小學(xué)六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解與練習(xí)-

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1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 一般目前時(shí)態(tài)： 用法： 1.表達(dá)事物或人物的特性、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。 2.表達(dá)常常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。 3.表達(dá)客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 構(gòu)成： 1. be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其他。如： 　 I am a boy.我是一種男孩。 2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其他)。如： 　 We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,

2、 she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。 否認(rèn)句、一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句： 1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。 　否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其他。 　如：He is not a worker.她不是工人。 　一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+其他。 　如：-Are you a student? 　　　-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 　特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。 　否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ)+ don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+

3、其他)。如： 　I don't like bread. 　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否認(rèn)句。如： 　He doesn't often play. 　一般疑問(wèn)句：Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如： 　- Do you often play football? 　- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如： 　- Does she go to work by bike? 　- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 　特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)

4、句。如：How does your father go to work? 一般目前時(shí)練習(xí) 1. We often___________(play) in the playground. 2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock. 3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning？ 4. What (do) he usually (do) after school? 5. Danny

5、 (study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school. 6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she __________(watch) TV with his parents. 8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day? 9. How many lessons_________your classmat

6、e________(have) on Monday? 10. What time_________his mother_________(do) the housework? 改句子 1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)

7、 2. I have many books. （改為否認(rèn)句） 3. Gao Shan’s sister likes playing table ten

8、nis （改為否認(rèn)句） 4. She lives in a small town near New York. （改為一般疑問(wèn)句）

9、 5. I watch TV every day. （改為一般疑問(wèn)句）

10、 6. David has a goal. （改為一般疑問(wèn)句） 7. We have four lessons.（否認(rèn)句）

11、 8. Nancy doesn’t run fast （肯定句）

12、 9. My dog runs fast. （改為一般疑問(wèn)句） 否認(rèn)句：

13、 10. Mike has two letters for him. 一般疑問(wèn)句： 否認(rèn)

14、句： I usually play football on Friday afternoon. 一般疑問(wèn)句：

15、 否認(rèn)句： ②目邁進(jìn)行時(shí) 表達(dá)目前正在發(fā)生的事情。 構(gòu)造:be +doing(目前分詞) 目前分詞的構(gòu)成： 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志：now, l

16、ook, listen 動(dòng)詞的ing形式有如下措施： A. 在動(dòng)詞后直接加ing: go-going , wash-washing,fly—flying B. 以單個(gè)元音+單個(gè)輔音+e結(jié)尾 ， 去掉e加ing,如 ：drive—driving, ride--riding C. 某些單詞要雙寫詞尾的字母：swim- swimming run—running get--getting 練習(xí)： 1．Mr Zheng (read) a book now. 2.

17、The rabbits (jump) now. 3.. Look ! Tom and John (swim). 4. My brother (make) a kite in his room now. 5. Look! The bus (stop). 6. We (have) an English class now. 7. Listen! Someone is (c

18、ome). 8. They (catch) butterflies now. 9. He (do) an experiment now. 10. They (collect) stamps now. 11. Look! He (dive) now. 12. Tom ( watch ) TV in the dining room. 13. The doctors

19、 (get ) off the bus. 14. Come on. They ( leave ) now. 15. It (eat) fish now. 16. My father (work) in the office now. 17. Where is your mother? She (answer) the phone. 18. The teachers (run)

20、now ③一般將來(lái)時(shí) : 一、概念：表達(dá)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、籌劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有如下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本構(gòu)造：①be going to + do； ②will+ do. 三、否認(rèn)句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。 例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a

21、picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑問(wèn)句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。一般狀況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種狀況。 1.? ?? ?問(wèn)人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon. 2.? ?? ?問(wèn)干什么。Wh

22、at … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this? ? afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3.? ???問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going? ? to bed? 六、同義句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go

23、 swimming tomorrow. 練習(xí)：填空。 1.??我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2.??下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you d

24、o next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3.? ?? ???你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買某些水果。 _____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4.? ?? ???你們打算什么時(shí)候會(huì)面。 What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 改句子。 5.? ??

25、 ???Nancy is going to go camping.（改否認(rèn)） Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6.? ?? ???I’ll go and join them.（改否認(rèn)） I _______ go ______ join them. 7.? ?? ???I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問(wèn)句） ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8.? ?? ???We will meet at the bus stop a

26、t 10:30.（改一般疑問(wèn)句） _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9.? ?? ???She is going to listen to music after school.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)） ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10.? ?? ???My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ ________

27、_ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所給詞的合適形式填空。 11.? ?? ???Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12.? ?? ???My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13.? ?? ???Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He __

28、____________ (go) to school by bike. 14.? ?? ???What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects? 15.? ?? ???It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects. 16.? ?? ??

29、?What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows. 17.? ?? ???Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18.? ?? ???Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19.? ?? ?

30、??David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20.? ?? ???I ________________ (plan) for my study now ④一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) :表達(dá)過(guò)去一段時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 概念：表達(dá)過(guò)去常常發(fā)生、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、行為，以及過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age

31、of 5, etc. 基本構(gòu)造：①be動(dòng)詞；②行為動(dòng)詞 When he was young,he ran fast. I saw him in the park yesterday. There were 2 birds on the tree just now. She was short last year,but now she is tall. 否認(rèn)形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同步還原行為動(dòng)詞。 She was not short last year. They were not busy last week. He did no

32、t go to work yesterday. Tom did not watched TV last night. 一般疑問(wèn)句：①was或were放于句首；②用did 提問(wèn)，同步還原行為動(dòng)詞。 ☆動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式規(guī)則變化 直接加“ed”：work→worked 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的加“d”：live→lived以輔音 字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加“ed”：study→stuied 以一種元音字母加一種輔音字母結(jié)尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母加“ed”：stop→stopped ☆動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式不規(guī)則變化 do→did read→read sit→sat run→ran

33、 have→had has→had is→was are→were see→saw make→made go→went eat→ate 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的練習(xí) I.用所給的動(dòng)詞的合適形式填空。 ⒈He ___________(visit) the Great Wall last year. 2.We____________(have) a good time yesterday. 3.We often __________(go) to school by bus last year. 4.I __________(live)in the villa

34、ge when I was a child. 5.Mike__________(see) a big tiger in the nature park last year. 6.Sam___________ (do) the housework yesterday. 7.________(do) you _________(enjoy) yourself yesterday? 8.________(do)you __________(play) the violin in the artroom yesterday? 9.. I __________ (eat) a big pizz

35、a yesterday. 10.There_________ (be) many sheep on the farm last year. 11. I _________ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 12. Her father __________ (read) a newspaper last night. 13. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we ___________ to the park. (go) 14. _________ you __________ (visit) your relatives l

36、ast Spring Festival? 15. _________ he __________ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he __________. II.選擇填空 ( ) 1. She watered the flowers ________. A tomorrow B sometimes C yesterday morning ( ) 2.What ____ Mike do last weekend ? A do B does C did ( )

37、3. I ___ my room last Sunday. A cleaned B clean C am cleaning ( ) 5. _____ you _____ TV last night . A Do, watch B Did, watch C Did, watched ( ) 6.---Did your father write an e-mail yesterday ？ A Yes, he did. B Yes, he does C No, he

38、 don’t ( ) 7.They _____ on a trip in February ,. A are going B going C went ( ) 9. ____ he ____ football two days ago? A Does , play B Did , played C Did , play 三．改錯(cuò)題(請(qǐng)改正每個(gè)句子中的一種錯(cuò)誤) 　　1．How is Jane yesterday? _____________________________________

39、 　　2．He go to school by bus last week. ________________________________ 　　3．He goes home at 6:00 last month. ________________________________ 　　5．Did you saw him just now ?______________________________ 　　8．He wait for you three hours ago. _________________________________ 　　四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 　　1. The

40、children had a good time in the park. 　　否認(rèn)句：_____________________________________ 　　一般疑問(wèn)句：_____________________________________ 　　　2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert. 　　否認(rèn)句：_____________________________________ 　　一般疑問(wèn)句：_____________________________________ 　　　4. I read an E

41、nglish book last week 　　否認(rèn)句：_____________________________________ 　　一般疑問(wèn)句：_____________________________________ 　　肯定/否認(rèn)回答：____________________________________ 　　　5. My brother was in the park just now. 　　否認(rèn)句：_____________________________________ 　　一般疑問(wèn)句：_____________________________________

42、.簡(jiǎn)樸句 陳述句 I’m a good teacher. I’ve got a new sweater. She’s got a brother. 疑問(wèn)句 ( 1.)一般疑問(wèn)句Do you often watch TV? Have you got a new book? （2.）特殊疑問(wèn)句 who how many how much whose when When did you come back? What’s your name? 祈使句 (1.) Please sit down. (2.) Let’s go to school. 感慨句 (1.) W

43、hat a fine day! (2. ) How fast he runs! 并列句 and ,but ,so (1.). Hello, I’m Lingling and I’m from China. （2). I like apples but Daming likes bananas. there be 構(gòu)造 構(gòu)造：(1) There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 (2) There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 例：There is a cup on the desk. There is some coffee in the cup.

44、 There are some cups on the desk. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換: (1) 改成否認(rèn)句： There be句型的否認(rèn)式，在be后加上not。some 改成 any 例：There are some pictures on the wall. → There aren't any pictures on the wall. There are no pictures on the wall. (2) 改成一般疑問(wèn)句： There be句型的一般疑問(wèn)句變化，把be動(dòng)詞放到句首， 其他照抄，some改為any 肯定回答：Yes，there is.

45、或 Yes, there are. 否認(rèn)回答：No, there isn’t. 或 No，there aren’t. 例：There is a bike behind the tree. → Is there a bike behind the tree? 肯定回答：Yes, there is. 否認(rèn)回答：No, there isn’t. There are some birds on the tree. → Are there any birds on the tree? 肯定回答：Yes, there are. 否認(rèn)回答：No, there aren’t. 考

46、點(diǎn)：“就近原則” 例：There is a cup on the desk. There is a cup and two eggs on the desk. There are two eggs and a cup on the desk. 【練習(xí)】 一、根據(jù)句意填空 1. 桌子上有一本書和兩支鋼筆。There _____ a book and two pens on the desk. 2. 錢包里有些錢。There ____ some money in the purse. 3. 在吉姆的書包里有某些卡片。______ _____ some cards in

47、Jim’s bag. 4. 我們學(xué)校有許多班。There _____ many _____ in our school. 5. 水里有某些魚(yú)。There ______ ______ in the water. 二、選擇填空 1．There ________ no tea in the cup． A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．has D．be 2．There is some ________ on the plate． A．a(chǎn)pple B．bread C．banana D．fish 4．There

48、________ some paper and a pen on the desk． A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．have D．has 5．There ________ not any water in the glass． A．has B．is C．a(chǎn)re 6. There isn't ________ paper in the box． A．a(chǎn)ny B．some C．a(chǎn) D．a(chǎn)n 7．There ________ some water in the bottle．

49、 A．a(chǎn)re B．is C．has D．have 8．How many ________ are there in your classroom？ A．desks B．desk C．chair D．door 9. There ___ any rice in the bowl. A. are B. is C. isn’t D. aren’t 10. There___ not ____ milk in the cup on

50、 the table. A. are, many B. are , much C. is ,many D. is ,much 11.There ____ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk. A. is a B. are some C. has a D. have some 12. Are there ________ pictures on the wall ? No , there aren’t ________ . A .any \ a

51、ny B some \ any C. some \ some D. any\ some 三、將下列句子變成否認(rèn)句和一般疑問(wèn)句 1.There is some water in the bottle. 否認(rèn)句：___________________________________________ 一般疑問(wèn)句：___________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________ 否認(rèn)回答：_________________________ 2.There are some apples i

52、n the box. 否認(rèn)句：___________________________________________ 一般疑問(wèn)句：___________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________ 否認(rèn)回答：_________________________ 四．用?"have, has "or?"there?is?,?there?are"??填空 1.?______________a?library?in?the?school??? 2.?What?does?Mike___________??? 3.?______________any?books?in?the?bag??? 4. _______________a?story-book?on?the?table.?? 5.?_______________any?flowers?in?the?vase??? 6.?How?many?students____________in?the?classroom??? 7.?_____________some?coffee?in?the?cup.??