高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：主謂一致 講解與練習(xí)

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1、高中語(yǔ)法：主謂一致 Ⅰ. 主謂一致原則 含義：在英語(yǔ)句子中，謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。 分類(lèi)：語(yǔ)法一致原則、邏輯意義一致原則、就近原則。 Ⅱ. 語(yǔ)法一致原則：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。 1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your ey

2、es. What he said is true. 【注意】★ 由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What I bought were three English books. What I say and do has nothing to do with you. ★ a pair of +表無(wú)生命的名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)；a pair of +表人或動(dòng)物的名詞+單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)： This pair of shoes is not mine. The happy p

3、air is / are going to Hawaii for their honeymoon. 2. “單數(shù)名詞 + and + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)： You and I are good friends. The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the news. 【注意】★如果and 并列的主語(yǔ)指的是同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)： a/ the + 單數(shù)名詞（人）+ and + 單數(shù)名詞（人）+ 單數(shù)謂語(yǔ) a/ the

4、+ 單數(shù)名詞（人）+ and + a/ the + 單數(shù)名詞（人）+ 復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ) The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people. The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people. ★ 由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式: Every man, woman, and child needs

5、love. Each boy and girl was given a book. Every minute and every second is precious. ★ 有些用and連接起來(lái)的單數(shù)名詞，由于關(guān)系密切，已被看成一個(gè)整體，因而作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)單詞用單數(shù)。這類(lèi)名詞詞組有： knife and fork 刀叉 needle and thread 針線 bread and butter 面包和黃油 fish and chips 炸魚(yú)加薯?xiàng)l the stars and stripes 星條旗 Fish and chips is a p

6、opular fast food in England. The stars and stripes is the national flag of the U.S.A. 3. 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式: The factory with all its equipment has been burnt. The manager

7、, along with his secretaries, is going to a dinner party tonight. The teacher, as well as the parents, is to blame for the accident. 4. each; each + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；each of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)都用單數(shù)形式： Each arrives on time. Each of the building is painted a different color. 5. 由any, some, no, every 與bo

8、dy, one, thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的一部分，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)： Everybody is doing his best. There is nothing you can do to help. 6. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與先行詞的數(shù)一致： He who laughs last laughs best. 試比較：He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is wor

9、king hard. 7. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 這些詞有army, family, audience, club, class, group, organization, troop等： The graduating class is in the laboratory. The class were all cheerful. A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win. The team were talking over so

10、me new plans. 【注意】people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù): The police are looking for the lost child. 8. 在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致: Such is the result. Such are the facts. 【練一練】 1. Between the two roads _______ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”. A. stands B. standing C.

11、 which stands D. stand 2. –Have you heard that Tom, along with his parents, _______ to France? --Really? No wonder I haven’t seen him these days. A. has been B. has gone C. have been D. have gone 3. There _______ a pair of trousers on the bed. A. are

12、 B. is C. has D. have 4. _______ and _______ are going abroad next Thursday? Which of the following is wrong? A. The father; son B. The singer; dancer C.A singer; a dancer D. He; I 5. A _______ and _______ has been bought for you. Which of the

13、following is wrong? A. gold watch; chain B. knife; fork C. desk; but D. pen; pencil 6. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _______ in the room. A. are B. is stayed C. is D. has 7. Every student and every teacher _______. A. are g

14、oing to attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting 8. The New York Times _______ all over the United States. A. is read B. is reading C. are read D. are reading 9. Ther

15、e _______ to be something wrong with his sister, _______? A. seem; isn’t it B. seems; doesn’t there C. seem; isn’t there D. seems; doesn’t it 10. I think Tom, _______ you, _______ to blame. A. rather than; is B. rather than; are C. more than; are D. less than; i

16、s 11. The speakers at the meeting agreed that the ways in which television can educate a person_______ almost infinite. A. be B. are C. is D. are 12. “If anybody _______, please put down _______ name,” said the teacher to the monitor. A. wants to

17、 buy the book; his B. want to buy the book; their C. will buy the book; one’s D. wants to have the book bought; her 13. My family _______ large and my family _______ reading. A. is; enjoy B. is; enjoys C. are; enjoy D. are; e

18、njoys 14. The customs and culture of America _______ very much like _______ of England. A. is; that B. are; those C. have been; the ones D. has been; the one 15. Only one of the students who _______ present _______ to speak at the meeting. A. is; is B. ar

19、e; are C. are; is D. is; are Ⅲ. 邏輯意義一致原則：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的意義一致（因有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)。） 1. what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來(lái)決定： Which is you favorite subject? Which are your favorite subjects? All is going well. All have gone to Beijin

20、g. 2. 表示時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，因常表示一個(gè)整體的概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式： Eight hours of sleep is enough. Ten dollars is too much to pay for the shirt. 3. 復(fù)數(shù)形式的專(zhuān)有名詞，如書(shū)名、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)： The United Nations has its headquarters in New York City. The Thames has a large population. 4. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾，如：mathema

21、tics, politics, physics，以及news，works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義是單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式： World economics has a direct effect on world peace. Physics was her major. 5. “定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類(lèi)人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)： The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. The good are well rewarded, and the bad punished. 【練一

22、練】 16. _______ is _______. Which is wrong? A. Two days; a long vacation for the students B. One and a half dollars; not enough. C. The New York Times; published daily C. 800 miles; long distance 17. The rich _______ not always happy. A. is B. are C.

23、has D. have 18. What she left me _______ a few old books. A. is B. are C. has D. have 19. Ten minutes _______ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. A. is B. are C. seems D. seem

24、20. The Philippines _______ of more than 7,000 islands. A. consists B. consist C. make up D. makes up Ⅳ. 就近原則：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由or; either…or; neither… nor; whether…or…; not only… but also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致： George or I am wrong. Either John or hi

25、s friends are to blame for the bad results. Neither my brother nor I am going to the summer camp. Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to the party. 2. there be句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致：(here引導(dǎo)的句子用法相同) There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are

26、 twenty girls and only one boy in our class. 【練一練】 21. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _______ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 22. Either the teachers or the president _______ the meeting. A. attends B. attend

27、 C. are attending D. have attended 23. The manager or his secretary _______ to give you an interview. A. is B. are C. were D. have 24. Neither of your suggestions _______ sense. A. makes B. make C. is made D. are made 25. There __

28、_____ 20 dollars and two cards in my purse. A. are B. is C. have D. has Ⅴ. 表示數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)形式 1. “many a / more than one + 單數(shù)名詞” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)： Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks. More than one grammatical mistake was found in his composition. 2. 表示鳥(niǎo)獸

29、魚(yú)群的詞, 如 a flock of birds, a pack of dogs, a pride of lions, a herd of cattle, a school of fish等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)： A flock of birds is circling overhead. 3. a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the percentage of, 分?jǐn)?shù)詞 + of, a quantity of, quantities of 作主語(yǔ)的一部分時(shí)，與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；與不可數(shù)名詞連用，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式： Two-fifths of t

30、he money is mine. Two-fifths of the students in the class are from English-speaking countries. There was quantities of rain this fall. 4. a great deal of, an amount of, a little of, much of等與不可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)： Much of the furniture is uncomfortable. There is a limited amount of oil in the worl

31、d. 5. a good many, a great many, a number of 與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)： There were a great many people in the park. A number of students were absent. 【注意】 “the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)”，表示“…的數(shù)目”： The number of days in a week is seven. 【練一練】 26. About 60 percent of the students ______

32、_ from the south, the rest of them _______ from the north and foreign countries. A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is 27. The number of people invited _______ fifty; but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons. A. were; was, B. was;

33、 was C. was; were D. were; were 28. Many a child _______ to walk before he can speak. A. learn B. learns C. learned D. have learned 29. More than one girl _______ late for class this morning. A. are B. is C. w

34、as D. were 30. The population of China _______ over 1,200 million and eighty percent of the population _______ peasants. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are Homework: 1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______

35、 visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 2. The rich_____ not always happy. . A. is B. are C. has D. have 3. This special strain of rice ___________ one-third more of the crop in the same field. A. makes possible to produce B. makes

36、it possible to produce C. make possible producing D. make it possible producing 4. A variety of books _____________ the children of different ages. A. are interested in B. is interested in C. are intending for D. is intending for 5. Tom as well as two of his friends ________ to the conc

37、ert last night A. has been invited B. had been invited C. were invited D. was invited 6.—Mike, what did our monitor say just now? —Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who to visit the museum asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. A. is; is B. are; i

38、s C. is; are D. are; are 7. A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and paintings tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were 8. It is I _________ my parents who__________ to blame for the accident. A. other than; are B. rather than; am C. more than;

39、are D. than; is 9. In our school, many a boy ____ playing football and more girls than one ____ playing it. A. likes; likes B. like; like C. like; likes D. likes; like 10. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be 11

40、. What we used to think ______ impossible now does seem possible. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 12.As you can see，the price of pork，eggs and grain rising _____ these days. A. are keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping 13. Three students in ten will go and _____ to stay in the clas

41、sroom. A. the rest are B. the rest is C. the other are D. the other is 14. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ___________ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. A. is B. are C. was D. were 15. E-mail, as well as telephones, ____an important part

42、 in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D play 16. No freshman and no graduate _______ to sit in on the forum. A. are allowed B. is allowed C. are agreed D. is agreed 17. On each side of the street _______a lot of trees. A. stands B. stand C. is standing D

43、. are grown 18. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A. work B. working C. is working D. are working 19. About one third of the population in Beijing and Shanghai_________ netizens, but in poorer areas, only three or four p

44、ercent _________online. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are 20. The theory he's stuck _____________ us that earthquake can be forecast. A. to proves B. to prove C. to proving D. to proved Keys: 【練一練】 1-5. ABBBD 6-10. CCABA 11-15. BAABC 16-20. DBBCA 21-25. BAAAB 26-30. BCBCC Homework: 1-5. ABBBD 6-10. BABDB 11-15. BCADA 16-20. BBCBA