Unit 3《Tomorrow's World》Grammar and Usage課件1（21張PPT）（譯林版必修4）

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Grammar主謂一致,Unit 3《Tomorrow's World》,遵循三個原則：語法一致，意義一致和就近原則． 1. 語法一致指主語和謂語在人稱上一致． His secretary often answers the phone for him. 2. 意義一致，是指謂語動詞的單復取決于主語所表示的 內(nèi)在涵義． Maths is one of the basic courses in middle school. 3. 就近一致，是指由連詞or, neither…nor, either…or…, whether….or…, not…but, not only….but also…,或 在there be 句型中，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式與靠近它的 主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致．,There is a book, two notebooks on the desk. Either he or his sisters are going to Qingdao today.,集體名詞：people, police, cattle等作主語，謂語動詞 一般用復數(shù)． Cattle were seen grazing in the fields. The police are searching the wood for a robber.,2. 有些集體名詞表示物體的總稱：clothing, jewellery, furniture, machinery等．在句中做主語時，動詞用單數(shù)形式，但不能和不定冠詞連用． Our clothing protects us from cold. Jewellery is what she likes most.,3. 有些集體名詞，如：family, group, class, army, public, government, team等，作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)語章內(nèi)容而定，如果它們作為一個集體單位時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如就其中的各成員來說，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)． His family lives in Beijing. His family were watching TV when I went in . The football team are having bath now. A team that is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.,4. 一些由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示服飾，工具的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式，如:glasses, trousers, shoes, chopsticks, scissors, compasses, stocks, pants, shorts等，當這些詞前有a pair of 等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)．,The trousers are in the box. There is a pair of trousers in the box. There are two pairs of trousers in the box.,5. 數(shù)詞或表示度量，時間，價值等復數(shù)名詞作主語時可以看成一個整體，動詞用單數(shù)形式． One thousand dollars seems a large sum of money. Five hours is enough for me to do the work. Fifteen divided by five is three.,6. the + 形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式． The old are taken good care of in our country. The rich are for the act while the poor are against it.,7. 形容詞表示抽象概念作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式． The beautiful lives forever. The well(好事) that men do lives after them.,8. each ,every, either, neither作主語或修飾主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式． Neither of the answers is correct. Every cinema he came to was crowded.,9. 不定代詞none以及由“none/either/neither + of +復數(shù)名詞／代詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單復數(shù)均可，這取決于說話人的意思． Of his three sons none likes sports. None of my friends ever come/comes to see me here.,10. most,half 等不定代詞作主語時，根據(jù)意義原則確定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式． 1.Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 2.Half of the students come from the south.,11. all單獨作主語表示“人”時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；表示“整個事件或事情”時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)． 1. All are happy to hear the news. 2. All is calm, all is bright.,12. some, any, no, every與body, one和thing構(gòu)成復數(shù)合代詞作主語時，動詞常用單數(shù)形式． 1. Everything goes well with me. 2. Nobody likes him.,13. 由and 或both…and…連接并列主語時，用復數(shù)． 1. Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop. 2. The red rose and the white rose are beautiful.,14. 并列主語如果表示同一個，同一個事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式． The secretary and principal of the school was present at the meeting. 2. The writer and poet is my close friend.,15. 如果一個句子有兩個主語，其中一個是肯定的，另一個是否定的，謂語動詞應與肯定的主語相一致． 1. I ,not you, am fit for the job. 2. He, not I ,has received the prize.,16. 如果主語是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except, besides, including, no less than, rather than, as much as, more than, along with, in addition to等介詞短語，其謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式，如果主語是復數(shù)，則謂語動詞也用復數(shù)． 1. Sunshine, as well as water, is important for plants. 2. Mr Wang, together with his wife and children, is arriving tomorrow.,17. more than one 和 many a ＋單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式． 1. More than one pilot was killed in the air raid. 2. Many a man has that kind of opportunity.,18. number 作主語時，如果是a number of 結(jié)構(gòu)，它主 要修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，所以謂語動詞應該用復數(shù)．如果是 the number of 結(jié)構(gòu),則指數(shù)量的總和謂語動詞用單數(shù)． There are a number of people at the station. The number of students in this university is 30,000.,19. one of +復數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，但如果是 the only/very one of +復數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)． 1. He is the only one of the boys who is going to visit Japan next month. 2. He is one of those persons who always think they are right.,20. 主語從句常作單數(shù)看待，即主句中的謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式． 1. Whether he will come here is not known. 2. What you need is nore practice. 由what引導的主語從句，主句謂語動詞的數(shù)根據(jù)意義決定，如果主句的表語是單數(shù)，主句的謂語當然是單數(shù)，反之用復數(shù)．如： 1. What my father left me are a few English books. 2. What I want is a new bike.,be set in 以…為背景 pass on 傳遞 a sense of happiness 幸福感 enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事 thousands of 成千上萬的 in reality 實際上 be connected to 與…相連接 set up 建立,豎立 put forward 提出（觀點、議案等） bring history alive 使歷史再現(xiàn) last but not least 最后但同樣重要的 be accused of 被控告犯有…罪 close down 關(guān)閉，使倒閉 make a profit 賺取利潤 leave sb with… 給某人留下… go on a virtual trip to 虛擬旅行 belong to 屬于 be responsible for 對…負責,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,move round 四處移動 invest in 投資于 sign one’s name for 給…簽名 take the risk of 冒…危險 tell of 講述 end in failure 以失敗告終 draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 on display 展覽 tell…from… 把…和…區(qū)分 concentrate on 專注于 go bankrupt 破產(chǎn) in my opinion 在我看來 voice one’s opinions 表達某人的看法 fall off 從…上掉下來; 脫落 come across 遭遇,偶遇 science fiction 科幻小說 keep/get in touch with 和…保持(取得)聯(lián)系 be trapped in 被困在… at a speed of 以…的速度 with the help of 由于…的幫助 deliver into 送進 give out 發(fā)出(氣味、熱等); 用完, 耗光; 筋疲力盡,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,除湯姆去了以外，我們都去了。 We all went there besides Tom. 他不會介意你遲到的，何況幾乎不是你的錯。 He won’t mind your being late —— besides, it’s hardly your fault. The playground is often crowded with many people ____ it rains. except that B. except when C. except D. besides I’m worn out, ____ , the bike doesn’t work well, so I can’t go farther. A. apart from B. except for C. beside D. besides,B,D,他的表演給我留下了深刻的印象。 I ______________________ his performances. 他把圖案壓印在布上。 He impressed the design on the cloth. 我父親讓我銘記艱苦勞動的價值。 My father impressed on me the value of hard work. Although he has lived with us for years, he didn’t leave us with much _____. view B. impression C. looks D. appearance I was impressed _____ the efficiency of the work done in the company. A. in B. for C. about D. with,was very impressed by,B,D,機長向乘客宣布飛機就要著陸了。 The captain announced to the passengers that the plane was going to land. 經(jīng)過幾周的討論之后，今天公布了和平協(xié)議。 Today’s announcement of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion. I must ____ that it’s more difficult than I thought it would be. admit B. declare C. announce D. report When everyone arrived, the host _____ the beginning of the feast. A. declare B. announce C. claimed D. shouted,A,B,他是唯一的候選人，因此他當選了。 He is the only candidate; therefore, he was elected. 他違反了校規(guī)，因此受到了批評。 He broke the rules of our school; therefore, he was criticized. Progress so far has been very good. _____, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides,A,用force, power, energy, strength填空。 This greatest leader in India didn’t approve of ________ to liberate his country. 2. More and more people are using solar _______________ in their daily life. 3. I do think that playing computer games is a waste of time and ___________. 4. We students need more excise every day to build up our health and ___________.,force,power / energy,energy,strength,Neither side was willing to give in at all and so no agreement ________. A. reached B. had reached C. was reached D. will be reached A board ______ by the side of the wall on which these words ______, “Danger, keep off”. A. was set up ; were written B. set up ; wrote C. put ; wrote D. was set up ; is written 3. —— Did you enjoy last night’s concert? —— Yes, though the last piece _____ rather poorly. played B. was played C. was playing D. had played 4. The soil ______ away in this way. A. doesn’t wash B. didn’t be washed C. isn’t washed D. won’t wash,C,A,B,C,In Australia, he made a lot of friends _______ English well to make himself _______. A. learn ; understand B. to learn ; understood C. learning ; understand D. learned ; understood 6. Why must the cows _____ the trees? be away to B. be kept away C. be kept away from D. keep away to I’m going to make an early start ______ I won’t get stuck in the traffic. A. in case B. because C. so that D. until 8. ________ over the undecided voters, they are working twice as hard. A. Having won B. Won C. Winning D. To win 9. The building which _____ last year ____ really beautiful. A. was built; looks B. was building ; looks C. was built; is looked D. was building; is looking,B,C,C,D,A,1. be set in 2. a sense of happiness 3. pass on 4. enable sb to do sth 5. last but not least 6. thousands of 7. be connected to 8. in reality 9. put forward 10. bring history alive 11.give out 12. be accused of 13. leave sb with… 14.set up 15. close down 16. belong to 17. make a profit 18. go on a virtual trip to 19. be responsible for 20. move round 21. invest in 22. on display 23. sign one’s name for 24. take the risk of 25. end in failure 26. keep/get in touch with 27. draw a conclusion 28. voice one’s opinions 29. tell…from… 30. concentrate on 31. fall off 32. go bankrupt 33.in my opinion 34. come across 35. science fiction 36. tell of 37. at a speed of 38. be trapped in 39. with the help of 40. deliver into,同學們,來學校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學們,來學校和回家的路上要注意安全,