備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ) 糾錯(cuò)筆記系列 專(zhuān)題05 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(含解析)
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1、專(zhuān)題05 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 1. Lily doesn’t feel like __________ (study)abroad. Her parents are old. (單句語(yǔ)法填空) 【錯(cuò)因分析】易誤填to study。like to do sth. 喜歡做某事,偶爾一次喜歡做某事;like doing sth.后跟動(dòng)詞不定式,經(jīng)常性地喜歡做某事??吹絣ike,容易誤填to study。此句表示莉莉不想要出國(guó)留學(xué),feel like doing sth. 想要做某事。 【試題解析】句意:"莉蒂亞不想出國(guó)讀書(shū)。(因?yàn)椋┧母改改昙o(jì)大了。"feel like doing sth.
2、意為"想要做某事",是固定搭配。 【參考答案】studying 動(dòng)名詞與不定式的不同 1) 動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別 動(dòng)名詞 狀態(tài),性質(zhì),心境,抽象,經(jīng)常性,已發(fā)生的 不定式 目的,結(jié)果,原因,具體,一次性,將發(fā)生的 2) 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞,意義相近,如:begin/start to do = begin/start doing; continue to do =continue doing。 3) 動(dòng)名詞與不定式語(yǔ)義不同的有11組: stop to do stop doing forget to do forget doing remember to do re
3、member doing regret to do regret doing cease to do cease doing try to do try doing go on to do go on doing afraid to do afraid doing interested to do interested doing mean to do mean doing begin / start to do begin/ start doing 常見(jiàn)考法 1. 不定式作狀語(yǔ); 2. it作形式主語(yǔ)代替后面的不定式; 3. 不定式的否定形式; 4.
4、 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的不定式; 5. 不定式省to情況; 6. 不定式作定語(yǔ)的情況。 誤區(qū)提醒 1. 不定式的不同形式誤用; 2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中仍然省to; 3. 否定形式not位置弄錯(cuò); 4. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中該省to不?。? 5. 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)丟內(nèi)容。 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) a. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),某些及物動(dòng)詞后面直接接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能加動(dòng)名詞,不能加不定式,如advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, suggest
5、, escape, bear等。 ?Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每當(dāng)違反交通規(guī)則時(shí),Mark總是嘗試著逃脫懲罰。 b. 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)(單個(gè)介詞或最后是介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)),如depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst into, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, g
6、et down to等。 ?We are against killing small animals. 我們反對(duì)屠殺小動(dòng)物。 ?Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我們是休息一下還是繼續(xù)工作? c. 作短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)give up, keep on, put off, insist on等。 ?He is often persuaded to give up smoking. 他總是被勸戒煙。 d. 其他情況be worth, be busy, can’t help, can’t stand等。 ?The musi
7、c is well worth listening to more than once. 這音樂(lè)值得反復(fù)聽(tīng)。 ?We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我們忙著為即將到來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。 不定式作賓語(yǔ) ?I want to speak to Tom. 我想跟Tom談?wù)劇? ?Please show us how to do that. 請(qǐng)給我們演示一下怎么操作。 2. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __________(be)late for
8、 school. (單句語(yǔ)法填空) 【錯(cuò)因分析】易誤填been或be。worried about...是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ), 【試題解析】句意:一天早上,我正在等公交車(chē),擔(dān)心上學(xué)會(huì)遲到。介詞about后面用名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),故填being。 【參考答案】being 3. __________ (ignore)the differences between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. (單句語(yǔ)法填空) 【錯(cuò)因分析】分析不清句子成分,易誤填I(lǐng)gnore。 【試題解析】句意:
9、忽視這兩種研究結(jié)果的差異將是你所犯的最嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是will be;"one of the worst mistakes..."是表語(yǔ);you make是省略關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾mistakes。很顯然,"__________ the differences between the two research findings"是主語(yǔ)部分,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知設(shè)空處用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。 【參考答案】Ignoring 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ): a. 直接位于句首作主語(yǔ)。 ?Swimming is a good sport in summer. 夏天游泳是一項(xiàng)很不錯(cuò)的運(yùn)
10、動(dòng)。 b. it作形式主語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有:better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, useless, senseless, worthwhile等。 ?It is no use telling him not to worry. 告訴他沒(méi)必要擔(dān)心。 注意:important, essential, necessary之后常用不定式。 c. 用于"There be"結(jié)構(gòu)中。 ?There is no saying when he’ll come. 不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。 d. 用于
11、布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。 ?No smoking (=No smoking is allowed (here).(這里)禁止抽煙。 ?No parking. 禁止停車(chē)。 e. 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)。 ?Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他們的到來(lái)及提供的幫助對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是極大地鼓勵(lì)。 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的比較 a. 動(dòng)名詞多用來(lái)表示泛指,不定式多用來(lái)表示特指。 ?Smoking is not good for health. 抽煙對(duì)健康有害。 ?It is not good for you to
12、 smoke so much. 抽這么多煙對(duì)你不好。 b. 在It is no use..., It is no good..., It is fun..., It is a waste of time...等句型中,常用動(dòng)名詞作真實(shí)主語(yǔ)。 ?It is no use talking about that. 說(shuō)那些沒(méi)有用。 ?It is no good quarreling with him. 跟他吵架沒(méi)好處。 c. 在疑問(wèn)句中,通常用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),不用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)。 ?Does your saying that mean anything to him? 你說(shuō)那個(gè)對(duì)他
13、意味著什么對(duì)嗎? d. 在"There be"句型中,只能用動(dòng)名詞,而不能用不定式作主語(yǔ)。 ?There is no telling what will happen. 沒(méi)有被告知將要發(fā)生什么。 e. 句子中的主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),要遵循前后一致的原則,主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)在形式上要求統(tǒng)一: ?Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 4. No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished __________ (make)them, so he couldn’t hav
14、e done it. 【錯(cuò)因分析】易誤填having made。有的考生誤以為是-ing形式的完成式作賓語(yǔ),從而誤填having made。 【試題解析】finish后只能接名詞、代詞或-ing形式作賓語(yǔ),故填making。 【參考答案】making。 常見(jiàn)后跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞有: acknowledge承認(rèn),自認(rèn) cease 停止 mention說(shuō)到,講到 admit 承認(rèn) tolerate忍受 dislike不喜歡,討厭 advocate提倡,主張 complete完成 dread可怕 appreciate感激,欣賞 co
15、nfess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate細(xì)想 enjoy享有,喜愛(ài) bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒 can’t help不禁 delay延遲 escape逃跑,逃避 can’t stand受不了 deny否認(rèn) excuse借口 consider 考慮 detest嫌惡 fancy幻想,愛(ài)好 favor 造成,偏愛(ài) mind介意 repent悔悟 figure描繪,計(jì)算 miss錯(cuò)過(guò) resent怨恨 fin
16、ish完成,結(jié)束不得 pardon原諒,饒恕 resist抵抗,阻止 forgive原諒 permit 允許 resume恢復(fù) imagine設(shè)想 postpone延遲,延期 risk冒險(xiǎn) involve卷入,包含 practise實(shí)行,實(shí)踐 suggest建議 hate討厭 prevent阻止 save營(yíng)救,儲(chǔ)蓄 keep保持 quit放棄停止 stand堅(jiān)持,忍受 loathe非常討厭,厭惡 recall回想 5. When I came in, my naughty son pr
17、etended __________(read). 【錯(cuò)因分析】to read。有的考生以為這里是不定式的一般式作賓語(yǔ),從而誤填to read。 【試題解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,這里的pretended后要接to be doing 作賓語(yǔ),表示"我"進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),兒子假裝"正在做什么"。本句意為:我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我那頑皮的兒子假裝在看書(shū)。 【參考答案】to be reading 常見(jiàn)后跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞有: attempt企圖 enable能夠 neglect忽視 afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定
18、 mean意欲,打算 begin開(kāi)始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏 appear似乎,顯得 determine決定 manage設(shè)法 cease停止 hate憎恨,厭惡 pretend假裝 ask問(wèn) dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love愛(ài) swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg請(qǐng)求 fail不能 plan計(jì)劃 bother擾亂;煩惱
19、 forget忘記 prefer喜歡,寧愿 care關(guān)心,喜歡 happen碰巧 prepare準(zhǔn)備 decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí) regret抱歉,遺憾 choose選擇 hesitate猶豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承諾,允許 start開(kāi)始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意,贊同 intend想要 refuse拒絕 decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí) vow起 contrive設(shè)法,圖謀
20、 incline有……傾向 propose提議 seek找,尋覓 try試圖 【歸納】 決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望,拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。 主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃,同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help 1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ______
21、_. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 【解析】如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí),常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。 【答案】B 2. —I usually go there by train. —Why not _______ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and
22、 go D. try going 【解析】why not后面接不帶to的不定式,故選D。 【答案】D 3. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 【解析】make后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí),to不可省略,故選B。 【答案】B 4. She pretend
23、ed _______ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 【解析】pretend后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。 【答案】A 5. The patient was warned _______ only food after the operation. A. to eat no B. eating not
24、 C. not to eat D. not eating 【解析】warn一詞要求后用不定式,否定形式為be warned not to do。 【答案】C 6. Days of snowstorms have left the city ________ under thick layers of ice and some 50,000 homes without power. A. to be trapped B. trapped C. having trapped D. being trapp
25、ed 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:連日的暴雪使這個(gè)城市陷入厚厚的冰雪中,大約5萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭停電。此處是"leave+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu),the city與trap之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),故選B項(xiàng)。 【答案】B 7. Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if ________ properly, may contribute to spreading diseases. A. not handled B. not being handled C. not to be handled
26、 D. not having been handled 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:專(zhuān)家警告說(shuō),如果醫(yī)院的醫(yī)療垃圾不能恰當(dāng)處理,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致疾病的蔓延。if條件句中省略的主語(yǔ)是medical waste from hospitals,與handle之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選A項(xiàng)。 【答案】A 8. Faced with a bill for $10,000, ________. A. Smith has taken an extra job B. the boss has given Smith an extra job C. an extra job has bee
27、n taken D. an extra job has been given to Smith 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:面對(duì)1萬(wàn)美元的賬單,史密斯又找了一份工作。前半句是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),只有主、從句主語(yǔ)一致的時(shí)候,才能用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),所以主句主語(yǔ)與be faced with的主語(yǔ)一致,故選A項(xiàng)。 【答案】A 1. A study of travelers __________ (conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in th
28、e world. 【錯(cuò)因分析】conducting。有的考生以為此處為-ing形式作后置定語(yǔ)而誤填conducting。 【試題解析】根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,study和conduct之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系(同時(shí)注意空格后的介詞by),所以使用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。 【參考答案】conducted。 過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求,要一一記住。 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) ?Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開(kāi)展了一次有組織的旅行。 ?Those sele
29、cted as committee members will attend the meeting. 當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會(huì)。 注意 當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞是單詞時(shí),一般用于名詞前,如果是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ),就放在名詞的后面。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如: ?a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking ?a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine whi
30、ch is used for washing ?a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading 不定式作定語(yǔ)通常要放在被修飾的詞后。 ?I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 2. What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to "air condition" a house without ________(use)electric equipment. 【錯(cuò)因分析】used。有的考生認(rèn)為
31、此處為過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)而誤填used。 【試題解析】由空格前的介詞without可知,空格處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)名詞形式。 【參考答案】using 動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的同與不同 相同之處:它們都是由動(dòng)詞變化而成的,它們都保留了動(dòng)詞的某些特征,它們都能帶自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ),而構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)去擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分。 ?Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful. 能做演講,他肯定很開(kāi)心。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ),作狀語(yǔ)) ?She hates speaking in the public. 她討厭做演講。(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)) 區(qū)
32、別: 1)動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用于系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ),區(qū)別方法是: a. 作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)指的是同一件事,此時(shí)系動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于"是",通常把主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的位置互換,語(yǔ)法和意思不變。 ?My hobby is swimming.可改為:Swimming is my hobby. 我的愛(ài)好是游泳。 b. 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)主要用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì),不能與主語(yǔ)互換位置,例如: ?The story is interesting. 不可改為:Interesting is the story. 這個(gè)故事很有趣。 2)動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾名詞,區(qū)別在于:動(dòng)名詞修飾名詞時(shí)主要表示該名詞的
33、用途,而現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞時(shí)表性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作等。比較: a swimming boy 一個(gè)正在游泳的男孩,即a boy who is swimming,現(xiàn)在分詞swimming表示被修飾名詞boy的動(dòng)作。 a swimming suit 游泳衣,即a suit for swimming,動(dòng)名詞swimming表示suit 的用途。 常見(jiàn)考法 1. 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù); 2. 在動(dòng)名詞和不定式中,作為介詞的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞; 3. 動(dòng)名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞,通過(guò)代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語(yǔ); 4. 有些詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞; 5. 另外還有一些接-ing形式的常
34、用說(shuō)法。 誤區(qū)提醒 1. 動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)數(shù)用錯(cuò); 2. to作不定式符號(hào)和介詞分不清; 3. 否定形式not位置不對(duì); 4. 動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的用法弄混; 5. 只接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)、句型識(shí)記不完整。 1.(2019﹒天津卷﹒單項(xiàng)填空)____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned 【答案】C
35、 【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:學(xué)會(huì)批判性思維是當(dāng)代小孩未來(lái)所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主語(yǔ)成分,而過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞都不可以作主語(yǔ)。此處用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),故選C。 2. (2018·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空) Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use 【答案】A 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:如果正確使用的話,普通的肥皂可以有效地處理細(xì)菌。Ordinary soap can deal wit
36、h bacterial effectively是主句,_________ correctly是條件狀語(yǔ),修飾ordinary soap,ordinary soap和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故要用過(guò)去分詞,A選項(xiàng)正確。 3. I would appreciate __________ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you’re calling 【解析】appreciate后可直接加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),也可加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。 【答案】C
37、 4. What worried the child most was __________ to visit his mother in the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed 【解析】錯(cuò)選C或D。本題為動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。Doing的否定形式not要加在前面,這點(diǎn)一定要注意。此外,此處應(yīng)表被動(dòng),故選B。 【答案】B
38、 5. __________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The president’s attending 【解析】錯(cuò)選C。此句缺少主語(yǔ)。A、C為句子,但無(wú)引導(dǎo)詞,故排除;B項(xiàng)邏輯上及形式上都不對(duì)。正確答案D,為一動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 【答案】D 6. On
39、the bank of the river, we found him __________ on a bench, with his eyes __________ on a kite in the sky. A. seated; fixing B. sitting; fixing C. seated; being fixed D. sitting; fixed 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他坐在河岸邊的長(zhǎng)椅上,眼睛盯著空中的風(fēng)箏。第一空用seated或sitting作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ);第二空是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),由fix one's eyes on sth可知這里用
40、過(guò)去分詞fixed,故選D項(xiàng)。 【答案】D 7. __________ by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain makes it a famous tourist attraction. A. Surrounded B. Being surrounded C. Having been surrounded D. Surrounding 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:被美麗的綠色的山包圍著而且位于廬山的山腳下使得它成為一個(gè)著名的旅游勝地。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子缺少
41、主語(yǔ),且surround與it之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式,故選B項(xiàng)。 【答案】B 8. As is known to all, Montreal is the second largest French-speaking city in the world, __________. A. Paris is the largest B. Paris being the largest C. Paris to be the largest D. Paris be the largest 【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:眾所周知,蒙特利爾是世界上說(shuō)法語(yǔ)
42、的第二大城市,巴黎是第一大城市。前半句是簡(jiǎn)單句,中間沒(méi)有連詞,所以后半句需要用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ),且Paris和be之間是主謂關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ),故選B項(xiàng)。 【答案】B 9. Put everything __________ to you in your bag, not others. A. belongs B. belonged C. belonging D. to belong 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:把所有屬于你的物品而不是別人的放進(jìn)你的包里。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是分詞作定語(yǔ),belong to是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),與every
43、thing之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞,故選C項(xiàng)。 【答案】C 10. Everyone in this country should work hard and do what they can __________ against national smog. A. fight B. fought C. fighting D. to fight 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:這個(gè)國(guó)家的每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該努力并盡自己所能去抵抗全國(guó)性的霧霾。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,what they can是do的賓語(yǔ),后面應(yīng)該接不定式表目的,故選D項(xiàng)。 【答案】D 11. —
44、Shall we put off the match because of the bad weather? —No. Rain or shine, the match will be held as __________. A. schedule B. scheduling C. scheduled D. to schedule 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:"天氣不好,我們要不要推遲比賽?""不用,不論晴天還是雨天,比賽都將按期舉行。"as后省略了it is/has been,match和schedule之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且動(dòng)作已完成,所以用過(guò)去分詞,故選C項(xiàng)。
45、【答案】C 1. Peter’s Chinese was poor when he came to China, so he couldn’t make himself __________ (understand).(單句語(yǔ)法填空) 【錯(cuò)因分析】易誤填understand。有些同學(xué)一看到make,就想起了make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事。易誤填understand。但是此句中主語(yǔ)是he,make后面是himself,表達(dá)的是使他自己被聽(tīng)懂,被弄明白。make oneself done使某人自己被……。 【試題解析】句意:"當(dāng)彼得來(lái)中國(guó)時(shí),他的漢語(yǔ)很差,所以他不能清
46、楚地表達(dá)自己"。himself與understand為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故填understood。 【參考答案】understood 過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ?I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這首歌被唱了好幾次。 有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞作with短語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 ?With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他們出去玩去了。 2. He had his watch __________ (steal) on the bus the other day. 【錯(cuò)因
47、分析】to be stone。有的考生誤以為是不定式的被動(dòng)式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ),從而誤填to be stolen。 【試題解析】根據(jù)句意,這里是被動(dòng),由have sth done(使某物被做)可知,空格處應(yīng)該填steal的過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。本句意為:前幾天在公交車(chē)上他的手表被人偷了。 【參考答案】stolen 不定式作賓補(bǔ) ?Father will not allow us to play on the street. 爸爸不允許我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠!? 1.(2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空)China's image is improving steadily, with more countrie
48、s__________ its role in international affairs. A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized 【解析】考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:中國(guó)的形象正在穩(wěn)步提升,更多的國(guó)家認(rèn)識(shí)到中國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中的作用?!案嗟膰?guó)家”和“認(rèn)識(shí)”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用with + 名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu),故選A。 【答案】A 2.(2018·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空)I need a new passport so I will have to h
49、ave my photographs___________. A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:我需要一個(gè)新護(hù)照,所以我將不得不拍照片。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)my photograph與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。C項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行。故選B。 【答案】B 3. Unless ________, the fridge won’t work properly. A. repairing B. having re
50、paired C. being repaired D. repaired 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:除非維修,否則冰箱不能正常工作。在作狀語(yǔ)的分詞前常可加一個(gè)時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞來(lái)表示邏輯關(guān)系。本題中the fridge與repair之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞,故選D。 【答案】D 4. —What’s in the parcel? —Some clothes ________ to our son this afternoon. A. sent B. being sent C. to send D. t
51、o be sent 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:"那個(gè)包裹里面裝著什么?""一些下午要送給兒子的衣服。"由this afternoon可知,此處表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,故用不定式形式;又由于clothes和send之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選D。 【答案】D 5. The young actor has broken his marriage faith with his wife for another actress, ________ much comment against him in blogs. A. setting off B. to set apart C. se
52、tting forth D. to set on 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:這個(gè)年輕演員為了另一個(gè)女演員打破了他與妻子的婚姻信仰,引發(fā)了博客里面很多反對(duì)他的評(píng)論。set off出發(fā),引發(fā),引爆,使開(kāi)始;set apart分開(kāi),分離;set forth啟程,出發(fā),詳盡地解釋?zhuān)故?;set on開(kāi)始,著手。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知A項(xiàng)正確?,F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示自然而然的結(jié)果,而不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。 【答案】A 6. ________ a new house is impossible for the young couple because they haven
53、’t saved enough money. A. Buy B. Buying C. Bought D. Having bought 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:買(mǎi)一套新房對(duì)這對(duì)年輕夫婦來(lái)說(shuō)是不可能的,因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有攢到足夠的錢(qián)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子缺少主語(yǔ),所以用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),故選B項(xiàng)。 【答案】B 7. Every book ________ from the library should be returned on time. A. borrow B. to borrow C. borrowing D.
54、borrowed 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:從圖書(shū)館借的每本書(shū)都要按時(shí)歸還。句中用分詞作定語(yǔ),every book和borrow之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過(guò)去分詞,故選D。 【答案】D 8. ________ from J. K. Rowling’s book series of the same title, the Harry Potter movies are universally acknowledged as classics. A. Adapting B. Having adapted C. Adapted D. To be adapte
55、d 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:改編自J.K.羅琳的同名小說(shuō),《哈利?波特》系列電影被普遍認(rèn)為是經(jīng)典影片。句中用分詞作狀語(yǔ),movies和adapt之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且動(dòng)作已完成,用過(guò)去分詞,故選C。 【答案】C 9. ________ to teaching, as we know, contributes to his popularity with his students. A. To devote B. Devoted C. Being devoted D. Devoting 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:正如我們知道的那樣,對(duì)教學(xué)的熱愛(ài)使得
56、他受到學(xué)生的愛(ài)戴。be devoted to獻(xiàn)身于,熱愛(ài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子缺少主語(yǔ),所以用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),故選C。 【答案】C 10. Please speak aloud to make yourself _________ (hear). 【解析】根據(jù)句意,這里是被動(dòng),由make sth done(使某物被做)可知,空格處應(yīng)該填hear的過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。本句意為:請(qǐng)大聲點(diǎn)講以便讓別人聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。 【答案】heard I. 單項(xiàng)選擇 1.(2019﹒江蘇卷﹒單項(xiàng)填空)__________ the convenience of digital payment, many seni
57、or citizens started to use smart phones. A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy 【答案】A 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意:為了享受數(shù)字支付的方便,很多老年市民開(kāi)始使用智能手機(jī)。故選A。 2.(2019﹒新課標(biāo)I卷﹒語(yǔ)法填空)Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __
58、_64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. 【答案】to perform 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后,常用不定式作原因或目的狀語(yǔ),句意:跟蹤北極熊的現(xiàn)代方法只是在二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來(lái)開(kāi)始采用,并且在如此大區(qū)域內(nèi)持續(xù)采用是昂貴的,故此處用to perform。 3.(2019﹒新課標(biāo)I卷﹒語(yǔ)法填空)Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…
59、 【答案】noting 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其前介詞by可知,此處用動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式,故填noting。 4.(2019﹒新課標(biāo)II卷﹒短文改錯(cuò))All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. 【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football. 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:操場(chǎng)上所有的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)
60、員大聲歡呼,說(shuō)我有足球天賦。句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為cheered,say在這里作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。與主語(yǔ)players是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故將say改為saying。 5.(2019﹒新課標(biāo)II卷﹒語(yǔ)法填空)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. 【答案】 being 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其前介詞for可知,此處用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ),故填being。 6.(2019﹒新課標(biāo)II
61、卷﹒語(yǔ)法填空)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 【答案】to retire 【解析】考查不定式作定語(yǔ)。此處用to do sth作后置定語(yǔ),用來(lái)修飾前面的名詞plan,表示“……的計(jì)劃”,故填to retire。 7.(2019﹒新課標(biāo)II卷﹒語(yǔ)法填空)When we got a call ___68___ (say) she was s
62、hort-listed,we thought it was ___a__ joke. 【答案】saying 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其后所接的賓語(yǔ)從句可知,此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying作后置定語(yǔ),解釋名詞call的內(nèi)容,call與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填saying。 8.(2019﹒新課標(biāo)III卷﹒語(yǔ)法填空)On our way to the house,it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. 【答案】to ret
63、ire 【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我們作者還沒(méi)有到達(dá)那座房子,wondering后的句子不缺謂語(yǔ),此處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,故填to get。 9.(2019﹒新課標(biāo)III卷﹒語(yǔ)法填空)On the last day of our week-long stay,we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting
64、locals. 【答案】listening 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“were invited”,所以70題空格處動(dòng)詞listen應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。聽(tīng)音樂(lè)這個(gè)動(dòng)作是由we發(fā)出的,所以選用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題,and后meeting interesting locals為分詞形式,故空格處填listening。 10.(2019﹒浙江卷﹒語(yǔ)法填空)When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,… 【答案】cycling 【解析
65、】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)孩子們?cè)诤诎档脑绯坎叫谢蝌T車(chē)上學(xué)時(shí),汽車(chē)司機(jī)很容易看到它們。or連接兩個(gè)并列成分,根據(jù)or前的walking可知,此處要用cycling。故填cycling。 11.(2019﹒浙江卷﹒語(yǔ)法填空)But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. 【答案】to wear 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:但是,有一些學(xué)生不想穿校服。want to do sth想要做某事,這里是動(dòng)詞不定式作to的賓語(yǔ)。故填to wear。 12.(2019﹒北京卷﹒語(yǔ)法填空)Nervously ___2___ (
66、face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. 【答案】facing 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:緊張地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn),我知道我將輕聲對(duì)自己說(shuō)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知,此處是作句子的狀語(yǔ),要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,其邏輯主語(yǔ)是I,與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填facing。 13. The man ________ the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested. A. having circulating B. to circulate C. circulating D. to have circulated 【答案】C 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:傳播18名火警在爆炸中喪生了的這條假消息的人被逮捕了。傳播假消息與the man 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ), 故選C。 【點(diǎn)睛】區(qū)分非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主
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