1776_摩托車專用升降平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)
1776_摩托車專用升降平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì),摩托車,專用,升降,平臺(tái),設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué)士學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明本人聲明,所呈交的論文是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立完成的研究成果。除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注引用的內(nèi)容外,本論文不包含法律意義上已屬于他人的任何形式的研究成果,也不包含本人已用于其他學(xué)位申請(qǐng)的論文或成果。對(duì)本文的研究作出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體,均已在文中以明確方式表明。本人完全意識(shí)到本聲明的法律后果由本人承擔(dān)。作者簽名: 日期:學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定,同意學(xué)校保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版,允許論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán)南昌航空大學(xué)可以將本論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索,可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。作者簽名: 日期:導(dǎo)師簽名: 日期:畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告題目 摩托車專用升降平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)專 業(yè) 名 稱 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化班 級(jí) 學(xué) 號(hào) 078105324學(xué) 生 姓 名 王 浩指 導(dǎo) 教 師 袁 寧填 表 日 期 2011 年 3 月 15 日說 明開題報(bào)告應(yīng)結(jié)合自己課題而作,一般包括:課題依據(jù)及課題的意義、國內(nèi)外研究概況及發(fā)展趨勢(含文獻(xiàn)綜述) 、研究內(nèi)容及實(shí)驗(yàn)方案、目標(biāo)、主要特色及工作進(jìn)度、參考文獻(xiàn)等內(nèi)容。以下填寫內(nèi)容 各專業(yè) 可根據(jù)具體情況適當(dāng) 修改 。但每個(gè)專業(yè)填寫內(nèi)容應(yīng)保持一致。說 明開題報(bào)告應(yīng)結(jié)合自己課題而作,一般包括:課題依據(jù)及課題的意義、國內(nèi)外研究概況及發(fā)展趨勢(含文獻(xiàn)綜述) 、研究內(nèi)容及實(shí)驗(yàn)方案、目標(biāo)、主要特色及工作進(jìn)度、參考文獻(xiàn)等內(nèi)容。以下填寫內(nèi)容 各專業(yè) 可根據(jù)具體情況適當(dāng) 修改 。但每個(gè)專業(yè)填寫內(nèi)容應(yīng)保持一致。一、選題的依據(jù)及意義:1、選題的依據(jù):隨著摩托車使用量的迅速增加,社會(huì)對(duì)摩托車維修工具和設(shè)備的工作效率也越來越高。由此原因,設(shè)計(jì)一種維修設(shè)備,它可根據(jù)摩托車維修部位的不同而隨時(shí)調(diào)整摩托車的位置,方便維修,減輕維修人員的勞動(dòng)負(fù)荷從而提高工作效率,就成為必然需要。具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,占地面積小,安裝和拆卸操作方便,故障率低,常見故障易處理,維護(hù)方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)的摩托車升降平臺(tái),就可以滿足摩托車維修對(duì)提高工作效率的要求。本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的題目來源于生產(chǎn)第一線,所設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品具有實(shí)用價(jià)值,已經(jīng)有成熟產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)。我們可以參考現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品做出的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì),使產(chǎn)品機(jī)構(gòu)更合理、更實(shí)用、更可靠。2、選題的意義:畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)使我們能綜合運(yùn)用機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、液壓與氣壓傳動(dòng)及其他所學(xué)專業(yè)課程的知識(shí),分析和解決機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)問題,進(jìn)一步鞏固、加深和拓寬所學(xué)的知識(shí)。通過設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐,逐步樹立正確的設(shè)計(jì)思想,增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新意識(shí)和競爭意識(shí),熟悉掌握機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的一般規(guī)律,培養(yǎng)分析問題和及決問題的能力。通過設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算、繪圖以及運(yùn)用技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范、設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)等有關(guān)資料,進(jìn)行全面的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基本技能的訓(xùn)練。因此,它在我們的四年大學(xué)生活中占有重要的地位。二、國內(nèi)外研究概況及發(fā)展趨勢(含文獻(xiàn)綜述):升降平臺(tái)是一種多功能起重裝卸機(jī)械設(shè)備、升降平臺(tái)可分為:固定式和移動(dòng)式。固定是有:剪叉式升降貨梯、鏈條式升降機(jī)、裝卸平臺(tái)等。移動(dòng)式分為:四輪移動(dòng)式升降平臺(tái)、二輪牽引式升降平臺(tái)、汽車改裝式升降平臺(tái)、手推式升降平臺(tái)、手搖式升降平臺(tái)、交直流兩用升降平臺(tái)、電瓶車載式升降平臺(tái)、 自行式升降平臺(tái)、柴油機(jī)曲臂自行式升降平臺(tái)、折臂式升降平臺(tái)、套缸式升降平臺(tái)、鋁合金升降平臺(tái),起升高度從 1 米至 20 米不等。還有符合特殊要求的特殊升降平臺(tái)。升降平臺(tái)自由升降的特點(diǎn)目前已經(jīng)廣泛運(yùn)用于市政維修,碼頭、物流中心貨物運(yùn)輸,建筑裝潢等,安裝了汽車底盤、電瓶車底盤等能自由行走,工作高度空間也有所改變,具有重量輕、自行走、電啟動(dòng)、自支腿、操作簡單、作業(yè)面大,特別是能夠跨越障礙進(jìn)行高空作業(yè)等 360 度自由旋轉(zhuǎn)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 升降平臺(tái)的升降系統(tǒng)是靠液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的,被稱作液壓升降平臺(tái)。升降平臺(tái)還有柴油機(jī)、電動(dòng)兩用旋轉(zhuǎn)式升降平臺(tái),目前又出現(xiàn)了電瓶車載高空作業(yè)平臺(tái)升降平臺(tái),它的特點(diǎn)是利用電瓶驅(qū)動(dòng)、電瓶升降機(jī)、無級(jí)變速,使用戶的高空作業(yè)更安全、更方便,噪音小。1、國內(nèi)研究概況:中國通用機(jī)械工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)升降平臺(tái)分會(huì)了解到,我國每年升降平臺(tái)市場成交額高達(dá)500 億元左右,但其中卻有 100 多億元的市場被國外升降平臺(tái)企業(yè)占領(lǐng)。他們認(rèn)為,要改變這種現(xiàn)狀,提高升降平臺(tái)質(zhì)量是關(guān)鍵。 升降平臺(tái)在機(jī)械產(chǎn)品中占有相當(dāng)大的比重。據(jù)國外工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家統(tǒng)計(jì),升降平臺(tái)的產(chǎn)值是壓縮機(jī)、風(fēng)機(jī)和泵三者的總和,約占整個(gè)機(jī)械工業(yè)產(chǎn)值的 5%。同時(shí),作為重大技術(shù)裝備的重要組成部分,尤其是在電力、石化、冶金、城市供排水系統(tǒng)中,升降平臺(tái)更是起著關(guān)鍵作用,而且用量非常大。 目前,我國升降平臺(tái)企業(yè)約 6000 余家,其中年產(chǎn)值超過 500 萬元的有 900 家。國內(nèi)上市的升降平臺(tái)公司 3 家,即中核科技、洪城股份、廣東明珠。去年,中核科技主營業(yè)務(wù)收入 2.35 億元,洪城股份主營業(yè)務(wù)收入 1.46 億元,廣東明珠主營業(yè)務(wù)收入 1.5億元。這些企業(yè),無論是其規(guī)模,還是產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,目前都無法與國外同類企業(yè)抗衡。 造成目前我國升降平臺(tái)市場被動(dòng)的原因主要有兩方面:一是國產(chǎn)升降平臺(tái)產(chǎn)品和進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品比還有差距,質(zhì)量有待提高;二是某些用戶國產(chǎn)化意識(shí)不強(qiáng),甚至人為地設(shè)置門檻,使國內(nèi)企業(yè)在與國外企業(yè)競標(biāo)時(shí)難以中標(biāo)。 我國企業(yè)目前生產(chǎn)的各種升降平臺(tái)普遍存在著外漏、內(nèi)漏、外觀質(zhì)量不高、壽命短、操作不靈活以及升降平臺(tái)電動(dòng)裝置和氣動(dòng)裝置不可靠等缺點(diǎn),部分產(chǎn)品只相當(dāng)于上個(gè)世紀(jì)八十年代初的國際水平。因此,發(fā)展升降平臺(tái)工業(yè),亟待開發(fā)技術(shù)含量高的新產(chǎn)品。2、國外研究概況:近 20 年世界升降平臺(tái)工業(yè)發(fā)生了很大變化。RT(越野輪胎升降機(jī))和 AT(全地面升降機(jī))產(chǎn)品的迅速發(fā)展,打破了原有產(chǎn)品與市場格局,在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展及市場激烈競爭沖擊下,導(dǎo)致世界升降平臺(tái)市場進(jìn)一步趨向一體化。目前世界升降平臺(tái)年銷售額已達(dá) 75 億美元左右。主要生產(chǎn)國 為美國、日本、德國、法國、意大利等,世界頂級(jí)公司有 10多家,主要集中在北美、日本(亞洲)和歐洲。 美國既是升降平臺(tái)的主要生產(chǎn)國,又是最大的世界市場之一。但由于日本、德國升降機(jī)工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展及 RT 和 AT 產(chǎn)品的興起,美國廠商曾在 20 世紀(jì) 60~70 年代世界市場中占有的主導(dǎo)地位正逐步受到削弱,從而形成美國、日本和德國三足鼎立之勢。近幾年美國經(jīng)濟(jì)回升,市場活躍,外國廠商紛紛參與競爭。美國制造商的實(shí)力也有所增強(qiáng),特雷克斯升降機(jī)公司的崛起即是例證。特雷克斯升降機(jī)公司前身是美國科林升降機(jī)廠。1995 年以來,其通過一系列的兼并活動(dòng),已發(fā)展成為世界頂級(jí)公司之一。 日本從 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代起成為升降平臺(tái)生產(chǎn)大國,產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和數(shù)量提高很快,已出口到歐美市場,年總產(chǎn)量居世界第一。自 1992 年以來,由于受日元升值、國內(nèi)基建投資下降和亞洲金融危機(jī)影響,年產(chǎn)量呈下降趨勢。目前日本市場年需求量為 3000 臺(tái)左右。 歐洲是潛力很大的市場,歐洲各工業(yè)國既是升降平臺(tái)的出口國,也是重要的進(jìn)口國。德國是最大的歐洲市場,其次為英國、法國、意大利等國。在德國 AT 產(chǎn)品市場份額中,利勃海爾占 53%,格魯夫占 16%,德馬泰克占 14%,多田野和特雷克斯各占 10%和 5%左右。3、國內(nèi)外發(fā)展趨勢: 目前,國內(nèi)外升降平臺(tái)的發(fā)展趨勢主要有以下五個(gè)方面:(1)升降平臺(tái)的全球化趨勢伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、現(xiàn)代技術(shù)革命,尤其是信息技術(shù)革命的發(fā)展,升降平臺(tái)的全球化趨勢不斷加強(qiáng)。升降平臺(tái)全球化主要包括產(chǎn)品制造的跨國化迅猛發(fā)展;價(jià)值鏈中與制造緊密相聯(lián)的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)朝著全球化方向邁進(jìn);升降平臺(tái)企業(yè)的跨國并購、重組和整合;制造資源在世界范圍內(nèi)的調(diào)劑、共享和優(yōu)化配置;跨國界信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)和維護(hù)正日益受到各國政府和企業(yè)界的重視,全球制造體系正在迅速形成等。(2)以跨國公司為主導(dǎo),產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈細(xì)分的趨勢隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化,升降平臺(tái)的國際分工正由垂直分工發(fā)展到水平分工,甚至網(wǎng)絡(luò)分工。產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈被細(xì)分到空前的程度。發(fā)達(dá)國家憑借其技術(shù)優(yōu)勢,不僅將其低技術(shù)的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移出去,即使在高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域,也是盡力搶占各產(chǎn)業(yè)的高技術(shù)和高附加值環(huán)節(jié),將產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條中的低技術(shù)環(huán)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移給處于較低發(fā)展水平的國家,從而完成價(jià)值鏈的分離和轉(zhuǎn)移,使其生產(chǎn)布局日益細(xì)化。(3)以科技中心控制升降平臺(tái)中心的新趨勢全球科技中心對(duì)升降平臺(tái)中心的控制主要通過跨國公司內(nèi)部分工、扶持委托加工制造中心、強(qiáng)化低端產(chǎn)品對(duì)高端產(chǎn)品的依賴、核心技術(shù)對(duì)生產(chǎn)性技術(shù)的控制以及市場需求等方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)??鐕驹谌蚋鞯氐教帉ふ业统杀镜耐顿Y區(qū),他們不再僅僅考慮某個(gè)產(chǎn)品在哪里生產(chǎn),而是著重考慮某個(gè)零件在哪里生產(chǎn)成本最低。一架波音747飛機(jī)有450萬個(gè)部件,來自近10個(gè)國家、1000多家大企業(yè)、1.5萬多家小企業(yè)?,F(xiàn)代升降平臺(tái)已不是簡單的工廠概念,它的中心已不在加工的積聚點(diǎn)上,而是全球化。(4)升降平臺(tái)的信息化、虛擬化趨勢目前,國際上一些制造型企業(yè)已完成了信息化改造,全部采用CAD進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算機(jī)管理。信息化已徹底改變了傳統(tǒng)的業(yè)務(wù)流程和工作方法,因此,升降平臺(tái)的信息化將是21世紀(jì)升降平臺(tái)發(fā)展的重要趨勢。虛擬制造系統(tǒng)運(yùn)用仿真工具、控制工具、信息模型和設(shè)備以及組織方法等,提供一個(gè)顯示仿真過程的工作平臺(tái)。在這種平臺(tái)上建立一種虛擬環(huán)境,應(yīng)用人類的知識(shí)、技術(shù)與感知能力,與虛擬的對(duì)象產(chǎn)生交互作用,對(duì)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)制造活動(dòng)進(jìn)行全面的模擬和仿真,以達(dá)到產(chǎn)品開發(fā)和生產(chǎn)的周期最短、成本最低、質(zhì)量最佳的效果。(5)升降平臺(tái)的綠色化趨勢向環(huán)保化或綠色化方向發(fā)展,成為升降平臺(tái)在 21 世紀(jì)的必由之路。環(huán)?;圃旎蚓G色化制造是綜合考慮環(huán)境影響和制造效率的現(xiàn)代制造模式,也是目前所倡導(dǎo)的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)方面,其目標(biāo)和宗旨是使所制造的產(chǎn)品在從設(shè)計(jì)、制造、包裝、運(yùn)輸、使用、維護(hù)直至報(bào)廢處理和善后處置的整個(gè)產(chǎn)品生命周期中,對(duì)環(huán)境的不利影響最小、而對(duì)資源的利用效率最大。三、研究內(nèi)容及實(shí)驗(yàn)方案: 1、研究內(nèi)容: 通過對(duì)摩托車專用升降平臺(tái)的技術(shù)參數(shù),結(jié)合具體實(shí)例,對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)中兩種液壓缸布置方式分析比較,并根據(jù)要求對(duì)液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)個(gè)部分進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算最終確定液壓執(zhí)行元件-液壓缸,通過對(duì)叉桿的各項(xiàng)受力分析確定臺(tái)板與叉桿的載荷要求,最終完成摩托車專用升降平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)要求。2、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案:擬定設(shè)計(jì)一款以液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)為升降系統(tǒng)的雙鉸接剪叉式升降平臺(tái)。四、目標(biāo)、主要特色及工作進(jìn)度1、主要目標(biāo):根據(jù)老師給定的數(shù)據(jù)和技術(shù)要求,運(yùn)用計(jì)算和 CAD 軟件繪圖等手段設(shè)計(jì)一款外形美觀、符合人機(jī)工程學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用、安全可靠的摩托車專用升降平臺(tái)。2、主要特色:設(shè)計(jì)的摩托車專用升降平臺(tái)比現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品更合理、更經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用、更安全可靠,更綠色環(huán)保。3、工作進(jìn)度:1、開題報(bào)告 第 1周2、總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 第 2周3、常規(guī)設(shè)計(jì) 第 3 周-第 7周4、成本核算 第 8 周-第 10周5、編寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 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The hydraulic pressure actuation is used in hydraulic pressure lift table, and the whole machine was made of the main body, the hydraulic system and the control system. Maximal load capacity of hydraulic press described by this paper is 500 kg , it has two parts: this scissors fork and hydraulic pressure system. This operation of the scissors fork is under the control of foot-operated hydraulic pump and hydraulic cylinder.Such hydraulic lifts are usually designed in accordance with the requirements of the design parameters, then the hydraulic cylinder thrust force is extracted by the sketchy estimate size.Thus the typle of the hydraulic cylinder can be sure. As the size of hydraulic cylinders and the positions for securing are different, it possibly have the interference in the design. The solution is to establish a programe through the analysis and comparison in the hydraulic cylinder layout.According to the need, we can design the optimal scissors fork, and select the connector of parts, sliding devices and so on. In the foundation of the design,the intensity and the rigidity examination to the large stress organization should bemade to examine whether that satisfy the design requirements. As the control system, hydraulic system's design is very important, including the design of the return route for guarantee presses, hydraulic pump's selection and other part's shaping and so on. In the entire process, the floor fluctuation and the turn over complete by hydraulic cylinder's expansion.Finally,the design of the lift table reserved for motor bicycle is completed.The 南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位畢業(yè)論文design draws lessons from the pertinent data, has adopt the pertinent standard,and admit sufficiently the prehominid precious experience.Keywords: lift table, hydraulic system, scissors fork mechanism, foot-operated hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinderSignature of Supervisor:南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位畢業(yè)論文I目 錄1 緒論1.1 升降臺(tái)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ......................................... (1)1.2 升降臺(tái)的發(fā)展前景 ......................................... (1)1.3 摩托車升降臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn) ................................... (2)1.4 摩托車升降臺(tái)的安全要求 ................................... (2)1.4.1 設(shè)計(jì)的安全要求 .......................................... (2)1.4.2 其他安全要求 ............................................ (3)2 摩托車升降臺(tái)的總體設(shè)計(jì)2.1 設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)及要求 ............................................ (4)2.2 摩托車升降臺(tái)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題 ........................ (4)2.3 摩托車升降臺(tái)的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式 ................................ (4)2.4 摩托車升降臺(tái)機(jī)構(gòu)中三種液壓缸布置方式的分析比較 ............ (5)2.4.1 問題的提出 .............................................. (5)2.4.2 三種方案的分析和比較 .................................... (5)2.5 總體方案確定及總體設(shè)計(jì) .................................... (7)3 摩托車專用升降臺(tái)的受力分析計(jì)算3.1 實(shí)例分析 .................................................. (8)3.1.1 摩托車專用升降臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡化 .............................. (8)3.1.2 升降臺(tái)受力分析 .......................................... (8)3.2 實(shí)例計(jì)算 ................................................. (12)3.2.1 剪叉臂長度及液壓缸安裝位置的確定 ....................... (12)3.2.2 液壓缸推力的計(jì)算及選型 ................................. (14)3.2.3 其他力的計(jì)算 ........................................... (15)4 各參數(shù)及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)4.1 升降臺(tái)主要零部件材料的選擇 ............................... (17)4.1.1 底座材料的選擇 ......................................... (17)4.1.2 液壓缸缸體尾部橫梁的材料選擇 ........................... (17)4.1.3 搭板的材料選擇 ......................................... (17)4.1.4 工作臺(tái)的材料選擇 ....................................... (17)4.2 內(nèi)外剪叉臂與底架連接的銷軸結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ....................... (18)南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位畢業(yè)論文II4.3 軸套的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ........................................... (18)4.4 滾輪的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ........................................... (18)4.5 腳輪的選型 ............................................... (19)5 液壓系統(tǒng)的分析與設(shè)計(jì)5.1 負(fù)載分析 ................................................. (20)5.2 液壓系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì) ......................................... (20)6 液壓系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)計(jì)算與元件選擇6.1 液壓泵的選擇 ............................................. (21)6.1.1 液壓泵壓力的計(jì)算 ....................................... (21)6.1.2 液壓泵的選擇 ........................................... (21)6.2 液壓缸作用時(shí)間的計(jì)算 ..................................... (21)6.3 油管的選擇 ............................................... (22)7 強(qiáng)度校核7.1 剪叉臂的強(qiáng)度校核 ......................................... (23)7.2 液壓缸底架固定橫梁的強(qiáng)度校核 ............................. (25)7.3 軸的強(qiáng)度校核 ............................................. (28)7.3.1 內(nèi)剪叉臂固定端銷軸的強(qiáng)度校核 ........................... (28)7.3.2 液壓缸缸體尾部銷軸的強(qiáng)度校核 ........................... (28)7.3.3 液壓缸活塞桿頭部支撐軸的強(qiáng)度校核 ....................... (29)8 校核8.1 重量核算 ................................................. (30)8.2 成本核算 ................................................. (30)8.2.1 成本的概念 ............................................. (30)8.2.2 產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)成本項(xiàng)目 ....................................... (31)8.2.3 生產(chǎn)成本的核算 ......................................... (31)9 結(jié)論 ........................................................(33)參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................... (34)致謝 ........................................................... (35)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)任務(wù)書I、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 題目:摩托車專用升降平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)II、畢 業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)使用的原始資料(數(shù)據(jù))及設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)要求:已知:額定載重量 500kg 自重≤200kg 850mm ≥升降臺(tái)最大高度 ≥700mm 升降臺(tái)最小高度 200mm 左右 平臺(tái)尺寸 2200×700mm 通過腳踏式液壓泵提起貨 物,要求后 輪固定,設(shè)置過載安全閥,確保操作者安全。剎車安全可靠。 (如在上坡路面裝卸摩托 車時(shí))??稍谏虄?nèi) 任意位置停止升降。要求: 1、繪制總裝圖紙。2、運(yùn)動(dòng)分析3、總體強(qiáng)度受力分析計(jì)算。4、要求成本核算III、畢 業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作內(nèi)容及完成 時(shí)間:1、開題報(bào)告 第 1 周2、總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 第 2 周3、常規(guī)設(shè)計(jì) 第 3 周—第 7 周4、要求成本核算 第 8 周—第 10 周5、編寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 第 11 周—第 14 周6、外文資料翻譯(不少于 6000 字符) 第 15 周Ⅳ 、主 要參考資料:1、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) 新版 第 4 卷 液壓、氣動(dòng)與液力傳動(dòng)與控制 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社2、沈紉秋主編《工程材料與制造工藝教程》北京:航空工業(yè)出版社 1991.53、徐灝主編《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》 ,北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 1995。124、液壓傳動(dòng),章宏甲主編。北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,20025、T. Morita, Y. Sakawa, Modeling and control of power shovel, Transactions of SICE 22 1 1986 69–75航空與機(jī)械工程 系 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 專業(yè)類 班學(xué)生(簽名): 填寫日期: 2011 年 1 月 3 日至 2011 年 6 月 2 日指導(dǎo)教師(簽名): 助理指導(dǎo)教師(并指出所負(fù)責(zé)的部分):機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 系主任(簽名):附注:任 務(wù)書應(yīng)該附在已完成的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書首頁。Piezoelectric hydraulic drive design and testing Jason ? rand le, Eric ? Anderson In mountain view, California, the street 2565 nest, add empty bureau engineering company MaKeDong ? raigor Prague In mountain view, California, the street 2565 nest, the diamond advisory group This paper introduces the design method of smart material is to build a use of hydraulic fluid dynamic provide the drive. In described drives, hydraulic oil from the hard drive of the frequency of piezoelectric or other intelligent material separation output cylinder of running frequency. This kind of decoupling permitted in high frequency piezoelectric driven by extracting substances, large energy highest in low frequency, and hydraulic cylinder driving provide long stroke. However, due to follow the compressibility of fluid and structural, basic impedance matching and fluid piezoelectric hard to energy conversion between pressurized piezoelectric hydraulic overflows into. In materials, mechanical design, and fluid mechanical interface field of basic design weigh and important technical problems is debatable. Puts forward prototype equipment and components measurement. Introduce test methods, test quantitative pump, pressure and flow out power and speed. A series of experiments show that by intelligent materials with powerful long stroke drive the possibility of the device. Keywords: piezoelectric, intelligent materials, piezoelectric hydraulic, drive, power wires, pumps introduction Intelligent piezoelectric materials, such as magnetic limit and electric limited in precise control long-term use. Because of its deformation ability is limited, these materials are usually not used for large linear motion drive. The last decades appear relied on various techniques to increase from the driving force of smart material core design. One common is the mechanical amplifier or transformation, such as those who are using the lever and the fulcrum, and repeat types, such as step, peristalsis. Recently, researchers have realized integrated intelligent materials and liquid, make a fundamental part of the pump to the possibility of using linear driver. This new method to realize long stroke high power drive. And includes regular servo hydraulic and various electromagnetic type, compared to other types of drive, piezoelectric hydraulic drive has his merits and demerits. Compared with the traditional hydraulic pressure, the main advantage displays in wire aspects, namely, eliminate hydraulic distribution circuit. Compared with electromagnetic method, including motor drive the ball screw, piezoelectric hydraulic drive with powerful hydraulic and potentially more rapid response time. Compared with conventional methods, a new type of drive in thermal hydraulic oil distribution and have drawbacks. Compared with electromagnetic drives, although use a small amount of hydraulic oil, new drive still need electrical and hydraulic integration. Piezoelectric hydraulic drive many of these characteristics and electric limit drives (EHAs) is the same, such as joint strike fighter planes in. EHAs than other piezoelectric hydraulic drive in the energy density of piezoelectric materials themselves have a potential advantage. Extracting this energy is a daunting task, this paper tries to describe many current development efforts some of the challenges. The overall design goal is to through different stages by piezoelectric stack components by a drive conversion power input output VAT will mechanical power to external load. Piezoelectric smart material, design began piezoelectric fluid interface, extends across the valve, and finally to output cylinder. Although the electronic drive drive in other local discussion, but it is also a consideration. Like many system, overall design is a comprehensive and repeated work, a single component can be design, but need to design combined with other subsystems. Subsystem and system level in this process test components. Tests to individual elements of the interaction between niv as characteristics. The total output (mechanical equipment strength, speed, or power) measure and maximization is the ultimate goal. This paper expounds the solid-liquid mixture drive, the operation and prominent illustrate the basic concept of the limitations. Put forward the design concept of actuators, and expounds the next each key subsystems. Review of important priority piezoelectric properties of application. Decided to pressure the room design and describing the prototype device. Analysis of some or all parts of test methods and characteristics of the value of each method is emphasized. This article through the test results and explain how generation of piezoelectric hydraulic equipment conclusions. Solid-liquid mixer driven The more widely spoken, piezoelectric hydraulic or intelligence material hydraulic drive can be called "solid-liquid mixture" driver. The energy transferred to intelligent materials production pressurized fluids. Then mechanical valve adjusting oscillation fluid pressure to pressure fluid flow. With hydraulic accumulator and another valve, solid medium can not required load frequency operation. Generally speaking, solid drive running more often than required load frequency, maybe reach 100 times. Although theoretically is attractive, but the actual restrictions would limit solid-liquid mixture drive mode efficiency. In particular, fluid viscosity and compression combined with active substances inherent in the mechanism, to limit the loss of drivers and total output power effectively drive bandwidth. Meanwhile, if the maximum power drive is available to drive mechanical load, must be very carefully designed to transport and output fluid with drive characteristic. Drive concept Intelligent materials hydraulic transmission main part of the basic concepts as shown in figure 1 below. This concept with the real photos in box design shown in figure 5 form. This device from external interface gain power and instructions and back to the remote sensing data (such as loading or displacement) state or safety information. Micro controller or low-end digital signal processor (DSP) necessary calculations, to match the instructions, transmission remote sensing information, to regulate the drive and valve timing. High power amplifier drive major intelligence material drive, low power amplifier drive any of the active valve. The main pressure drive the fluid pressure chamber, compression and valve quickly transmission fluid and cavities, battery, and output equipment. Output driver piston driven frequency range for internal drive drive frequency 1/100 to 1/50. Driver output driver loaded, and transmission of remote sensing data, such as banner global perspective, is to provide the embedded controller. Piezoelectric materials and brake In the past 20 years of development and evolution of equipment, the use of piezoelectric actuator has already been accepted for is different from many "intelligent structure" application. High density and high energy transfer is the basic demand, not accurate location or vibration control. Hybrid drive needs intelligent material used in the main pressure and some architecture, as a means to promote positive valves. Due to a variety of reasons, the choice is superior to other piezoelectric materials of choice. Compared to a size and piezoelectric bandwidth requirements of the shape memory materials, therefore, in the high frequency of ability is offered under pressure should consider above all. Compared to magnetic limit, piezoelectric materials to generate lower energy density, and when including auxiliary field coil generated when the greater density. Compared to electricity is restricted, piezoelectric materials and drives have more choices. Usability. But, analysis, modeling and design of the intelligent materials shall be excluded any ignorant. In piezoelectric materials, important is the number of power density unit volume or unit, i.e. the mechanical power quality of output produced. Mechanical energy conversion to electricity electromechanical coupling coefficient should be high. Because important is not only equipment, but also because the one-time operation driving mode need many cycles, other factors is also very important. Dielectric loss have very important three reasons. First, it shows that the output power into machine from waste of energy conversion. Second, in continuous high driver heat generation may cause material degradation. Finally, heat must be drive body abreaction part. High Curie temperature is desirable, so that in the environment of high temperature operation drive since heating makes temperature rise further. And control other high power application of these properties instead, such as mentioned here, common focus on one of d33 and d31 piezoelectric coefficient. Piezoelectric materials will be used in equipment stack device configuration. This stack should be mechanical stiffness, namely sandwich thin little or cover. However, the stack shape can be optimized to produce very matching fluid stiffness. It should be the rough, and no mechanical internal stress. It must be able to withstand high heat, and operates in more than a billion cycle power and mechanical stress environment. This application needs at least some other aspects of the cycle. Imagine in 2000 hz operation 140 hours of drive test over one billion cycles. conclusion This paper proposes a concept that is driven by using intelligent materials, such as piezoelectric, combined with hydraulic transmission manufacturing compact hybrid device. Intelligent materials used for low power positioning or vibration control, but of their inherent advantage is that they inherent one of high-energy or power density. It can use multiple ways of development, this article describes is one of them. Basic modeling consideration for this type of piezoelectric hydraulic drive is introduced in this paper. Explains the basic operation, and summarized the viscosity, compression and the lack of internal valve opening. Particularly suitable for the actual device has been submitted. Parts of key subsystem and discussed, and highlighted in each subsystem and interactive subsystems design important factors into account. Solve the problem and drive piezoelectric materials. To achieve high internal pressure is discussed design considerations. In this type of equipment fierce piezoelectric actuators and short column fluid of match between impedance is vital. This paper points out several types of experiment, and expounds the overall installation test equipment. Puts forward a equipment, and typical result is currently in development of other high-speed equipment. acknowledgement This paper introduces the defense advanced research projects agency compact mixer driven project funded the development, this project under with the air force research laboratory has signed the contract. The author thank sponsor and gray, Gregory power ? ? Hector bart and, Brian warner contribution ? Richards.壓電液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)和測試杰森?蘭德勒,埃里克?安德森加州山景里窩那街 2565 號(hào),加空局工程公司馬克東?瑞格布拉格加州山景里窩那街 2565 號(hào),菱形顧問組摘要本文介紹的設(shè)計(jì)方法是建設(shè)一個(gè)使用智能材料提供液壓流體動(dòng)力的驅(qū)動(dòng)器。在被描述的驅(qū)動(dòng)器類,液壓油從硬盤頻率壓電或其他智能材料中分離輸出缸的運(yùn)行頻率。這種解耦允許在高頻壓電驅(qū)動(dòng),以提取物質(zhì)的最高大量能源,以及液壓缸在低頻驅(qū)動(dòng)提供長沖程。然而,由于遵循流體的可壓縮性和結(jié)構(gòu)性,基本阻抗匹配和流體之間的壓電很難能量轉(zhuǎn)換成加壓壓電液壓油流。在材料,機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),以及流體機(jī)械接口領(lǐng)域的基本設(shè)計(jì)權(quán)衡和重大技術(shù)問題存在爭論。提出原型設(shè)備和元件測量。介紹測試方法,測試量化泵壓力和流量,得出動(dòng)力量和速度。一系列的試驗(yàn)表明由智能材料提供強(qiáng)力長沖程驅(qū)動(dòng)的裝置的可能性。關(guān)鍵詞:壓電,智能材料, 壓電液壓 ,驅(qū)動(dòng),電源的電線,水泵導(dǎo)言智能材料,如壓電, 磁限和電限長期應(yīng)用在精確控制方面。由于其形變能力有限,這些材料通常沒有用于要求大量直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)器。近幾十年出現(xiàn)了依靠各種技術(shù)增加來自智能材料核心的驅(qū)動(dòng)力的設(shè)計(jì)。其中常見的是機(jī)械放大或轉(zhuǎn)型,如那些正在使用的杠桿和支點(diǎn),并分步重復(fù)類型,例如,蠕動(dòng)。最近,研究人員已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到整合智能材料和液體,使泵的一個(gè)基本組成部分加以利用線性驅(qū)動(dòng)的可能性。這種新方法有望實(shí)現(xiàn)長沖程高功率驅(qū)動(dòng)。與包括常規(guī)伺服液壓和各種電磁類型在內(nèi)的其他類型的驅(qū)動(dòng)相比,壓電液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)有優(yōu)點(diǎn),也有缺點(diǎn)。相比傳統(tǒng)液壓,主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)在電線方面,即消除液壓配電線路。與電磁方法相比,包括電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)滾珠絲杠,壓電液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)提供強(qiáng)力液壓和潛在的更迅速的響應(yīng)時(shí)間。相比于傳統(tǒng)液壓,新型驅(qū)動(dòng)器在熱分布和漏油方面有不利之處。與電磁驅(qū)動(dòng)器相比,盡管使用少量液壓油,新型驅(qū)動(dòng)器仍然需要電氣和液壓一體化。壓電液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的這些特點(diǎn)中有許多和電限驅(qū)動(dòng)器( EHAs )的是相同的 ,如用在聯(lián)合攻擊戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)。壓電液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)比其他EHAs 在壓電材料本身的能量密度方面有一個(gè)潛在的優(yōu)勢。提取這種能量是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù),本文試圖描述許多當(dāng)前發(fā)展努力的挑戰(zhàn)中的一些。整體設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)是要通過不同階段由壓電棧元件轉(zhuǎn)換電力輸入由一個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)器輸出缸將機(jī)械動(dòng)力傳到外部負(fù)載。設(shè)計(jì)始于壓電智能材料,延伸到壓電流體界面,通過閥門,并最終到輸出缸。盡管電子驅(qū)動(dòng)器的驅(qū)動(dòng)器在其他地方討論,但它也是一個(gè)考慮。像許多系統(tǒng),整體設(shè)計(jì)是一項(xiàng)綜合性和反復(fù)的工作,單個(gè)的組件能夠被設(shè)計(jì),但需要重新設(shè)計(jì)與其他子系統(tǒng)相配合。子系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)級(jí)在這一進(jìn)程中測試元件。測試以個(gè)別要素之間的互動(dòng)和合作為特點(diǎn)。設(shè)備的總機(jī)械輸出(力量,速度,或電量)的衡量和最大化是最終目標(biāo)。本文闡述了在固液混合驅(qū)動(dòng),可說明的操作和突出的局限性方面的基本概念。提出執(zhí)行器的設(shè)計(jì)理念的下一步,和闡述各個(gè)關(guān)鍵子系統(tǒng)。審議壓電性能重要的優(yōu)先性的應(yīng)用。決定加壓室的設(shè)計(jì)和描述原型器件。分析部分或全部器件特性的各種測試方法,強(qiáng)調(diào)每種方法的價(jià)值。本文通過測試結(jié)果和解釋對(duì)多代壓電液壓設(shè)備得出結(jié)論。固液混合驅(qū)動(dòng)更廣泛地說,壓電液壓或智能材料液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)可稱為“固液混合”驅(qū)動(dòng)。能源傳送到智能材料生產(chǎn)加壓流體。然后機(jī)械閥調(diào)整振蕩流體壓力促使加壓流體流動(dòng)。由于有液壓蓄能器和另一個(gè)閥門,固體介質(zhì)可以不在所要求的負(fù)荷時(shí)的頻率下運(yùn)行。一般來說,固體驅(qū)動(dòng)器運(yùn)行的頻率遠(yuǎn)高于所要求的負(fù)荷時(shí)的頻率,也許達(dá)到 100 倍。雖然理論上是吸引人的,但實(shí)際的限制會(huì)限制固液混合驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的效率。特別是,流體粘度和壓縮結(jié)合活性物質(zhì)的機(jī)制中所固有的損失,以限制驅(qū)動(dòng)器和驅(qū)動(dòng)器的總輸出功率有效帶寬。同時(shí),如果最大功率驅(qū)動(dòng)器是可用來驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)械負(fù)荷,必須非常小心地設(shè)計(jì)使流體的輸送和輸出符合驅(qū)動(dòng)器的特點(diǎn)。驅(qū)動(dòng)器概念智能材料液壓傳動(dòng)的主要部分的基本概念如圖 1 所示。這一概念連同設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)物照片在框形圖 5 中顯示出來。該器件從外部接口獲得電力和指令并傳回遙感數(shù)據(jù)(例如加載或位移)狀態(tài)或安全信息。微控制器或低端數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器(DSP)進(jìn)行必要的計(jì)算,以配合指令,傳送遙感信息,規(guī)范驅(qū)動(dòng)和閥門定時(shí)。高功率放大器驅(qū)動(dòng)主要的智能材料驅(qū)動(dòng)器,低功率放大器驅(qū)動(dòng)里的任何活躍閥門。主要的加壓驅(qū)動(dòng)器壓縮加壓室中的流體,并且閥門迅速傳送流體進(jìn)出腔體、蓄電池和輸出設(shè)備。輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)器活塞驅(qū)動(dòng)頻率范圍為內(nèi)部驅(qū)動(dòng)器驅(qū)動(dòng)頻率的1/100 到 1/50。驅(qū)動(dòng)器輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)載,和傳輸全球遙感數(shù)據(jù),如旗幟角度,是提供給嵌入式控制器。壓電材料和制動(dòng)器在過去 20 年設(shè)備的發(fā)展和演變中,壓電驅(qū)動(dòng)器的使用已被公認(rèn)為是不同于許多“智能結(jié)構(gòu)”的應(yīng)用。高能量密度和高能量傳遞是基本的需求,而不是精確定位或振動(dòng)控制?;旌向?qū)動(dòng)器需要智能材料應(yīng)用在主要壓力和某些架構(gòu),作為一種手段來推動(dòng)積極閥。由于多種原因,選擇壓電材料優(yōu)于其他的選擇。相比于有尺寸和壓電帶寬要求的形狀記憶材料,因此,在高頻下提供壓力的能力是應(yīng)首先考慮的。相比于磁限 ,壓電在材料里產(chǎn)生較低的能量密度,而當(dāng)包括輔助領(lǐng)域線圈時(shí)產(chǎn)生更大的密度。相比于電限,壓電材料和驅(qū)動(dòng)器有更多的選擇??捎眯源蟮枚?。但是,對(duì)分析、建模和設(shè)計(jì)的一無所知將排除任一智能材料。在壓電材料中,重要的數(shù)量是功率密度,即單位體積或單位質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生的機(jī)械功率輸出量。機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換為電能的機(jī)電耦合系數(shù)應(yīng)該是高的。因?yàn)橹匾牟粌H僅是設(shè)備的一次性運(yùn)作,還因?yàn)轵?qū)動(dòng)方式需要許多周期,其他因素也很重要。介電損耗有非常重要的三個(gè)原因。首先,它表明從電能輸入到機(jī)械輸出轉(zhuǎn)換的能源浪費(fèi)。第二,在持續(xù)高驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的熱量可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致材料退化。最后,熱量必須被驅(qū)動(dòng)器體消散一部分。高居里溫度也是可取的,以便在高溫環(huán)境中作業(yè)驅(qū)動(dòng)器自加熱使溫度進(jìn)一步提高。與控制其他高功率應(yīng)用的這些特性相反,如這里提到的之一,共同側(cè)重于壓電系數(shù) d33 和 d31 。壓電材料將用于設(shè)備的堆棧器配置。這堆棧應(yīng)該是機(jī)械僵硬,即夾層薄薄的一點(diǎn)或端蓋。然而,堆棧形狀可以優(yōu)化產(chǎn)生非常匹配流體介質(zhì)的剛度。它應(yīng)該是機(jī)械的不平,且無內(nèi)部制造壓力。它必須能夠承受較高的熱,及運(yùn)作超過十億周期的電力和機(jī)械應(yīng)力環(huán)境。此應(yīng)用至少需要一些其他方面的周期。設(shè)想在 2000 赫茲運(yùn)作 140 小時(shí)的驅(qū)動(dòng)器試驗(yàn)超過 10 億周期。結(jié)論本文提出了一個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)的概念,即利用智能材料,如壓電,結(jié)合液壓傳動(dòng)制造緊湊型混合動(dòng)力裝置。智能材料常常被用于低力量定位或振動(dòng)控制,但它們內(nèi)在的優(yōu)勢之一是它們固有的高能量或功率密度。這可以利用多種方式開發(fā),本文描述的就是其中之一?;窘?紤]對(duì)這一類型壓電液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)器作了介紹。解釋了基本的操作,并綜述了粘度、壓縮和內(nèi)部閥開口不足的限制。特別適合于實(shí)際的設(shè)備已提交。對(duì)關(guān)鍵分系統(tǒng)和部件進(jìn)行了討論,并且突出了在每個(gè)子系統(tǒng)和互動(dòng)的子系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)中重要因素的考慮。解決了有關(guān)壓電材料和驅(qū)動(dòng)器的問題。對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)高內(nèi)部壓力的設(shè)計(jì)考慮進(jìn)行了討論。在這種類型的設(shè)備中激烈壓電驅(qū)動(dòng)器和短柱流體之間的匹配阻抗是至關(guān)重要的。本文指出了幾種類型的試驗(yàn),和闡述了設(shè)備的全面安裝測試。提出了一個(gè)設(shè)備典型的結(jié)果,和目前正處于發(fā)展的其他高速設(shè)備。鳴謝本文介紹了驅(qū)動(dòng)器在國防部高級(jí)研究計(jì)劃局緊湊型混合驅(qū)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目資助下的發(fā)展,該項(xiàng)目與空軍研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室簽訂了合同。作者感謝主辦者以及格雷戈?包爾斯、布萊恩?赫巴特和理查?華納的貢獻(xiàn)。
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