（新課標）2020屆高考英語一輪復習 專題三 閱讀理解 考點二十 史地人文類（含解析）

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1、考點二十　史地人文類 A 限時8分鐘 The Nazca Lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs (地畫) in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru． It is ranging from geometric patterns to drawings of different animals and stylized humanlike forms． The ancient lines can only be truly taken in from high in the air, leaving

2、 generations puzzled as to how these precise works could have been completed long before the documented invention of human flight． The Lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying across the Peruvian desert in the 1920s． Who built them and what was their purpose? Are they roads,

3、star pointers, maybe even a gigantic map? If the people who lived here 2,000 years ago had only a simple technology, how did they manage to construct such precise figures? Did they have a plan? These markings are like a vast puzzle． The Nazca Lines are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs in the

4、 world． There are also huge geoglyphs in Egypt, Malta, the United States (Mississippi and California), Chile, Holivia and in other countries． But the Nazca geoglyphs, because of their numbers, characteristics, dimensions and cultural continuity as they were made and remade throughout a certain histo

5、ry period, form the most impressive archeological (考古學的) group． The Nazca plain is unique for its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate (one of the driest on Earth, with only twenty minutes of rainfall per year) and the flat, stony ground which minimizes th

6、e effect of the wind at ground level． With no dust or sand to cover the plain and little rain or wind to erode (腐蝕) it, lines drawn here tend to stay drawn． These factors, combined with the existence of lightercolored subsoil beneath the desert surface, provide a vast writing pad that is suited to

7、the artist who wants to leave his mark eternal． 1．What can we know about the Nazca Lines from the first two paragraphs? A．They are built as a big map． B．They are formed by nature． C．They are ancient lines in caves． D．They are huge markings in a desert． 答案：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“The Nazca Lines

8、 are a series of large ancient geoglyphs (地畫) in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru．”及下文對The Nazca Lines圖案和發(fā)現(xiàn)過程的具體介紹可知，the Nazca Lines是出現(xiàn)在秘魯南部Nazca沙漠的大型古代地畫，故選D。 2．How many factors make the Nazca Lines the most impressive? A．One． B．Two． C．Three． D．Four． 答案：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“because o

9、f their numbers, characteristics, dimensions and cultural continuity ．．．, form the most impressive”可知，四個因素使得這些地畫給人留下極為深刻的印象，故選D。 3．Why are the Nazca Lines well preserved? A．Because of the wind at ground level． B．Because of the existence of soft soil． C．Because of the climate and geography． D．Be

10、cause of the thick sand on the top． 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The Nazca plain is unique for its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate (one of the driest on Earth, with only twenty minutes of rainfall per year) and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect

11、 of the wind at ground level．”可知，因為這里干燥少雨的氣候和平坦多石的地形使地畫能很好地保留下來，故選C。 4．What does the underlined word “eternal” probably mean? A．Nonstop． B．Everlasting． C．Reallife． D．Highend． 答案：B　詞義猜測題。最后一句指這些因素，加上沙漠表面下淺色底土的存在，給想要永久留下印記的藝術家提供了一個巨大的書寫板。eternal “永恒的”，和everlasting同義，故選B。 B 限時8分鐘 Fo

12、r most of us Veterans Day just means a chance to enjoy an extra day off from school or work． However this November 11th, be sure to spend a few minutes on its true purpose, by acknowledging (感謝) the men and women who have served in our armed forces． And you don't have to stop at just this one day．

13、Join the over 10,000 youth members of the Young Marines group that honor these brave men and women all year long with special events and completely spoil them for an entire week, from November 4th to 11th, by visiting hospitalized veterans, performing chores for disabled veterans and even organizing

14、 communitywide social events． The program open to kids ranging from the age of eight all the way to high school, is a great way to not only show your appreciation, but also get a chance to do some fun activities with likeminded kids and make a real difference in a veteran's life． People often bel

15、ieve that Memorial Day and Veterans Day are celebrated for the same reason． There is however a subtle but important difference between the two． While both honor our military personnel, the former is a day to remember and pay respect to all the men and women that died serving our country in a war, wh

16、ile Veterans Day is to celebrate the soldiers who are still alive and served in the forces at any time, during peace or war． Though several other countries celebrate this day in honor of their own veterans, the meaning is slightly different from each one． Some like the United Kingdom, celebrate it

17、in honor of all soldiers—living or dead, while others like Canada celebrate it to honor all living veterans． They also call it different names． France and New Zealand still call it Armistice Day． In the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada it is referred to as Remembrance Day, while Malta and South

18、Africa celebrate it as Poppy Day． No matter what it is called, the reason for observing the day is the same—to show our appreciation to the brave men and women who sacrifice (犧牲) everything to make this world a safer place for the rest of us． 5．What can kids do at the Young Marines group program

19、? A．Organize parties for disabled veterans． B．Help take care of sick veterans． C．Share stories with veterans and other kids． D．Entertain veterans by singing and dancing． 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“by visiting hospitalized veterans, performing chores for disabled veterans and even organizing communi

20、tywide social events”可知，孩子們也可以幫助照顧生病的老兵。 6．What can we learn about Memorial Day? A．It is another name for Veterans Day． B．It is a service in remembrance of war dead． C．It is observed on November 11th every year． D．It honors soldiers who are serving in the military． 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段尾句中的“the f

21、ormer is a day to remember and pay respect to all the men and women that died serving our country in a war”可知，這個節(jié)日是為了紀念在戰(zhàn)爭中為國家捐軀的人們。 7．What's the main purpose of Veterans Day? A．To celebrate America's success in world wars． B．To let people have one more day off． C．To organize fun activities for

22、school children． D．To show respect for soldiers' contributions． 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段尾句中的“Veterans Day is to celebrate the soldiers who are still alive and served in the forces at any time, during peace or war”和最后一段內(nèi)容可知，盡管各個國家稱呼Veterans Day的方式有所不同，但主要目的都是為了表達對勇敢的士兵們的敬意。 8．What is Paragraph 4 mainly ab

23、out? A．The origin of Veterans Day． B．The history of Veterans Day． C．Veterans Day observance． D．Veterans Day around the world． 答案：D　段落大意題。由第四段內(nèi)容可知，本段介紹了幾個國家向老兵們表達敬意的節(jié)日。 C 限時7分鐘 Black Friday is the Friday following Thanksgiving Day in the United States． It has been regarded as the beginning o

24、f the holiday shopping season． Although it's not an official holiday, millions of employers give their employees the day off, and many people use that day to get a jumpstart on their holiday shopping． A similar day in Canada and the Great Britain is called “Boxing Day”． Black Friday has become som

25、ewhat of a marketing sensation in recent years． Since 2005, it has been the busiest shopping day of the year． To lure shoppers, retailers (零售商) routinely open their doors as early as 4 am and offer special sales and promotions to the shoppers that arrive early． Some of the special deals offered by s

26、tores are only available in limited quantities． That is why some shoppers intent on getting the best deals often camp out in front of stores overnight so that they'll be the first in line when the doors open． But why Black Friday? Historians believe the name started in Philadelphia in the mid1960s

27、． Bus drivers and police used “Black Friday” to describe the heavy traffic that would block city streets the day after Thanksgiving as shoppers headed to the stores． Businesses, however, didn't like the negative tone associated with the “Black Friday” name． In the early 1980s, a more positive expla

28、nation of the name began to circulate． According to this alternative explanation, Black Friday is the day when retailers finally begin to turn a profit for the year． In accounting terms (會計說法), operating at a loss is called being “in the red” because accountants traditionally used red ink to show ne

29、gative amounts． Positive amounts were usually shown in black ink． Thus，being “in the black” is a good thing because it means stores are operating at a profit． Recently, for those who are too busy to shop on Black Friday or who just don't want to fight the crowds, the Monday following Black Friday h

30、as become known as Cyber Monday (網(wǎng)絡星期一) for the many online deals． 9．On Black Friday, the Americans ________． A．don't have to go to work as usual B．look exactly like the Canadians C．a(chǎn)re usually busy doing shopping D．stay at home and relax themselves 答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句可知，雖然“黑色星期五”不是官方節(jié)日

31、，但許多老板會給員工放假，人們通常在這一天忙著購物。 10．The underlined word “l(fā)ure” (in Paragraph 2) probably means “________”． A．protect B．a(chǎn)ttract C．persuade D．remind 答案：B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子“retailers (零售商) routinely open their doors as early as 4 am and offer special sales and promotions to the shoppers that arrive e

32、arly(零售商早上4點就開門，給早到的顧客一些特價打折和促銷)”，故可推知，lure是“吸引”的意思。 11．How do the retailers understand Black Friday? A．It is totally different from Boxing Day． B．They usually lose some money on that day． C．It never keeps them very busy． D．It probably brings them more money． 答案：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句可知，零售商認為“黑色星期

33、五”可以帶給他們更多的利潤。 12．The author writes this passage in order to ________． A．state the development of Cyber Monday B．tell the difference between red and black C．introduce Black Friday to the readers D．explain the meaning of Boxing Day 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章對這個特殊“節(jié)日”的介紹和關鍵信息第一段第一句“Black Friday is the Fri

34、day following Thanksgiving Day in the United States．”可知，文章主要向讀者介紹“黑色星期五”的相關信息。 D 限時7分鐘 Christmas in the United States is traditionally a time of gift－giving and family gatherings． But small towns across the country have their own traditions． Middleburg, a small town in the state of Virginia, is

35、known for its horses． For more than 50 years, Middleburg has organized a yearly Christmas parade (游行)． Men and women ride horses through the woods and fields． They follow hunting dogs as they search for a wild fox． But first, these hunters ride in the yearly parade, wearing their bright red hunting

36、clothes and hats． John Hale, a citizen of Middleburg says many city people visit his town． “We have a lot of people from an urban area that come to visit, but it incorporates a lot of the old traditions．” The nighttime hayride is one such tradition． Small groups gather under the moonlight on an o

37、pen wagon filled with hay． The passengers sing as farm horses pull the wagon slowly across the fields． There are some newer traditions, too． Trey Matheu works at the nearby Salamander Resort． He says a visit to Middleburg is a chance to slow down for a day． He says Middleburg can be a calming, peac

38、eful place without tension． “Middleburg is an opportunity to take a step back, to take a deep breath, and understand that even though life is moving on at a very fast pace, there's really an opportunity where you're allowed to step off for a little bit．” Parade organizers say more than 13,000 peop

39、le attend even in below freezing weather． But if you ask, you will hear many different reasons why people come to watch the parade： “I come here because I'm from a small town． I like how everybody comes together．” “I live right down that street, right there． And that's my dog．” Middleburg looks

40、its best at Christmas time． That may be why so many people return each year． 13．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Middleburg's Christmas Parade B．A Small Town Known for Horses C．Christmas Traditions in Middleburg D．Newer Traditions at Christmastime 答案：C　標題判斷題。本文主要介

41、紹了弗吉尼亞州的一個小鎮(zhèn)Middleburg的圣誕節(jié)傳統(tǒng)，C項最具概括性。 14．At Christmas, people in Middleburg usually ________． A．visit friends and families B．feed farm horses with hay C．hunt for dogs in the woods D．ride in the yearly parade 答案：D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，在圣誕節(jié)，Middleburg的人們會著盛裝在一年一度的游行中騎馬。 15．According to Trey Matheu

42、, why do people visit Middleburg? A．To relax themselves． B．To enjoy the fresh air． C．To escape competition． D．To challenge themselves． 答案：A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四、五段可知，Trey Matheu認為游覽Middleburg會讓人感到放松、平靜，可以暫時逃離快節(jié)奏的生活，因此選擇A。 16．What do we know about the small town Middleburg? A．It makes a large profit fro

43、m tourism． B．It attracts many people each year． C．It is a good place for family gatherings． D．It doesn't respect Christmas traditions． 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段首句可知，即使在零度以下這樣的天氣，還有13,000多人來參加這個游行，所以可推知，這個小鎮(zhèn)每年吸引很多人來游覽。 A 限時10分鐘 (2018·浙江高考)As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young． The

44、 Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line (裝配線) on September 27, 1908． Only eleven cars were produced the next month． But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them． Modern America was born on the road, behi

45、nd a wheel． The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger． For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds． The road novel, the road m

46、ovie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a neverending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history． In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage．” Since then, this societ

47、y has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farmbased society into an industrial power． The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster． In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990． The problems of ex

48、cessive (過度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L． Friedman． He fears the worst, but hopes for the best． Friedman points out that the green economy (經(jīng)濟) is a chance to keep American strength． “The ability to design,

49、build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century．” 1．Why is hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To explain Americans' love for travelling by car． B．To show the influence of cars on Am

50、erican culture． C．To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans． D．To praise the effectiveness of America's road system． 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger．”(汽車塑造了美國文化中一些最

51、持久的層面：路邊小餐館、廣告牌、汽車旅館，甚至是漢堡。)可知，該段提及漢堡是為了顯示汽車對美國文化的影響。故選B。 2．What has the use of cars in America led to? A．Decline of economy． B．Environmental problems． C．A shortage of oil supply． D．A farmbased society． 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句以及第五段第一句可推知，美國汽車的使用導致了環(huán)境問題。故選B。 3．What is Friedman's attitude towards

52、America's future? A．Ambiguous． B．Doubtful． C．Hopeful． D．Tolerant． 答案：C　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，F(xiàn)riedman認為在新世紀能夠設計、構(gòu)建和輸出生產(chǎn)清潔水、潔凈空氣以及健康和充足食品的綠色技術將成為新世紀的硬通貨。同時結(jié)合第五段最后一句中的“hopes for the best”可知，F(xiàn)riedman對美國的未來充滿希望。故選C。 B 限時10分鐘 (2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Cities usually have a good reason for being wh

53、ere they are, like a nearby port or river． People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade． New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River． Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 peopl

54、e to 8 million． But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time． Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight． In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野)． But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a populat

55、ion of 30,000． Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris． People went there for gold． They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers． The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without w

56、arming． An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people． For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip． Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich． About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives． But no matter how rich

57、they were, Dawson was never comfortable． Necessities like food and wood were very expensive． But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found． The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,

58、they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come． Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened． Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762． 4．What attracted the early settlers to New York City? A．Its business culture． B．Its sm

59、all population． C．Its geographical position． D．Its favourable climate． 答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一、二句，并結(jié)合關鍵信息第三句“New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River．”可知，紐約吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正確。 5．What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson? A．Twothird

60、s of them stayed there． B．One out of five people got rich． C．Almost everyone gave up． D．Half of them died． 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich．”可知，在最初挖黃金的兩萬人中有4,000人變富有，所以是五分之一的人變富了，故B正確。 6．What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?

61、 A．They found the city too crowded． B．They wanted to try their luck elsewhere． C．They were unable to stand the winter． D．They were short of food． 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第四句中的“．．． and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come”可知，人們離開

62、Dawson的主要原因是聽說在Alaska發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃金，也就是他們要去別的地方尋找發(fā)財?shù)臋C會。故B正確。 7．What is the text mainly about? A．The rise and fall of a city． B．The gold rush in Canada． C．Journeys into the wilderness． D．Tourism in Dawson． 答案：A　主旨大意題。第一段簡要介紹城市發(fā)展的原因，引出Dawson這一城市的興起，第二段介紹了該城市興起的原因，第三段介紹人們選擇離開該城市的原因及該城市現(xiàn)在的狀況，所以全文敘說了Dawson這

63、個城市的興衰。故A正確。 C 限時10分鐘 (2019·浙江省杭州市高考模擬)Little New Year (Chinese: Xiaonian) is usually a week before the lunar New Year． It is also known as the Festival of the Kitchen God, the deity (神) who oversees the moral character of each household． Here are six things you should know about the Little New Y

64、ear, another sign of the start of spring． 1．Offer sacrifices to Kitchen God One of the most distinctive traditions of the Little New Year is the burning of a paper image of the Kitchen God, who will report on the family's conduct over the past year． The offerings to the Kitchen God include pig's h

65、ead, fish, sweet bean paste, melons, fruit, boiled dumplings, barley sugar, and Guandong candy, a sticky treat made out of glutinous millet and sprouted wheat． Most of the offerings are sweets of various varieties． It is thought that this will seal the Kitchen God's mouth and encourage him to only s

66、ay good things about the family when he ascends to heaven to make his report． 2．House cleaning According to Chinese folk beliefs, during the last month of the year ghosts and deities must choose either to return to Heaven or to stay on Earth． It is believed that in order to ensure the ghosts and deities' timely departure people must thoroughly clean both their persons and their houses, down to every last drawer and cupboard． 3．Eat Guandong candy Guandong candy, a sticky treat made out of glu