安徽省中考英語 第二部分 專題語法 高效突破 專項(xiàng)12 非謂語動詞課件

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1、 第二部分第二部分 專項(xiàng)語法專項(xiàng)語法 高效突破高效突破專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng)1212 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講 非謂語動詞在句子中不可以單獨(dú)用作謂語，也不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制，在句子中可以用作其他句子成分。非謂語動詞有三種形式：動詞不定式、動詞inging形式和過去分詞。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 1 動詞不定式動詞不定式1.1.動詞不定式的構(gòu)成動詞不定式的構(gòu)成肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：(to)動詞原形否定結(jié)構(gòu)：not(to)動詞原形2 2動詞不定式的用法動詞不定式的用法功能例句說明主語To speak English is not easy for us.It is not easy for us to speak

2、English.講英語對我們來說不容易。不定式作主語時(shí)，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面功能例句說明表語My work is to clean the room every day.To clean the room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語賓語What sports does he like to play？他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動？He likes to play basketball.他喜歡打籃球。只能作某些動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語賓補(bǔ)My mother made me play the pia

3、no all the time.我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動詞后，不定式省略to定語Have you got anything to say？你有要說的嗎？不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面狀語Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去圖書館學(xué)英語了。不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致【拓展】【拓展】常接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：ask，tell，want，teach，wish，help，

4、warn等。 如：He told me to turn down the TV.他告訴我把電視機(jī)的音量調(diào)小。 常接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞(短語)有：感官動詞feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，look at；使役動詞let，make，have等。如：What makes you happy? 什么讓你高興？3 3動詞不定式常用句型動詞不定式常用句型(1)too.to.表示“太而不能”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那個(gè)男孩太小不能照顧自己。(2)enough to.表示“足夠”。如

5、：He is old enough to go to school.他足夠大，到了上學(xué)的年紀(jì)了。(3)Why dont youdo sth.Why not do sth.？表示“為什么不做？”如：Why dont you get her a scarf？Why not get her a scarf？為什么不給她買條圍巾呢？(4)had better(not)do sth.表示“最好(不)做某事”。如：Youd better not stay here today.你今天最好別待在那里。(5)Will you pleasedo sth.？表示“請你做某事好嗎？”如：Will you pleas

6、e close the door？請你把門關(guān)上好嗎？(6)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.表示“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：She prefers to receive a small gift rather than get a lot of money.她寧愿收到一份小禮物也不愿意得到一大筆錢。(7)It takes sb.some time to do sth.表示“某人花一些時(shí)間做某事”。如：It takes me 3 hours to repair the TV set.我用了三個(gè)小時(shí)修理這臺電視機(jī)。(8)It isadj.for sb.to

7、 do sth.表示“對某人來說做某事是。”如：It is hard for the young boy to carry the heavy box.對這個(gè)小男孩來說，搬動這個(gè)重箱子是困難的?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 動名詞動名詞1.1.動名詞的構(gòu)成動名詞的構(gòu)成動名詞一般由“動詞原形ing”構(gòu)成。2 2動名詞的功能動名詞的功能功能功能例句例句說明說明主語Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多對你的健康有害。謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式賓語（動詞賓語、介詞賓語）I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜歡打籃球。Stamps a

8、re used for sending letters.郵票是被用來寄信的。表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動作表語His hobby is collecting stamps.Collecting stamps is his hobby.他的愛好是集郵。多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語 定語She is in the reading room.她在閱覽室里。We should improve our teaching methods.我們應(yīng)該改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等，置于所修飾詞之前注意注意：(1)英語中有一些詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語：(口訣記憶)完成實(shí)踐值得

9、忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)；繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄(keep on，be used to，give up)；考慮建議不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，feel like)；喜歡思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)。(2)含有介詞to的固定短語：look forward to期盼，盼望；prefer.to.兩者間更喜歡；be used to.習(xí)慣；stop / prevent / keep.from doing sth.阻止做某事；be good at doing sth.擅長做某事；succeed in doing sth

10、.成功做某事。這些后面需要接名詞、代詞或動詞的ing形式作賓語。3 3一些動詞后接不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別一些動詞后接不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別stop to do sth.停下來去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事remember to do sth.記住要做某事(動作未發(fā)生)remember doing sth.記得曾做過某事(動作已發(fā)生)forget to do sth.忘記做某事(動作未發(fā)生)forget doing sth.忘記做過某事(動作已發(fā)生)try to do sth.努力去做某事try doing sth.試著去做某事regret to do sth.對要做的事感到遺憾(

11、未做)regret doing sth.對做過的事感到遺憾，后悔(已做)go on to do sth.做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做原來所做的同一件事考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 3 分詞分詞1.1.分詞的構(gòu)成分詞的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞：v.ing；過去分詞：v.ed(規(guī)則動詞)2 2分詞的用法分詞的用法句子成分用法例句作定語現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，有主動的含義，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成，有被動的含義The crying boy annoy us a lot.那個(gè)哭泣的男孩使我們很煩惱。作表語放在系動詞后作表語The story is interesting.I am intere

12、sted in it.這個(gè)故事很有趣，我對它很感興趣。作賓語補(bǔ)足語用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動作和狀態(tài)He could hear his heart beating fast.他可以聽見自己的心臟跳得很快。I want to have my hair cut.我想要理個(gè)發(fā)。作狀語通常表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動作，來對主語的主要動作加以修飾I got home，feeling very tired.我疲憊地回到家里。3 3現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別類別語態(tài)時(shí)間例句現(xiàn)在分詞 主動 正在進(jìn)行a moving film感人的電影(主動)；developing countries發(fā)展中國家(

13、正在進(jìn)行)過去分詞 被動 已經(jīng)完成the moved people被感動的人們(被動)；developed countries發(fā)達(dá)國家(已經(jīng)完成)4 4動詞不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別動詞不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別常見動詞 跟動詞不定式(不帶to)跟現(xiàn)在分詞see，watch，notice， hear，feel，have等表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動作。如：I heard him sing in the classroom.我聽到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”這個(gè)動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束)表示動作正在進(jìn)行著。如：I heard him singing in the classroom.我聽到他正

14、在教室里唱歌。(“唱”這個(gè)動作正在進(jìn)行)5.have sth.done5.have sth.done，have sb.do sth.have sb.do sth.與與have sb./ sth.doing have sb./ sth.doing sth.sth.區(qū)別區(qū)別結(jié)構(gòu)意義用法例句havesth.(賓語)done(賓語補(bǔ)足語)”讓/叫/使/請別人做某事賓語sth.后面用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明sth.與過去分詞表示的動作之間是被動關(guān)系The patient is going to have his temperature taken.這個(gè)病人準(zhǔn)備請 / 叫 / 讓人量體溫。havesb.

15、(賓語)do sth.(賓語補(bǔ)足語)”讓/叫/使某人做某事此結(jié)構(gòu)中的have是使役動詞，sb.作賓語，其后的 do sth.是省去to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語Ill have someone repair the bike for you.我會讓人為你修理自行車的。havesb./ sth.(賓語)doing sth.(賓語補(bǔ)足語)”叫/讓/使某人做某事或讓某種情況發(fā)生賓語sb./ sth.后面用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作之間為主動關(guān)系，且動作正在進(jìn)行。Dont have the baby crying！不要讓嬰兒啼哭！Youd better have your car

16、 running slowly.你最好把車子開慢點(diǎn)。十年真題十年真題全練全練 分析近十年的安徽中考英語試題，對非謂語動詞考查較少。預(yù)計(jì)2018年安徽中考英語的單項(xiàng)填空和完形填空對非謂語動詞的考查可能性很小。但這一部分仍為安徽考試綱要中所列語法項(xiàng)目，而且在單項(xiàng)填空、單詞拼寫題干設(shè)置、書面表達(dá)中都會涉及相關(guān)句型。因此，考生在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)也不能忽視對這一知識點(diǎn)的掌握。 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 2 動名詞動名詞1.2008安徽，99題Guessing/Guessuessing/Guess(猜測)games are popular with students in English class.猜押預(yù)測猜押預(yù)測1My br

17、other is a humorous young man.He often tells jokes to make us _Alaughing BlaughCto laugh Dlaughed2Its getting dark.Youd better _ out by yourself.Its dangerous.Anot go Bnot to goCto go Dnot going3Our country encourages more students _ football.Now many football clubs have been set up in schools.Aplay

18、 BplayingCto play Dwill play4Lets _ a noise，someone is sleeping.Anot make Bno makingCnot to make Dto makeB B A AC CA A5Thanks to the robots，the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time _ numbers and information.Aprocessing Bto processCprocessed Dprocess6Listen！There _ someone_at the door.I

19、t must be your sister.Ais；knocking Bis；knockCare；knocking Dare；knock7I hope everyone can care about _ the environment and stop _things.Aprotecting；wasting Bprotecting；to wasteCprotect；wasting Dprotect；to waste8Bruce practices _ basketball every day so that he can be a better player.Aplay Bto playCpl

20、aying DplayedA AA AA AC C9After she finished _ the story，Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.Aread BreadsCto read Dreading10I look forward _ you soon.Asee BseeingCto see Dto seeing11I saw Tom _ his key in the lock，turn it and open the door.Aput Bputting Cputs Dto put12Bad luck.The film star had her leg _ while playing a part in the film.Ato break BbreakingCbreak DbrokenD DD DA AD D