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1、2020考前沖刺英語Ⅱ?qū)n}19 定語從句和名詞性從句
1.(2020年高考新課標(biāo)全國卷)The prize will go to the writer ______story shows the most imagination.
A.that B.which
C.whose D.what
解析:句意:獎品將發(fā)給故事最能展示其想象力的作者。whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句,且在從句定語從句。
答案:D
3.(2020年高考山東卷)I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer,
2、 which is________he never finishes anything.
A.that B.when
C.where D.why
4.(2020年高考天津卷)Modern science has given clear evidence ________smoking can lead to many diseases.
A.what B.which
C.that D.wher
3、e
解析:句意:現(xiàn)代科學(xué)對于吸煙能導(dǎo)致多種疾病已經(jīng)給出了明確的證據(jù)。這是一個主從復(fù)合句,evidence后的從句是 evidence 的同位語,對 evidence 起解釋說明的作用,且該從句語意完整,故用 that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句。而 what,which,where 均在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。
答案:C
5.(2020年高考江西卷)The villagers have already known ________ we'll do is to rebuild the bridge.
A.this B.that
C.what
4、 D.which
行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級和all,any,few,little,no,the only,the very,the last等詞修飾時,定語從句的關(guān)系代詞要用that;如果定語從句修飾兩個先行詞,其中一個指人,一個指物,那么定語從句的關(guān)系代詞也應(yīng)用that。
2.通常只用which的情況
當(dāng)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指物或指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容,或放在介詞后面指物時,只能用which。
[典例1] I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone els
5、e's fault.
A.who B.that
C.a(chǎn)s D.what
[解析] something作先行詞,引導(dǎo)詞必須用that,并且此處that在從句中作主語,不能省略。
[答案] B
[典例2] After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling,________turned out to be a wise decision.
A.that
6、 B.which
C.when D.where
which”或“of+which+the+名詞”;表示人時相當(dāng)于“the+名詞+of+whom”或“of+whom+the+名詞”。
[典例3] I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ________I met in the English speech contest last year.
A.who B.where
C
7、.when D.which
[解析] ________I met in the English speech contest last year是定語從句修飾several of the students,who在定語從句中作賓語。
[答案] A
3.where,when,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句
where,when,why的意義相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”。具體而言,where相當(dāng)于“in/at+which”,when相當(dāng)于“at/in/during+which”,why相當(dāng)于“for+which”。
(1)關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句時,只
8、能在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,定語從句修飾的先行詞必須是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。
(2)關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語從句時,只能在定語從句中作時間狀語,定語從句修飾的先行詞必須是表示時間的名詞。
(3)關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句時,只能在定語從句中作原因狀語,定語從句修飾的先行詞必須是表示原因的名詞。
[典例4] The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour.
A.where B.who
9、
C.which D.what
[解析] where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾限定先行詞the training centre。
[答案] A
[典例5] (2020年高考浙江卷)A bank is the place ________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A.when B.that
C.where D.there
語。the wa
10、y作先行詞,其后定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞作狀語可用in which,that,或者省略引導(dǎo)詞。
[答案] A
[名詞性從句]
根據(jù)在句中的功能名詞性從句可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。因?yàn)樗菑木洌虼司哂芯渥拥奶攸c(diǎn),有主、謂成分,同時又具有名詞性特點(diǎn),這些從句和名詞一樣,在句中可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語(包括介詞賓語和動詞賓語以及某些形容詞后的賓語)、表語和同位語。
一、主語從句
1.分清引導(dǎo)主語從句的三類引導(dǎo)詞:(1)that不充當(dāng)句子成分,本身無意義,僅起連接作用,但不能省略,通常用it作形式主語。(2)who,whom,what,which,whoever,whatever,
11、whichever本身有意義,在句中作主語或賓語,不能省略。(3)where,when,how,why本it作形式主語。
[典例1] ________some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A.Whether B.What
C.That D.How
[解析] 該句的主語部分為________some people regard as a drawback;在該主語從句中regard后面缺少賓語,所以要用what,此處what既引
12、導(dǎo)主語從句又在主語從句中充當(dāng)賓語。that在句詞性從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,本身無意義,僅起連接作用,故用在此處不正確。
[答案] B
二、賓語從句
賓語從句在復(fù)合句中可以作動詞的賓語,也可以作介詞、某些形容詞的賓語。
[典例2] (2020年高考上海卷)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ________others actually understand.
A.why B.that
C.which
13、 D.what
[解析] 句意:你想通過話語傳達(dá)的信息也許正與其他人實(shí)際理解的完全相反。介詞of后的賓語從句中understand缺少賓語,故用what,D為正確答案。
[答案] D
三、表語從句
1.that和whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句
that引導(dǎo)表語從句時,that本身沒有詞義,一般不可以省略(但在口語中有時也可以省略)。whether引導(dǎo)表語從句,表示“是否”,不能省略。
2.if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句,但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句:
All this was over twenty years ago,but it was as if it wa
14、s only yesterday.
3.主語是reason時,表語從句常用that,不用because,如:
The reason why he didn't come was that he was ill.
[典例3] Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was________it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A.what B.that
C.why
15、 D.whether
hope,information,belief,reply,doubt等。
高考秘笈
1.速判關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
做題的關(guān)鍵是把先行詞放到從句中,看它在從句中所作的成分。
(1)把先行詞放到從句中后,如果不需要再添詞從句就是完整的,那先行詞就在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語(表所屬關(guān)系),此時應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose)。
(2)把先行詞放到從句中后,如果需要添介詞才能使從句完整,那么先行詞在從句中作狀語,應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where作地點(diǎn)狀語,when作時間狀語,why作原因狀語)。
2.名詞性從句疑點(diǎn)、交叉點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)透視