2022年高考英語二輪復習《時態(tài)和語態(tài)》學案

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1、2022年高考英語二輪復習《時態(tài)和語態(tài)》學案 主要考點 1、考查在語境中判斷動詞時態(tài)的運用能力。?？嫉臅r態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、現(xiàn)在進行、過去進行、現(xiàn)在完成、過去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進行、過去將來等。 2、時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中動詞的時態(tài)；主從句時態(tài)呼應問題。 3、持續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的用法區(qū)別。 4、及物動詞的被動語態(tài)。 6、某些以主動形式表被動意義的動詞的用法。 高考例題 【xx江西卷】26．--Look! Somebody the sofa. --Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. A．is

2、cleaning B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．had cleaned【答案】C　　 【考點】考察時態(tài) 【解析】句意為”看,有人已經(jīng)打掃了沙發(fā).是的,不是我,我沒有做.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響用現(xiàn)在完成時. 【xx湖南卷】33. -- I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? ??? -- Sorry, I ____ the piano for years. A. don't play B. wasn't playing

3、C. haven't played D. hadn't played【答案】C 【考查】本題考查動詞的時態(tài)。 【解析】根據(jù)remember, can可知語境為現(xiàn)在，for years得出為從過去到現(xiàn)在，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。動詞的時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài) 【xx湖南卷】27. The moment ____ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously. A. came B. has e C. was ing D. is ing 【答案】D【解析】本題考查時態(tài)。 【解析】根據(jù)soon可知為將來的事情，且是直接引語，應為現(xiàn)在，所以選D，進

4、行時態(tài)表將來。動詞的時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)表將來 【xx湖南卷】25. Close the door of fear behind you, and you ____ the door of faith open before you. A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing【答案】C 【考點】本題考察動詞的時態(tài)。 【解析】從前一分句為祈使句可知此語境為將來的情況，而且這是一常見句型：“祈使句+and+表將來的句子”。動詞的時態(tài) 一般將來時態(tài) 【xx湖南卷】22. Don't worrry. The hard work that

5、 you do now ____ later in life. A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid【答案】A 【考點】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 【解析】從don't可知語境為現(xiàn)在，排除B、D；而later in life可知為將來的動作，故選A。動詞的時態(tài) 一般將來時態(tài) 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以give為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為： 一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are + given 【例句】 The first secti

6、on of New College English is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics. 一些特殊的被動語態(tài) 1. 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語(指人的賓語）。 They didn’t offer Ann the job. Ann wasn’t offered the job. 2. 在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, not

7、ice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加 to。 They make her clean the floor. ------She is made to clean the floor by them. 3. It + be + 過去分詞 + that從句 (=主語+ be + 過去分詞 + to do sth.) 表示：據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/據(jù)悉/據(jù)信等…… 據(jù)說這個男孩已經(jīng)通過了這次全國性的測試。 It is said that the boy has passed the natio

8、nal exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 但：It _____ that there was a car over there. A. so happened B. so happens C. is so happened D. was so happened 答案：A. happen是不及物動詞，無被動語態(tài)。 4. be supposed to suppose vt. 推想; 假設(shè); 猜想 supposed adj. 假定的; 推測的; 意圖的 (1) 據(jù)說

9、 (=be said to) 如： Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed to be very good. 我們一起去看那電影好嗎? 人們都說它不錯。 (2) 計劃、安排 I’d better hurry. It’s nearly 8 o’clock. I’m supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15. (3) be not supposed to 不允許You are not supposed to park here. 這兒不允許停車。 不可以變成被動語態(tài)的情況 1. 某些感官動詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他

10、的動詞可以表示被動意義。 cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell, read, write 1）The dish tastes delicious. 2）The theory proved right at last. 3）The book is so interesting that it sells well. The book is so interesting that it sells well. “sells”此處為不及物動詞“銷售起來; 有銷路”的意思；作及物動詞為“賣; 出售” Thi

11、s kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗) 2. need + V- ing 表示“主語承受動詞 發(fā)出的動作”，表示被動意義。 我的車需要修理。 My car needs repairing. (= to be repaired). 不定式被動式講與練 不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時態(tài)共四種，即一般式、完成式、進行式和完成進行式。語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，如下表所示。 語態(tài) 時態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to hav

12、e been done 進行式 to be doing / 完成進行式 to have been doing / V-ing形式由 “do + ing” 構(gòu)成，其否定形式是 “not doing”，V-ing可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成V-ing 短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。 　語態(tài)時態(tài) 主動形式 被動形式 一般式 ?(not) doing ?(not) being done 完成式 ?(not) having done ?(not) having been done 注意：在avoid, admit, a

13、ppreciate, plete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on等后接V-ing形式作賓語。 一些動詞如need, want, require等作“需要”講時, 其后的動詞-ing形式的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義, 也可以用不定式的被動形式來替換。 The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard n

14、eeds to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干凈。 另外注意be worth及be worthy的用法： The problem is worth discussing.? The problem is worthy of being discussed. The problem is worthy to be discussed.?? 鞏固練習 1. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she there. (xx 全國) A.had been lying B.has been

15、 lying C.was lying D.has lain 2. Experiments of this kind in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. (xx 北京) A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 3. On her next birthday, Ann married for twen

16、ty years. (xx 天津) A.is B.has been C.will be D.will have been 4. A lot of people often forget that oral exams to test our municative ability. (xx上海) A. design B. are designed C. are designing D. are being designed 5. Last month, the Japanese government expressed th

17、eir thanks for the aid they from China. (xx福建) A.receive B.are receiving C.have received D.had received 6. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.(xx浙江) A. gave B. gives C. was giving

18、 D. had given 7. ——What a mistake! ——Yes. I his doing it another way, but without success. (xx 四川) A.was suggesting B.will suggest C.would suggest D.had suggested 8. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who the piano upstairs? (xx重慶) A. has played B. played C. plays

19、 D. is playing 9.Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He _____ to have been praised by the manager just now. (xx 重慶) A.seemed B.seems C.had seemed D.is seeming 10. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology by scentists. (xx湖南) A. are making B. are made C. will

20、make D. will be made 11. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college. (xx遼寧) A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated 1. 我們通常下午六點鐘會面。 ____________________________________________________________ 2. 你知道你在做什么嗎？

21、 ____________________________________________________________ 3. 他說他第二天回來。 ____________________________________________________________ 4. 昨天晚上， 她完成作業(yè)后就上床睡覺了。 ____________________________________________________________ 5. 明天我們幾點去那兒? ____________________________________________________________ 6. 當車來的時候，我在車站已等了20分 鐘。 ____________________________________________________________