高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第1部分 提升語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用 第11講 構(gòu)詞法

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第十一講 構(gòu)詞法 1．(2016高考全國(guó)甲卷語(yǔ)法填空)Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of (achieve)． 2．(2016高考全國(guó)丙卷語(yǔ)法填空)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the (develop) of chopsticks. 3．(2016高考全國(guó)乙卷短文改錯(cuò))Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady. 4．(2016高考全國(guó)丙卷短文改錯(cuò))At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. 5．(2016高考全國(guó)丙卷短文改錯(cuò))I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. 6．(2015高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house. 7．(2015高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空)As (nature)architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 8．(2015高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it (regular)arranges quick getaways here for people... 9．(2015高考廣東卷語(yǔ)法填空) (lucky)，he also had a cow which looked almost abandoned. 10．(2014高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空)The river was so polluted that it (actual)caught fire and burned. 11．(2014高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空)While there are (amaze)stories of instant transformation，... 12．(2014高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers (sudden)became friendly to one another. 13．(2014高考遼寧卷語(yǔ)法填空)I cant control my body well.My legs become (pain)． 14．(2013高考廣東卷語(yǔ)法填空)That would be a very (reason)thing to do in a big city. 15．(2013高考廣東卷語(yǔ)法填空)But such a small thing couldnt (possible)destroy a village. 答案：1.achievement　2.development　3.steady→steadily　4.freely→free　5.wear→wearing　6.slowly　7.natural　8.regularly　9.Luckily　10.actually　11.amazing　12．suddenly　13.painful　14.reasonable　15.possibly 1．?？记熬Y (1)表示否定或相反意義的前綴dis，mis，un，il，im， in，ir，non，anti：disagree，misunderstand，unwilling，illegal，impossible，nonstop等。 (2)形容詞變動(dòng)詞的前綴en：able→enable；large→enlarge，rich→enrich等。 (3)其他：inter相互，over超過，re重新，ex以前的，super超，vice副：interaction，overweight，reuse，exhusband，supernatural，vicechairman。 2．常考后綴 (1)形容詞＋ly變成副詞：real→really，angry→angrily，possible→possibly等。 (2)動(dòng)詞或名詞變成形容詞的后綴able，ful，ous，y，al，ible，ive，ary：nature→natural，use→useful，continue→continuous，health→healthy等。 (3)動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴al，ance，ence，tion，ssion，ment，ture，y：arrive→arrival，appear→appearance，exist→existence，invite→invitation等。 (4)形容詞變名詞的后綴cy，dom，ence，th，age，ty，ity：fluent→fluence，wise→wisdom，silent→silence，grow→growth，safe→safety等。 (5)表示人的后綴er，or，ist，ee，ess，ese，an，ian，ant：teacher，inventor，artist，employee，Chinese，American，musician，servant等。 (6)表示否定的后綴less：hopeless，endless，fearless，careless，treeless，meaningless等。 (7)形容詞變動(dòng)詞的后綴en，fy：broad→broaden，class→classify等。 (8)名詞變動(dòng)詞的后綴ize：apology→apologize等。 3．轉(zhuǎn)化法 (1)名詞→動(dòng)詞：back n．背→vt.支持，seat n．座→vt.容納。 (2)動(dòng)詞→名詞：walk→take a walk，survey→make a survey。 (3)形容詞→動(dòng)詞：slow adj.慢的→v.減慢。 4．合成法 (1)名詞＋名詞→名詞：classroom，teamwork，newspaper。 (2)形容詞＋名詞→名詞：blackboard，highway。 (3)副詞＋名詞→名詞：overcoat，underground，outbreak。 (4)副詞＋動(dòng)詞→動(dòng)詞：update，overlook。 (5)名詞＋動(dòng)詞→動(dòng)詞：sunbathe，proofread。 (6)名詞＋分詞→形容詞：manmade，handmade，peacekeeping。 (7)形容詞＋分詞→形容詞：goodlooking。 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Mary was very at the news，so she looked at her husband，her eyes full of .(sad) 2．He football very well and he was one of the best in yesterdays football match.(play) 3．Look！How Kate is laughing！She seems to be the girl in the world.(happy) 4．To our ，the headmaster was very with our report.(satisfy) 5．Edison was a great ．During his life he had many ．(invent) 6．I should my task and make it to finish it.(simple) 7．The boy having the of being half starved ，never to be seen again.(appear) 8．The police the pot and a plot against the President.(cover) 9．You are so to help me.Thank you for your ．(kindly) 10．Everything is becoming than before and many college students have to work to make some money for their college ．(expend) 11．Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world，but there have been only a few (play)who are (true)great. 12．Many people have the (acknowledge)that environmental protection is a must.However，few of them take any (act)on this movement. 13．When the residents expressed their (encourage)to the (courage)boy，he showed a (determine)look. 14． (rude)is never acceptable.Dont assume it is OK to be rude if the person youre in touch with wont (recognition)you. 15．On my (arrive)at my destination，I was greeted with (smile)faces and treated like a queen. 16．However，most (science)agree that EQ has a lot to do with (educate)． 17．Excellent oral and written (communicate)skills in Chinese and English are of (important)． 18．His shout frightened the boys. ＝The shout was and the boys felt ．(frighten) 19．His look suggested that he knew nothing about it.(surprise) 20．The story sounds and we are in the story.(interest) 答案：1.sad；sadly；sadness　2.played；players　3.happily；happiest　4.satisfaction；satisfied　5.inventor；inventions　6.simplify；simple　7.appearance；disappeared　8.discovered；uncovered　9.kind；kindness　10.more expensive；expenses　11.players；truly　12.acknowledgement；action　13.encouragements；courageous；determined　14.Rudeness；recognize　15.arrival；smiling　16.scientists；education　17.communication；importance　18.frightening；frightening；frightened　19.surprised　20.interesting；interested Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．A difficult person will be easier to cooperate if understand is achieved. 2．The actually reasons for this phenomenon are the subject of a very heated discussion. 3．Its surprised what people will do for money. 4．When facing danger，one should keep calmly. 5．Are you being completely honesty about your feelings? 6．I was thrilling to be invited. 7．Hopeful，well arrive before dark. 8．I felt extreme upset，and I couldnt believe my mother refused to help the animal. 9．Was she telling me the true or trying to cheat me? 10．In this increasingly competitive world，we are supposed to enrich ourselves constant to keep in pace with the modern society. 答案：1.understand→understanding　2.actually→actual　3.surprised→surprising　4.calmly→calm　5.honesty→honest　6.thrilling→thrilled　7.Hopeful→Hopefully 8．extreme→extremely　9.true→truth　10.constant→constantly Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 (2016江西南昌模擬)Lionel Messi，1. player from the South American country Argentina，is one of the greatest soccer players alive today.At a young age，he 2. (move) to Spain and now plays 3. (profession)for the FC Barcelona.Messi started playing soccer at the age of 5 for a small soccer team 4. (own)by his father.Even as a young boy，he did very well.But when he was 11 years old，he found out he had a sickness which would prevent him from growing much 5. (tall)．There was a way to help him grow more， 6. his parents did not have enough money to pay for his medical needs.So，they looked around for a soccer club 7. would be able to do this for them.The clubs in Argentina couldnt help him，but the famous FC Barcelona in Spain offered 8. (accept)Messi on the junior team and pay for the bills.The Messi family happily took the offer and moved to Spain.In the FC Barcelona，Messi was one of the best 9. (play)through his teen years.10. his incredible talent，Messi has surprised the world. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要講述了著名足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員Lionel Messi的成長(zhǎng)故事。 1．解析：a?？疾楣谠~。player是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在文章中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾。 2．解析：moved?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“At a young age”可知，此處表示過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)。 3．解析：professionally?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用professionally修飾動(dòng)詞plays。 4．解析：owned?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。own和a small soccer team構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。 5．解析：taller?？疾樾稳菰~比較級(jí)。much/far/any等副詞往往修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處用taller。 6．解析：but?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。 7．解析：that/which。考查定語(yǔ)從句。that或which引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞a soccer club。 8．解析：to accept?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是固定用法offer to do sth，不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，符合語(yǔ)境。 9．解析：players?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)提示the best和代詞one可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10．解析：With。考查介詞。此處用with表示“具備，有”，其后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，符合語(yǔ)境。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) Someone asks me what on the earth happiness means？I cant give you the exactly definition of it，but Im sure if you love and help others，youll get it. Ill never forget an old lady.She lives a small house alone.Its said that her husband and her son were died in a traffic accident.How bitter her life is！But the old lady often helped others with a smile.Wherever it snows，she is always the first to clean the paths.She looks after several children living nearby.I am one of those.I often remember the stories she told about us and her kind smile.Perhaps she is lucky，but I think she is a happy person.Her life full of laughter and love. 答案： Someone asks me what on earth happiness means？I cant give you the definition of it，but Im sure if you love and help others，youll get it. Ill never forget an old lady.She lives a small house alone.Its said that her husband and her son died in a traffic accident.How bitter her life is！But the old lady often others with a smile. it snows，she is always the first to clean the paths.She looks after several children living nearby.I am one of . I often remember the stories she told about\ us and her kind smile.Perhaps she is ，but I think she is a happy person.Her life∧,is) full of laughter and love. Ⅴ.閱讀提升 A．閱讀下列句子，寫出黑體單詞的詞義。 1．The flight was already fully booked. 2．She was freed from prison last week. 3．You dont need to shoulder the blame for this failure. 4．We will try our best to better our living conditions. 5．(2014高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ變式)Within a short time，however，the burden of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. 答案：1.預(yù)訂　2.釋放　3.承擔(dān)，肩負(fù)　4.改善　5.負(fù)擔(dān)；傳，移交 B．閱讀下列句子，寫出黑體單詞的意思并指出詞根。 　如：Unlike his son，the old dislike big cities. 不像； 不喜歡； like 1．(2015高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ改編)Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5，000 years. 2．(2014高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ改編)Passenger pigeons(旅鴿)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. 3．(2014高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ改編)Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. 4．(2014高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ改編)In my free time，I will continue to take regular exercise，such as swimming，running and various ball games. 5．Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 答案：1.出名的；fame；史前的；history 2．難以置信的；believe 3．成功的；success 4．各種各樣的；vary 5．絕望的；hope；感激的；thank C．大聲地反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，留意領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分。 思考：下面的單詞有什么特點(diǎn)？各種前綴如何用？各種前綴表示什么意思？單詞加了前綴后詞性有沒有變化？ John and his father never agree on one thing，so they often disapprove[1]of each other，for there was some misunderstanding[2]between them.Once，John and his parents went to his aunts home for dinner.When they left after dinner， John said“Byebye！”to his aunt in a low voice.However，his father didnt hear it and he thought John misbehaved[3] himself for it was impolite[4] to leave without saying goodbye.John insisted that he did say it，but his father didnt listen to him.From then on，John was unfriendly[5] to his father，which made his father extremely unhappy[6]．Undoubtedly[7]，it is unwise[8] of John to do so. After all，they are father and son.His father sent him to a class of manners to enrich[9] his knowledge of manners，which his father believed would enable[10] him to be a goodmannered boy.Johns father said he was angry at his sons dishonesty[11]，which would certainly endanger[12] his future.His fathers nonstop[13] nonsense caused John much discomfort[14]．John had to go to the class.Later on，he did everything against his fathers will. 約翰和父親總有分歧，所以他們經(jīng)常不贊同對(duì)方的想法，因?yàn)樗麄冎g有一些誤會(huì)。一次，約翰和父母去姑姑家吃飯。晚飯后當(dāng)他們離開時(shí)，約翰小聲對(duì)姑姑說“再見”！然而，他的父親沒聽到，他認(rèn)為約翰不懂規(guī)矩，不告而別是非常不禮貌的。約翰堅(jiān)持說他確實(shí)說了，但他父親不聽。從此，約翰對(duì)父親很不友善，這使他的父親非常不高興。毫無疑問，約翰這樣做是不明智的。 畢竟，他們是父子。他的父親把他送去上禮儀班以豐富他的禮儀知識(shí)，父親認(rèn)為這樣做會(huì)使他成為一個(gè)懂禮貌的男孩。約翰的父親說對(duì)于兒子的不誠(chéng)實(shí)他感到很生氣，他的不誠(chéng)實(shí)當(dāng)然會(huì)危及他的未來。父親不間斷的嘮叨讓約翰很不舒服。約翰不得不去上課。此后，他總是和父親對(duì)著干。 構(gòu)詞法