2017年10月浙江省選考-英語寫作指導(dǎo)與模擬訓(xùn)練 第二節(jié) 概要寫作

《2017年10月浙江省選考-英語寫作指導(dǎo)與模擬訓(xùn)練 第二節(jié) 概要寫作》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2017年10月浙江省選考-英語寫作指導(dǎo)與模擬訓(xùn)練 第二節(jié) 概要寫作（19頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、word 第二節(jié)　概要寫作 概要寫作屬于限制性寫作，它是閱讀理解和寫作的有機(jī)結(jié)合。所給短文的文體以說明文、議論文為主。概要寫作旨在考查考生的閱讀理解能力和概括運(yùn)用英語語言知識的能力。該題型主要考查考生對大段閱讀文字的概括能力，如考查考生對文章主旨大意的概括和準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵詞的能力。同時，考查考生用簡潔的語言概括文章重要信息的能力以及對文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力。進(jìn)行概要寫作時，考生要把文章的具體信息用一些具有概括功能的詞或句表述出來，而不是抄襲文章的原句，更不是把細(xì)節(jié)性信息作為中心?？忌ㄟ^對文章中的單詞、詞組和句子進(jìn)行合理轉(zhuǎn)換，對文章的具體信息進(jìn)行概括，再用合適的語言表達(dá)出來。 (一)

2、寫作步驟 1．細(xì)讀原文。 首先要仔細(xì)閱讀所給短文，掌握文章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)，明確各段的大意。 2．弄清要求。 概要寫作是寫全文的概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，也不是單獨(dú)就某些問題寫出要點(diǎn)。 3．列出原文要點(diǎn)。 分析原文的容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將容分項(xiàng)扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。 (二)寫作方法 1．速讀語言材料，弄清文章寓意。 快速閱讀所給文章，弄清文章體裁、明確文章主旨大意，采集分層信息點(diǎn)。 2．整合分層信息，確定寫作要點(diǎn)。 運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法、上下文措辭技巧對文章信息整合再造，分層概括表述。采用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~法、句法等語言知識確定寫作任務(wù)的點(diǎn)睛句，把握寫作任務(wù)

3、要點(diǎn)。 3．牢記詞數(shù)要求，使用地道表達(dá)。 明確寫作詞數(shù)的上下限，采用高級或精簡句式濃縮多個信息點(diǎn)于一句中，高度概括所給文章容。弄清寫作任務(wù)中的人稱和時態(tài)，準(zhǔn)確、地道地表達(dá)，充分展示語言的表現(xiàn)力。 (三)注意事項(xiàng) 1．概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí)，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。 2．安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要容，用較少的文字寫次要容。 3．注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡單地羅列一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，以免顯得生硬。 4．盡量使用短句，慎用長難句。多使用概括性詞語，少用具體描述性詞語。不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但

4、不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達(dá)，至少對原文句子作一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會更好。 5．計算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。以40－80詞為宜。 1 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其容寫一篇60詞左右的容概要。 In many societies，there is often greater acceptance of light skin than dark skin.Light skin may be seen as a mark of beauty，intelligence and success.These beliefs can lead to socia

5、l pressure even within the same racial or ethnic group，if some members are darker skinned than others. The result is that skin lightening has bee a mon activity across Africa，Asia and other areas of the world.More and more people with dark skin are using skin-lightening products，even if they may fa

6、ce health risks. They believe that having whiter skin will improve their lives.Many people think they will have a better chance of getting a job or marrying into a better family.Or they want to look like what their society generally considers beautiful. Some beauty care products and soaps contain

7、chemicals that make skin lighter.This process is also called bleaching(漂白)．But some of the chemicals are extremely dangerous.One of the chemicals has been linked to kidney(腎) damage and some kinds of cancer.It also causes low birth weight in babies when mothers use it during pregnancy. At first，ble

8、aching products make the skin color lighter.But after long-term use they can cause problems.They can even make some skin darker.The chemicals in the products block and break down the natural process that gives color to skin.The skin loses its natural barrier to protect against sunlight.Then the skin

9、 can bee thick and discolored.Usually the person will use more of the product in an effort to correct the problem，but this only makes it worse. Doctor Ly，who works in a hospital，says the chemicals are now more dangerous because they are stronger.Some cases have resulted in blackened fingernails，inf

10、ections and permanent skin damage.And these are not the only risks.Experts say some people who change their skin color suffer emotional damage.They feel regret and sadness.They feel that instead of risking their health，they should have learned to love and accept their skin color as it was.

11、 2 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其容寫一篇60詞左右的容概要。 Are you shy？If you are，you are not alone.In fact，close to 50 percent of people are shy.Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives.These days，shyness is being more and more mon.Now，scientists are trying to understand shyness.Th

12、ey have some interesting ideas about why people are shy. Is it possible to be born shy？Many scientists say yes.They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly.These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies.Interestingly.these shy babies usually have shy parents.As a result，s

13、cientists think that some shyness is genetic. Family size might cause people to be shy as well.Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children.They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters.As a result，they became shy.At the same time，children with no brothers and sisters m

14、ay be shy as well.Growing up alone，they often play by themselves.They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families. You may also be shy because of where you were born.When scientists studied shyness in different countries，they found surprising differences.In Japan，most

15、 people said they were shy.But in Israel，only one of three people said so.What explains the difference？One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure.In Japan，when people do not succeed，they feel bad about themselves.They blame themselves for their failure.In Israel，

16、the opposite is true.Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons，such as family，teachers，friends，or bad luck.In Israel，freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported.This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy. For shy people，it can be difficult to make friends

17、，speak in class，and even get a good job.But scientists say you can get over your shyness.They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation.And don’t forget—if you are shy，you are not the only one. 3 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其容寫一篇60詞左右的容概要。 These days our society develop

18、s rapidly and forces people to rush.It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry.However，it is better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility

19、 of doing wrongs in a rush.When people do their jobs or take action in a hurry，they cannot make a sound decision and probably regret later.As the saying goes，“Haste makes waste.” We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly.We should not make mistakes by doing work

20、 hurriedly. Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better.For example，taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane.However，taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends.Besides，it allows people to fully enjoy

21、the beautiful scenery along the way.On the contrary，being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our life. Finally，slower life pace provides better healthy conditions for us.As is known to all，taking action in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress.People think if they are not in

22、hurry，they will bee a loser and that annoys them.Being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally.According to some studies，people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases，tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense，even if the former finish jobs more slow

23、ly than the latter. In short，working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced.However，much stress can’t bring enjoyment，friends and health，which are much more important than money and other material advantages.Therefore，take your time and live your life at a

24、 slower pace. 4 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其容寫一篇60詞左右的容概要。 Cyberspace(網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間) has given rise to a new social change where people make friends from across the world，but know little about their next-door neighbors.This worries critics(批評家)．Take Bob for example.He thinks his neighbor doesn

25、’t know anything about gardening，but his net friend Gr33nThum does.Besides，Gr33nThum doesn’t do that annoying sound when he talks.Those people like Bob have long been criticized for their lack of necessary social skills.Critics think people almost forget how to naturally municate with their neighbor

26、s，creating a social network of strangers. However，a report entitled “The Strength of Internet Ties” provides a different opinion.It suggests that the Internet helps develop social networks and make use of them when it matters most. Friends often move.As kids，our friends’ parents move away.As adult

27、s，we move away to college or for work.municative tools have made people lose touch with each other as a result of laziness，not distance.“The larger and the more diverse(多樣的) a person’s network，the more important e-mail is，” argues Jeffrey Boase，who co-authored the report.“You can’t make phone calls

28、or personal visits to all your friends very often，but you can keep in touch with them regularly with the help of the Internet.That turns out to be very important.” In addition to expanding and strengthening the social ties people keep in the offline world，Internet and e-mail provide a social and in

29、formational support group that helps people make difficult decisions and face challenges.“Internet use provides online users with a path to resources，such as access to people who may have the right information to help deal with family health problems or find a new job，” says John Horrigan，author of

30、the report.“The Internet creates a new basis for munity.Rather than relying on a single munity for social support，people often must actively seek out a variety of appropriate people and resources for different situations，” says co-author Barry Wellman. 5 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其容寫一

31、篇60詞左右的容概要。 For most of us，social media，like Twitter and Facebook，is a part of our everyday lives—at work，home or both.But a lot of people are still figuring out when to use it and how.This is especially true in high school，where many teachers are unsure of how it fits in the classroom. Dan Krutka

32、，a high school teacher，is an advocate for using social media in the classroom，and is an enthusiastic user of Twitter himself.Krutka says it’s a great way to municate with his students during non-class hours.“You can continue to learn together outside the classroom，” says Krutka.“So when students are

33、 posting on Twitter—say they post something inaccurately or they make a really good point—I can go ahead and respond to them before class.” Krutka says tweeting with his students isn’t just about convenience，it’s a lesson.He says students need to learn how to use social media properly.“People use s

34、ocial media irresponsibly and school should be a place where we’re talking about that and how to use it responsibly，” he says.“As a teacher，I think part of my job is to help students understand how to make best use of it as thoughtful learners.” But Krutka is among the few educators who feel this w

35、ay.Many schools，including those in Western Massachusetts，are still struggling with whether or not Twitter or Facebook should be used as teaching tools.Many teachers believe that social media in general can easily distract students.Sean Kavanagh，a ninth grade world history teacher，tried using Twitter

36、 in class，but was distracted by all of the non-class related “noise”． Besides，it seems that some students don’t feel like this way either.Ray Lynn is in Kavanagh’s history class.“I’d rather keep my school and my personal social media life a little more separate，” she says.“I’d rather not have my te

37、acher on my Twitter or Facebook.” 6 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其容寫一篇60詞左右的容概要。 In modern society there is a great deal of argument about petition.Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁榮)．Others say that petition is bad，that it sets o

38、ne person against another and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them，playing well and winning are often life-and -death affairs.In their sing

39、le-minded pursuit(追求) of success，the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude.In a culture which only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly blame

40、 petition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under petitive pressures from their parents or society.Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail.They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success.By not trying，they always have an excuse，“I ma

41、y have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t want to try.” What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth.Clearly，this belief is the same as that of true petitors who try to

42、prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in parison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(緩解) can we discover a new meaning in petition.

43、 7 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其容寫一篇60詞左右的容概要。 To travel abroad，we often meet the problem of what to take and how to take it.Take as little as possible.Choose clothes for your use in different kinds of situations and when you have made your final selection，take half of it！It is always a big problem to ta

44、ke too many things，and anyway if necessary，you can buy what you need in America.Things like jeans，T-shirts and other clothes are good buys in the US.If you hunt around you can usually find something on sale. Whatever baggage you take，make sure it is easy to take.Getting on and off buses and trains，

45、even just changing planes，can be a test if your bags are too heavy or too many.The best way is to take one suitcase，and then a smaller bag.Even when you have to check in your suitcase at the airport or bus station，you can keep all your money and documents by your side.It is also a good idea to keep

46、a change of clothing in your shoulder bag in case your suitcase gets lost by an airline or bus pany. The means you choose to travel around USA will depend on your money，your time and something else.Since there are certain discounts available to travelers who buy their tickets outside USA，it is a go

47、od idea to make travel plans before you go.Also，when you buy your tickets outside the US，you save the eight percent sales tax.Travel is like everything else in America—you have to shop around for the best buys.Never be afraid to ask for the cheapest fare.The clerk seldom offers you the cheapest one.

48、 8 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其容寫一篇60詞左右的容概要。 Punishing children is a controversial topic.Everybody has different opinions about how to act to correct a child’s behavior.Parents，teachers，doctors，and specialists like psychologists，have disagreements about whether it is good for a c

49、hild’s education to punish him. The word “punish” means different things to different people.Punishment can be physical or emotional.Physical punishment is when the parent hits，slaps or spanks the child. On the other hand，emotional punishment is when the parent，in order to educate the child，doesn’

50、t let him watch TV，go to play with his friends，or do things like that.The parent doesn’t teach him，but still he punishes the child. Although many surveys and studies have been made about what the correct way is to raise a child，nobody has the answer or the truth.I think it will be very difficult to

51、 find the answer or get people to agree. I think parents should love their child and give him the best education，but at the same time，they should punish the child if he deserves it.I think if you love your child，you should be rational when you apply the punishment.It should be reasonable but strict

52、. The parent’s goal is to have in the future a good man or woman in society，so sometimes you should do what is necessary to get your child to behave well. 9 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其容寫一篇60詞左右的容概要。 Sharks are amazing fish that have been around since long before the dinosaurs existed.Th

53、ey live in waters all over the world，in every ocean，and even in some rivers and lakes. Unlike bony fish，sharks have no bones；their skeleton(骨架) is made of cartilage(軟骨)，which is not nearly as hard as bone. There are many different species of sharks that range in size from the size of a person’-gro

54、wn sharks range in size from 7 inches(18cm) long (the Spined Pygmy shark)，up to 50 feet(15m) long (the Whale shark)．Most sharks are middle in size，and are about the same size as people，5－7 feet(1.5－2.1m) long.Half of the 368 shark species are under 39 inches(1m) long. Sharks have a variety of body

55、shapes.Most sharks have streamlined，torpedo-shaped bodies that fly easily through the water.Some sharks(e.g.the angel shark) have flat bodies that allow them to hide in the sand of the ocean bed.Some sharks have a long body shape(e.g.cookiecutter sharks and wobbegongs)．Sawsharks have long noses，and

56、hammerheads have extraordinarily wide heads.The goblin shark has a large，pointed protuberance(凸起) on its head；its purpose is unknown. There are about 368 different species of sharks，which are divided into 30 families.These different families of sharks are very different in the way they look，live，an

57、d eat.They have different shapes，sizes，colors，fins，teeth，habitat，diet，personalities，methods of reproduction，and other characters.Some types of sharks are very rare(like the great white sharks and the megamouth) and some are quite mon(like the dogfish shark and bull shark)．

58、 10 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其容寫一篇60詞左右的容概要。 It’s the weekend and at some point you’’s no doubt that listening to your favorite music can instantly put you in a good mood.But scientists are now discovering that music can do more for you than just lift your spirits. Research is showing it has a variety of hea

59、lth benefits. Fresh research from Austria has found that listening to music can help patients with chronic(慢性的) back pain.And a recent survey by Mind—the mental health charity—found that after discussing，patients found group treat such as art and music treat，the most useful. Here，we present some v

60、ery useful ways that music can help you and your family’s health.Music works on the autonomic nervous system—the part of the nervous system responsible for controlling our blood pressure，heartbeat and brain function—and also the limbic system—the part of the brain that controls feelings and emotions

61、.According to one piece of research，both these systems react sensitively to music. When slow rhythms are played，our blood pressure and heartbeat slow down，which helps us breathe more slowly，thus reducing muscle tension in our neck，shoulders，stomach and back.And experts say that apart from physical

62、tension，music also reduces psychological tension in our mind. In other words，when we feel painful，we bee frightened，frustrated and angry，which makes us tense up hundreds of muscles in our back.Listening to music on a regular basis helps our bodies relax physically and mentally，thus helping to relie

63、ve and prevent back pain. Experts believe any type of classical music such as Mozart or Beethoven can help relieve muscle pain.Calm，slow music is also thought to help. 答案解析 1 Many people prefer light skin to dark skin，believing that it helps improve their life and cater

64、s to the social standard of beauty.Therefore，it is mon to try skin-lightening products.However，bleaching containing chemicals has long-’s worse，it may fail to achieve expected results.Thus，doctors remend people not to put their health at risk but love and accept their natural colors. 2 Shyness is

65、mon and some reasons may account for it according to scientists.They think shyness may e from genetics，family size and birth place.For instance，younger children or the only child are more likely to be shy；Israelis are less shy than Japanese because of their different attitudes towards failure.To hel

66、p people suffering from shyness，scientists also give some useful suggestions. 3 To live life at a slower pace is better than to live life in a hurry.There are three reasons for this.Firstly，doing things in a hurry will raise the possibility of making mistakes.Secondly，being in a hurry will not give people enough time to enjoy their life.Thirdly，doing things in a hurry raises people’s pressure and therefore is bad for their health.Thus，Let’s slow down for a healthier and happier life. 4 Some