the station?Could you tell me?9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me?10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if she was doing her homework.
貴州省貴陽市花溪二中八年級英語《Unit 4 A Visit to an Agricultural Park》課件6
