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1、
【名詞的分類】
類別
專有
名詞
中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)
第一講?名詞
意義????????????????????????????????例詞
表示人、地方、事物、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等名稱的詞?Lucy,China,The?Great?Wall
可 個(gè)體名詞
表示個(gè)體的人或事物的詞
pencil,chair,dog
普通
數(shù)
集體名詞
表示一群人或一類事物
family,police,class,group,team
名詞
不??物質(zhì)名詞
2、
表示構(gòu)成各種物體的物質(zhì)或材料的詞
rice,water,air,wood
可
數(shù)
抽象名詞
表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等抽象概念的詞?knowledge,danger,health
考點(diǎn)一:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞
一、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
1)規(guī)則變化:
①一般在詞尾加-s
②以?s,?x,?sh,?ch?結(jié)尾的加-es
③以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,?把?y?變?yōu)?i,再加-es
book--books???toy--toys???day--days???boy--boys
class-
3、-classes??bus--buses??box--boxes??fox--foxes
dish--dishes???watch--watches
baby--babies?????city--cities
factory--factories dictionary--dictionaries
④以?f?或?fe?結(jié)尾的詞,?一般把?f?或?fe?改為?v,?再加-es leaf--leaves half--halves thief--thieves
knife--knives wife--wives life--lives
⑤以?o?結(jié)尾
4、
2)不規(guī)則變化:
有生命的,加?es
無(wú)生命的,加?s
potato--potatoes??tomato--tomatoes?hero--heroes
radio--radios????zoo--zoos???????photo--photos
①男女少,鼠腳牙(數(shù)腳丫)
②中日魚(yú)鹿羊,單復(fù)是同形
man--men?????woman--women????child--children
mouse--mice???foot--feet??????????tooth--teeth
Chinese,Japanese,fish,deer,s
5、heep
③中日不變英法變,?其他后面加?s Chinese--Chinese Japanese--Japanese
Englishman--Englishmen Frenchman--Frenchmen German--Germans
二、不可數(shù)名詞
下列名詞常做不可數(shù)名詞用,很少見(jiàn)到它們被用作可數(shù)名詞:
肉類
液體
顆粒、細(xì)微物
其余
beef?chicken?mutton?pork??fish?meat
water?milk??coffee??tea??honey??yogurt??orange??juice
r
6、ice?salt??sand??hair
bread??advice??weather??work???news??paper??information??knowledge
money?time????music???health??fruit???fun
三、既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)的名詞
C
chicken U
C
雞
雞肉
種類
food
C
U
C
種類
泛指
種類
room
C
U
C
房間
空間
作品
fish
7、
U
魚(yú)肉、條數(shù)
fruit
U
泛指
work
U
工作
三、重難點(diǎn)
1.復(fù)合名詞:
1)前面的名詞是?man,?woman,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),復(fù)合名詞的兩個(gè)名詞全都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果是其他詞,變
復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),只需把后面的名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。
man?teacher--men?teachers woman?doctor--women?doctors
boy?student--boy?students apple?tree--apple?trees
2)有些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式或者習(xí)慣上常用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,常用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。
clothes?sho
8、p sports?car
2.集體名詞:
1)既有復(fù)數(shù)形式又有單數(shù)形式的集體名詞(family,police,class,group,team)
A.視為這個(gè)群體的所有人時(shí),看作復(fù)數(shù)。?eg:?My?family?are?watching?TV.
B.指代這個(gè)整體,看作單數(shù)。?eg:?My?family?is?big.
C.表示一個(gè)整體時(shí),也有復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示多個(gè)這樣的群體。?eg:?There?are?500?families?in?the?village.
2)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的集體名詞
clothes pants jeans shorts trousers gla
9、sses(眼鏡)
注意:這類名詞不能用具體的數(shù)字進(jìn)行修飾,也不能加?a/an,但可以用?a?pair?of/two?pairs?of/many?等修飾。
the?glasses(復(fù)數(shù)) a?pair?of?glasses(單數(shù)) two?pairs?of?glasses(復(fù)數(shù))
考點(diǎn)二?名詞所有格
一、’s所有格
1.構(gòu)成
一般情況直接加’s
以?s?結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在其后加’
不以?s?結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在其后加’s
Kate’s?room??????Father’s?Day
Teachers’?Day????parents’?room
10、
Children’s?Day???Women’s?Day
2.用法
1)表示人或者其他有生命的事物的名詞,如?Lucy’s?office。
’
2)表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格,如?today’s?news,ten?minutes’ride,100?dollars’worth。
3)人性化的名詞,如?China’s?development,the?city’s?park。
4)構(gòu)成不同的節(jié)日,如?New?Year’s?Day,?April?Fool?s?Day。
5)表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、住宅等,如?at?the?doctor’s,?at?the?Green’s。
11、
6)由?and?連接的兩個(gè)名詞共同擁有時(shí),只將最后一個(gè)名詞變?yōu)樗懈瘢绻歉髯运?,則每個(gè)名詞都變
為所有格,如?Jim?and?Kate’s?room,?Jim’s?and?Kate’s?rooms。
7)不定代詞后接?else,所有格放在?else?后,如?somebody?else’s。
8)有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù),可以單獨(dú)使用’s?所有格,如?This?book?isn’t?mine,?but?Jenny’s.。
9)區(qū)別?family/house/home,?job/work,?problem/question,?voice/noise/sound
二?
12、、of?所有格
1)一般說(shuō)來(lái),無(wú)生命的名詞用?of?結(jié)構(gòu),如?the?gate?of?the?school。
2)有時(shí)也表示人和其他有生命的名詞的所有格,如?the?advice?of?my?parents。
3)地名、交通工具名以及與人的活動(dòng)有關(guān)的無(wú)生命的名詞可用of,也可用’s,如?the?future?of?China/China’s
future,?the?girl’s?name/the?name?of?the?girl。
三、雙重所有格
當(dāng)冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞等于所有格名詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),常用這種結(jié)構(gòu),如?a?friend?of?my
father
13、’s。
注意比較:a?friend?of?my?father’s?強(qiáng)調(diào)我父親不止一位朋友 a?friend?of?my?father?強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)我父親友好
a?picture?of?Mr?Wang’s?王先生擁有的許多照片中的一張?a?picture?of?Mr?Wang?王先生本人肖像
四、重難點(diǎn)
他是一個(gè)五歲的男孩。?He?is?a?five-year-old?boy./?He?is?five?years?old.
八個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠 an?eight-hour?sleep/?eight?hours’?sleep
習(xí)題
( )1.—What?______?bo
14、wl?of?noodles?would?you?like,?small,?medium?or?large?
—A?large?bowl?of?beef?noodles,?please.
A.?color B.?price C.?size D.?kind
( )2.—Is?the?schoolbag?under?the?desk?of?yours?—No,?it’s?my?_____.?He?left?it?there?just?now.
A.?brother B.?brother’s C.?brothers’
( )3.—What?a?good?_____?_?you’ve?give
15、n?me!?Thanks?a?lot.?—My?pleasure.
A.?information B.?news C.?suggestion D.?advice
( )4.—It’s?convenient?to?travel?from?Ezhou?to?Wuhan?by?taking?the?newly-built?green?railway.
—Yes.?It’s?said?that?_______?is?enough.
A.?fifteen?minutes?drive B.?fifteen-minutes?drive
C.?fifteen?minute’s?drive D.?fi
16、fteen?minutes’?drive
( )5.___?the?teachers?in?their?school?is?about?200?and?one?fourth?of?them?are?___?teachers.
A.?A?number?of;?women B.?A?number?of;?woman
C.?The?number?of;?women D.?The?number?of;?woman
( )6.—How?far?is?it?from?Tianjin?to?Changsha?—It?is?a?_______?flight?.
A.?2-hour-long B.?2
17、-hours-long C.?2?hours’?long D.?2?hour?long
( )7.—When?is Day?—It’s?on?June?1st,?Dave.
A.?Child B.?Children C.?Child’s D.?Children’s
( )8.The?park?is?far?away?from?here?indeed?it’s?about?_______?walk
A.?Three?hour B.?a?three?hour’s C.?a?three-hours D.?a?three-hour
( )9.Yesterday?for?dinner?I?ha
18、d?a?piece?of?beef,?vegetables?and?______.
A.?some?rice B.?a?few?rice C.?a?little?rices D.?a?rice
( )10.Mr.?Black?is?a?teacher?of?______.?She?and?her?classmates?like?him?very?much.
A.?my?sister B.?my?sister’s C.?my?sisters D.?my?sisters’
( )11.—Excuse?me,?is?the?museum?far?from?here?—No,?it’s?abo
19、ut?_______.
A.?5?minutes?walk B.?5?minute?walk C.?5?minutes’?walk D.?5?minute’s?walk
( )12.--How’s?Joy’s?skirt? --Her?skirt?is?more?beautiful?than .
A.her?sister’s?and?Kate B.her?sister?and?Kate
C.her?sister?and?Kate’s D.?her?sister’s?and?Kate’s
( )13.How?many do?we?need?to?make?fruit?salad
20、? --Two?should?be?enough.
A.cabbage B.potatoes C.bananas D.lemon
( )14.--What?do?you?usually?have?for?breakfast??-- .
A.?Two?pieces?of?breads B.Two?pieces?of?bread
C.Two?pieces?bread D.Two?piece?of?bread
( )15.--What?can?you?see?in?the?picture? --I?can?see?nine .
A.sheep B.dog C.pig D.deers
(
21、 )16.?It?is?said?that?two and?three are?going?to?visit?our?school?next?week.
A.German;Japanese B.Germany;Japan
C.Germanys;Japans D.Germans;Japanese
( )17.--Help?yourself?to . --Thanks,Mr.?Brown.
A.some?chickens B.a?chicken C.some?chicken D.any?chicken
( )18.John?is?an boy.
A.8?years?old B.8-year-old C.8-years-old D.?8?year?old
( )19.--What?a?hot?day!?I?am?a?bit?thirsty.?--Would?you?like?some ?
A.noodles B.meat C.water. D.bread
( )20.?She?was?excited?to?receive?a?dozen?roses?from?her?husband?on Day.
A.Woman B.Women C.Woman’s D.Women’s