Unit 3《Tomorrow's World》Grammar and Usage課件1（21張PPT）（譯林版必修4）

Grammar主謂一致,Unit 3Tomorrow's World,遵循三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致，意義一致和就近原則 1. 語(yǔ)法一致指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱上一致 His secretary often answers the phone for him. 2. 意義一致，是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表示的 內(nèi)在涵義 Maths is one of the basic courses in middle school. 3. 就近一致，是指由連詞or, neithernor, eitheror, whether.or, notbut, not only.but also,或 在there be 句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與靠近它的 主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,There is a book, two notebooks on the desk. Either he or his sisters are going to Qingdao today.,集體名詞：people, police, cattle等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 一般用復(fù)數(shù) Cattle were seen grazing in the fields. The police are searching the wood for a robber.,2. 有些集體名詞表示物體的總稱：clothing, jewellery, furniture, machinery等在句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，但不能和不定冠詞連用 Our clothing protects us from cold. Jewellery is what she likes most.,3. 有些集體名詞，如：family, group, class, army, public, government, team等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)語(yǔ)章內(nèi)容而定，如果它們作為一個(gè)集體單位時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如就其中的各成員來(lái)說(shuō)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) His family lives in Beijing. His family were watching TV when I went in . The football team are having bath now. A team that is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.,4. 一些由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示服飾，工具的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如:glasses, trousers, shoes, chopsticks, scissors, compasses, stocks, pants, shorts等，當(dāng)這些詞前有a pair of 等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù),The trousers are in the box. There is a pair of trousers in the box. There are two pairs of trousers in the box.,5. 數(shù)詞或表示度量，時(shí)間，價(jià)值等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可以看成一個(gè)整體，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 One thousand dollars seems a large sum of money. Five hours is enough for me to do the work. Fifteen divided by five is three.,6. the + 形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 The old are taken good care of in our country. The rich are for the act while the poor are against it.,7. 形容詞表示抽象概念作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 The beautiful lives forever. The well(好事) that men do lives after them.,8. each ,every, either, neither作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 Neither of the answers is correct. Every cinema he came to was crowded.,9. 不定代詞none以及由“none/either/neither + of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞代詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可，這取決于說(shuō)話人的意思 Of his three sons none likes sports. None of my friends ever come/comes to see me here.,10. most,half 等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)意義原則確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式 1.Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 2.Half of the students come from the south.,11. all單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)表示“人”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示“整個(gè)事件或事情”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 1. All are happy to hear the news. 2. All is calm, all is bright.,12. some, any, no, every與body, one和thing構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式 1. Everything goes well with me. 2. Nobody likes him.,13. 由and 或bothand連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù) 1. Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop. 2. The red rose and the white rose are beautiful.,14. 并列主語(yǔ)如果表示同一個(gè)，同一個(gè)事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 The secretary and principal of the school was present at the meeting. 2. The writer and poet is my close friend.,15. 如果一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，其中一個(gè)是肯定的，另一個(gè)是否定的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與肯定的主語(yǔ)相一致 1. I ,not you, am fit for the job. 2. He, not I ,has received the prize.,16. 如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except, besides, including, no less than, rather than, as much as, more than, along with, in addition to等介詞短語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式，如果主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù) 1. Sunshine, as well as water, is important for plants. 2. Mr Wang, together with his wife and children, is arriving tomorrow.,17. more than one 和 many a 單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 1. More than one pilot was killed in the air raid. 2. Many a man has that kind of opportunity.,18. number 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果是a number of 結(jié)構(gòu)，它主 要修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)如果是 the number of 結(jié)構(gòu),則指數(shù)量的總和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) There are a number of people at the station. The number of students in this university is 30,000.,19. one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果是 the only/very one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 1. He is the only one of the boys who is going to visit Japan next month. 2. He is one of those persons who always think they are right.,20. 主語(yǔ)從句常作單數(shù)看待，即主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式 1. Whether he will come here is not known. 2. What you need is nore practice. 由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)根據(jù)意義決定，如果主句的表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，主句的謂語(yǔ)當(dāng)然是單數(shù)，反之用復(fù)數(shù)如： 1. What my father left me are a few English books. 2. What I want is a new bike.,be set in 以為背景 pass on 傳遞 a sense of happiness 幸福感 enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事 thousands of 成千上萬(wàn)的 in reality 實(shí)際上 be connected to 與相連接 set up 建立,豎立 put forward 提出（觀點(diǎn)、議案等） bring history alive 使歷史再現(xiàn) last but not least 最后但同樣重要的 be accused of 被控告犯有罪 close down 關(guān)閉，使倒閉 make a profit 賺取利潤(rùn) leave sb with 給某人留下 go on a virtual trip to 虛擬旅行 belong to 屬于 be responsible for 對(duì)負(fù)責(zé),move round 四處移動(dòng) invest in 投資于 sign ones name for 給簽名 take the risk of 冒危險(xiǎn) tell of 講述 end in failure 以失敗告終 draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 on display 展覽 tellfrom 把和區(qū)分 concentrate on 專注于 go bankrupt 破產(chǎn) in my opinion 在我看來(lái) voice ones opinions 表達(dá)某人的看法 fall off 從上掉下來(lái); 脫落 come across 遭遇,偶遇 science fiction 科幻小說(shuō) keep/get in touch with 和保持(取得)聯(lián)系 be trapped in 被困在 at a speed of 以的速度 with the help of 由于的幫助 deliver into 送進(jìn) give out 發(fā)出(氣味、熱等); 用完, 耗光; 筋疲力盡,除湯姆去了以外，我們都去了。 We all went there besides Tom. 他不會(huì)介意你遲到的，何況幾乎不是你的錯(cuò)。 He wont mind your being late besides, its hardly your fault. The playground is often crowded with many people _ it rains. except that B. except when C. except D. besides Im worn out, _ , the bike doesnt work well, so I cant go farther. A. apart from B. except for C. beside D. besides,B,D,他的表演給我留下了深刻的印象。 I _ his performances. 他把圖案壓印在布上。 He impressed the design on the cloth. 我父親讓我銘記艱苦勞動(dòng)的價(jià)值。 My father impressed on me the value of hard work. Although he has lived with us for years, he didnt leave us with much _. view B. impression C. looks D. appearance I was impressed _ the efficiency of the work done in the company. A. in B. for C. about D. with,was very impressed by,B,D,機(jī)長(zhǎng)向乘客宣布飛機(jī)就要著陸了。 The captain announced to the passengers that the plane was going to land. 經(jīng)過(guò)幾周的討論之后，今天公布了和平協(xié)議。 Todays announcement of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion. I must _ that its more difficult than I thought it would be. admit B. declare C. announce D. report When everyone arrived, the host _ the beginning of the feast. A. declare B. announce C. claimed D. shouted,A,B,他是唯一的候選人，因此他當(dāng)選了。 He is the only candidate; therefore, he was elected. 他違反了校規(guī)，因此受到了批評(píng)。 He broke the rules of our school; therefore, he was criticized. Progress so far has been very good. _, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides,A,用force, power, energy, strength填空。 This greatest leader in India didnt approve of _ to liberate his country. 2. More and more people are using solar _ in their daily life. 3. I do think that playing computer games is a waste of time and _. 4. We students need more excise every day to build up our health and _.,force,power / energy,energy,strength,Neither side was willing to give in at all and so no agreement _. A. reached B. had reached C. was reached D. will be reached A board _ by the side of the wall on which these words _, “Danger, keep off”. A. was set up ; were written B. set up ; wrote C. put ; wrote D. was set up ; is written 3. Did you enjoy last nights concert? Yes, though the last piece _ rather poorly. played B. was played C. was playing D. had played 4. The soil _ away in this way. A. doesnt wash B. didnt be washed C. isnt washed D. wont wash,C,A,B,C,In Australia, he made a lot of friends _ English well to make himself _. A. learn ; understand B. to learn ; understood C. learning ; understand D. learned ; understood 6. Why must the cows _ the trees? be away to B. be kept away C. be kept away from D. keep away to Im going to make an early start _ I wont get stuck in the traffic. A. in case B. because C. so that D. until 8. _ over the undecided voters, they are working twice as hard. A. Having won B. Won C. Winning D. To win 9. The building which _ last year _ really beautiful. A. was built; looks B. was building ; looks C. was built; is looked D. was building; is looking,B,C,C,D,A,1. be set in 2. a sense of happiness 3. pass on 4. enable sb to do sth 5. last but not least 6. thousands of 7. be connected to 8. in reality 9. put forward 10. bring history alive 11.give out 12. be accused of 13. leave sb with 14.set up 15. close down 16. belong to 17. make a profit 18. go on a virtual trip to 19. be responsible for 20. move round 21. invest in 22. on display 23. sign ones name for 24. take the risk of 25. end in failure 26. keep/get in touch with 27. draw a conclusion 28. voice ones opinions 29. tellfrom 30. concentrate on 31. fall off 32. go bankrupt 33.in my opinion 34. come across 35. science fiction 36. tell of 37. at a speed of 38. be trapped in 39. with the help of 40. deliver into,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,