3755 液壓支架的總體及液壓系統(tǒng)設計
3755 液壓支架的總體及液壓系統(tǒng)設計,液壓,支架,總體,整體,系統(tǒng),設計
河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計（論文）開題報告題目名稱 液壓支架設計(總體設計、液壓系統(tǒng)）學生姓名 王藝杰 專業(yè)班級 機制 08-3 班 學號 0828070056一、 選題的目的和意義：隨著國民經濟對燃料和各種礦物需要量的不斷增長，礦井生產機械化、自動化和集中化程度的不斷提高，各種礦物的產量亦不斷擴大；我國煤礦和各類礦山每年都要生產大量的煤和礦石。在過去的半個多世紀中，煤礦井下開采支護設備的設計和使用發(fā)生了巨大變化。其中，最引人矚目的是世界范圍內廣泛采用液壓支架作為長臂開采支護工程的主要設備。從采煤設備的發(fā)展過程來看，采用液壓支架管理頂板是當代采煤技術史上一次重要的變革，也是煤礦現(xiàn)代化的主要標志。液壓支架作為綜合機械化采煤的關鍵設備之一，其重量約占綜合采煤設備總重量的80%~90%，其費用約占綜合采煤設備總費用的 60%~70%。因此，為了降低成本提高采煤的經濟效益，世界各主要產煤大國都一直在積極地開展液壓支架的研究。二、 國內外研究綜述：液壓支架的設計、制造和使用，從 1854 年英國研制成功了液壓支架發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在，已經基本成熟，已經基本成熟從液壓支架的形式來看，有支撐式液壓支架發(fā)展到掩護式液壓支架和支撐掩護式液壓支架；從支架的質量來看，有輕型液壓支架和重型液壓支架；從支撐高度來看，有薄煤層液壓支架、中厚煤層分層和厚煤層液壓支架，從用途來看，有端頭液壓支架和中間液壓支架我國科學工作者經過 30 多年的發(fā)展和努力，液壓支架的設計、制造水平在不斷提高，特別是在緩傾斜中厚煤層的液壓支架方面積累了相當豐富的經驗，架型已基本趨于成熟、完善，在品種和質量方面與國際先進水平相比，差距越來越小。但在控制元件和控制系統(tǒng)方面，與先進國家的產品相比還有較大的差距。目前世界上一些發(fā)達國家支架的控制系統(tǒng)已廣泛采用電液控制系統(tǒng)，例如美國、澳大利亞、德國2已普遍采用。電液控制系統(tǒng)技術在這些國家中已經非常成熟，支架的移架速度非?？欤蛇_ 8s/架，可以跟上采煤機 13m/min 的速度。我國目前液壓支架采用電液控制系統(tǒng)的數(shù)量很少，絕大部分為手動。目前國產液壓支架與世界上先進國家的差距主要表現(xiàn)在支架的整體可靠性、材料結構、控制系統(tǒng)和液壓元件等幾個方面。所以，今后除硬繼續(xù)針對我國國情的煤層具體條件，開發(fā)一些新架型、新品種外，還應在設計支架控制系統(tǒng)和提高支架的工作可靠性方面下功夫。三、 畢業(yè)設計（論文）所用的主要技術與方法：1. 運用大學期間所學的專業(yè)課程知識、理論和畢業(yè)實習中學到的實踐知識，正確地解決變速器設計中的功能分析、工藝方案論證、工藝計算.在圖書館查閱相關資料以及初步掌握學習一些必要的設計軟件如三維軟件 ProE，應用SolidWorks,ANSYS 軟件等。2. 通過在工廠的實踐畢業(yè)實習收集相關資料，進行原理分析，建立可行的初步方案，建立相應的數(shù)學模型，并進行必要的計算與實驗。利用各種渠道、方法和工具（如工具書、工程圖、網絡、刊物、實際測量、動手實驗、工程參觀、調查采訪等）3. 通過查閱相關資料和設計手冊，設計各個零件的形狀、尺寸，統(tǒng)籌兼顧，并不斷完善各種尺寸；四、主要參考文獻[1]機械設計手冊編委會編著.機械設計手冊[M].機械工業(yè)出版社.2004.8[2] 張家鑒陳享文伊長德編著， 《液壓支架》 ，煤炭工業(yè)出版社。1985 年[3] 蔣國安郭福君羅大炎編著， 《液壓支架》 ，山東科學技術出版社。1980 年[4] 邢?？祫⑻凭幹?， 《煤礦支護手冊》 ，煤炭工業(yè)出版社。1991 年[5] 徐濪編著， 《機械設計手冊》 ，機械工業(yè)出版社。1992 年[6]王國彪饒明杰編著， 《液壓支架優(yōu)化設計與計算機模擬分析》 ，機械工業(yè)出版社。1994 年[7] 雷天覺編著， 《液壓工程手冊》 ，機械工業(yè)出版社。1990 年[8] 高秀華鄧洪超等編著， 《機械三維動態(tài)設計仿真技術》 ，化學工業(yè)出版社。20033年 3 月[9] 王國法等編著， 《液壓支架技術》 ，煤炭工業(yè)出版社。1999 年[10] 煤炭部煤炭科學研究院編著， 《綜采設備配套圖側》 。1983 年[11] 宋錦春等編著， 《液壓與氣壓傳動》 ，科學出版社。2006 年五、畢業(yè)設計（論文）進度安排（按周說明）第 1~4 周：針對于自己的畢業(yè)設計題目進工廠進行實際參觀考察，進行原理分析，建立可行的初步方案，建立相應的數(shù)學模型，并進行必要的計算與實驗。第 5~6 周：熟悉設計題目，掌握所設計的系統(tǒng)的工作原理，通過網絡、圖書館尋找相關的資料，并認真閱讀，逐步形成設計思路，完成畢業(yè)設計開題報告；第 7~10 周：著手開始設計，通過查閱相關資料和設計手冊，設計各個零件的形狀、尺寸，統(tǒng)籌兼顧，并不斷完善各種尺寸；第 11~13 周：在老師的指導下，修改設計的零件，使整個系統(tǒng)更加完善、合理。第 14~16 周：整理設計資料，完成畢業(yè)設計論文。六、指導教師審批意見：指導教師： （簽名）年 月 日4河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計（論文）中期檢查表指導教師： 張昌娟 職稱： 講師 所在系部：機械與動力工程學院 教研室： 機械制造系 題 目 液壓支架總體設計及液壓系統(tǒng)設計學生姓名 王藝杰 專業(yè)班級 08機制 3班 學號 0828070056一、選題質量所選的題目與書本學習知識聯(lián)系緊密,比較貼近生產實際情況，比較有代表性;中批量生產，具有非常大的發(fā)揮空間和巧活多樣的設計思路，對于本科機設專業(yè)的學生來說，題目難度適中; 課題對學生的專業(yè)素質要求較高，并且該題目由該同學單獨完成，具有較高的工作量;選題完全符合專業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標，并屬于先進制造工藝的一種,對即將畢業(yè)的學生的再學習有較好的指引作用,綜合訓練的要求也得到充分的體現(xiàn)。二、開題報告完成情況開題報告已經完成。從適合實際工作環(huán)境出發(fā)，確定了明確的課題設計方向；對液壓支架的結構及液壓系統(tǒng)的工作過程已經有了一定的認識了解。已經對課題進行了設計、分析，并有了突破性的進展。同時，已完成了對相關資料的查閱，對課題有了總體的分析，開題報告完成質量較高。三、階段性成果1、本次設計的開題報告已經完成，總體布置方案和主要結構參數(shù)已確定，并完成一些標準件的選型及和大多數(shù)零部件的設計計算工作。2、部分零件圖的繪制已經基本完成，設計說明書已經開始整理。3、英文翻譯工作已經基本完成，現(xiàn)在正對一些結構設計進行校核。四、存在主要問題由于專業(yè)基礎知識學習不夠深入，設計經驗欠缺，參考資料收集有限，設計主題思路把握不夠，簡單問題解決不夠靈活；另外沒有仿真軟件的支持，無法確定設計是否有應有的設計效果，并且有較多的專業(yè)相關知識的綜合運用，所遇需要進一步更多細致耐心的工作。 五、指導教師對學生在畢業(yè)實習中，勞動、學習紀律及畢業(yè)設計（論文）進展等方面的評語指導教師： （簽名）年 月 日河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文0液壓支架英文材料譯學 院：萬方科技學院指導教師：張昌娟專業(yè)班級：08 機制 3 班姓 名：王藝杰學 號：0828070056河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文1The hydraulic pressure support development with first gazes[ Key word ] hydraulic pressure support; Control; Intellectualization1 hydraulic pressure supports developmentThe hydraulic pressure support is take the high-pressured liquid as a power, by certain hydraulic pressure part (cylinder, pipe accessory) one kind of strut and the control roof mining coal working surface equipment which becomes with some steel work combinations. Has the intensity high, the travelling speed quick, support the performance good, safe is reliable and so on the characteristic. Since the 20th century 50's, the hydraulic pressure support has gradually become the mining coal working surface core equipment, in the world mainly produced the coal country to invest the massive manpower physical resource and the financial resource carries on the research development to it. At present, support tends to take the hydraulic pressure support as the main body maturely, in the world has produced makes several hundred kind of frames and the up to ten thousand kind of models hydraulic pressure support, meets each kind of coal bed mining support need. On the century 60's, our country once has also developed 10 kind of hydraulic pressure supports, because all sorts of reasons have not obtained the promoted application, the hydraulic pressure support is in the development, the experimental stage; The 70's successively from England, Germany, Poland, former Soviet Union and so on mainly produce the coal country to introduce several 河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文210 sets of hydraulic pressure supports. After the unceasing exploration, the use, the digestion and the summary, make each kind of type the support, it is the beginning which the domestically produced hydraulic pressure support develops; The 80's hydraulic pressure support research and development is in the innovation to enhance the stage, develops 30 kind of new frames one after another, makes the ZZ series, the XY series, the ZD series and so on the different specification, and widely uses in the state-owned large and middle scale coal mines, obtains the good economic efficiency; 90's special hydraulic pressure support development obtains the rapid development, the mechanized shop net support, the water granulated substance fills the support, the reason support, the force support, puts goes against the coal support and so on to be published one after another; This century along with the computer technology, the automated technology popularization and the application, the hydraulic pressure support control obtains unprecedentedness to progress, gradually to the procedure control, the numerical control, the remote control and the automated control makes great strides forward.2 domestic and foreign hydraulic pressure supports differenceThe domestically produced support in the manufacture technology, the material quality performance, the processing craft, the control system and in the sealing property compares with the overseas advanced countries has the very big disparity.2.1 processings manufactures aspect河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文3According to the related synthesis picks the engineers and technicians to reflect that, the domestically produced hydraulic pressure support craft technology, the service life, the operational performance, use the material quality so far not yet to achieve in 1979 introduced 100 sets of supports the technical levels. If structural material: Germany uses the ST52 material it yield strength is 500 MPa, but our country uses 16 Mn material yield strength is only 350 MPa; Valve class: Overseas always uses the copper alloy valve shell and the high strength stainless steel valve core, our country is the 45# steel adds surface heat processing; In processing craft: The overseas cylinder endophragm is duplicate plates, the domestic product for does not plate, causes the column premature to appear the spot in the use process, scratches and so on the seal leaks the fluid phenomenon, affects support the effect. The domestically produced hydraulic pressure support and the overseas production hydraulic pressure support compares the average to reduce 2 ~ 3 a service life.2.2 control systems aspectThe domestically produced hydraulic pressure support control system research and development is at backwardness condition, seriously restricted the support to move supposes the speed the enhancement and the synthesis picks the economic efficiency the display. In the world several mainly produce the coal great nation throughout to enhance the support control system achievement the synthesis to pick the economic efficiency the important method, the 20th century 60's use manually straight control the operating system; 河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文4The 70's use the forerunner control system, along with it England first proposed the development electrohydraulic control system, the eighty's tends to maturely; The 90's ladders company develops the entire working surface electrohydraulic control system, follows closely after that Wister to cut down the advantage Asia - shell Switzerland special company to develop more advanced P - M3, P - the M4 electrohydraulic control system. Presently country and so on US, Germany, England, Australia basically all is the programmable electrohydraulic control, but our country still used the hand control system.2.3 hydraulic pressure parts aspectThe hydraulic pressure part research and development speed lags by far to the hydraulic pressure support need to develop. The hydraulic pressure support reliability mainly relies on the hydraulic pressure part reliability, the hydraulic pressure support in the coal mine production applies whether succeeds, the key lies in the hydraulic pressure part the technical performance whether does meet the requirements. Overseas at present uses the great current capacity safety valve, the fluid much controls the cone-way valve, the cut-off valve, initially supports the strength maintenance valve and the column quickly returns at once the fluid valve. To the hydraulic pressure part structural style, the geometry size, the choice of material, the heat treatment method and the surface treatment and so on various aspects have conducted the thorough research and the development. Develops one batch of sealing property well, the sensitivity high, enters the row of 河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文5fluid ability to be big, the anti- impact load strong each kind of hydraulic pressure part, adapts the hydraulic pressure support operating performance request. But our country kind of hydraulic pressure part research and development lags regarding this, at present still continued to use the century for 80's the product, has not formed the hydraulic pressure part universalization, the seriation, the standardization3 hydraulic pressure supports prospects for development forecastIn view of the fact that the science and technology high speed development, new technical, the new craft, the new method, the new material unceasing application and the computer technology unprecedented expansion, the hydraulic pressure support future development will have the extremely attractive prospect.3.1 designs ideas renewal, the hydraulic pressure support develops a revolutionMust consider the environment in the hydraulic pressure support design the attribute. Because the hydraulic pressure support working condition is bad, the person, machine the environment reciprocity question appears importantly. The green design is the choice of material, the product structure, the technique, the outward appearance modelling and the color matches according to the certain rule, adopts artistic the method to perform ingeniously to fuse, fully manifests the man-machine environment system the harmonious unification. The unwieldy hydraulic pressure support image safe, reliable, is been easy 河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文6to service, lowly to consume energy, the high efficiency, the modelling artistic substitutes. This kind of green design, it not only Filters the environment and the resources both must meet the economical development needs, and must meet the human survival development needs, is the humanity sustainable developmental strategy in support design manifesting. For example: The hydraulic pressure support uses the multi- goals fuzzy design in the design process, requests to support the strength in a big way, moves a speed quickly, weight light, the timber wood are few and so on, each goal determined a function, namely many designs objective function, then the combination optimizes, determination preferred plan.3.2 will adopt the pure water hydraulic pressure technology, the hydraulic pressure support becomes the green machineryThe pure water hydraulic pressure technology is the hydraulic pressure domain development front. It not only has good anti- burns the nature, the radiation, moreover the price also cheaply, does not have the pollution, since the long-time hydraulic pressure support in Surface under has worked, because the use actuating medium is the emulsion, and has many chemical additives (emulsifier, guards against rust medicinal preparation, antiseptic, partner mixture and so on), the micro environmental pollution is extremely serious to the surface below, therefore, the hydraulic pressure support use pure water hydraulic pressure technology, to reduces the coal mine the production cost, protects the environment is beneficial, and may greatly improve the mine pit the work and the security condition. Unceasingly progresses along with the society, the people had a higher request to 河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文7the dependent survival environment, hoped has a security, the environmental protection, the highly civilized green environment. The time request summoned the hydraulic pressure transmission (to origin in 1605 discovered the Pascal's law) this ancient brand-new technology resurfaced, and received the world the attention. At present, the western nation concentrates the strength to study this technology, and makes the unprecedented progress. For example: The lubrication attrition question, reasonably selects rubs the vice- material, has the engineering plastics, the structure ceramics, the high polymer material, guards against rust anticorrosion coating and so on. The structure ceramics have the resistance to wear, the anti- cavitation performance is good, the good chemical stability, characteristic and so on lower friction factor, prepares is favoured. Replaces the partial metals material in the hydraulic pressure part with the structure ceramics, big improvement its performance. In brief, the new material success develops and applies, precisely processes technical the unceasing progress, as well as each kind of new structure hydraulic pressure part making, all will become the hydraulic pressure support to use the pure water hydraulic pressure technology to enter the strict non- pollution domain, will provide the extremely attractive application prospects for development.3.3 high tech applications, the hydraulic pressure support tends to the intellectualizationThe advanced science and technology application is mutually seeps each kind of technology, mutually unifies in the foundation mutually assists, mutually promotes and the enhancement, fully uses 河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文8each kind of related technical the superiority, enhances strong points and avoid weaknesses, after causes the combination the overall function to be bigger than the composition whole sum of each part of function comprehensive interdisciplinary studies.. The many kinds of technologies unceasingly seep to "the mechanical parent substance - hydraulic pressure support", including technical and so on machine, electricity, fluid, light, magnetism servosystem. Specifically said that, is the strength, the speed which outputs by the hydraulic pressure support are a goal, constituted from has output to the input closed-loop system, was involves sensing the technology, the computer control technology, the signal processing technology, the mechanical drive technology, the hydraulic transmission technology and so on. Because fast operating speed, formidable memory function and keen logical judgement function, thus has realized the man-machine dialogue, causes it operation maintenance conveniently, the entire machine function to be strong. The hydraulic pressure support application function unceasingly expands, unceasingly strengthens to the mine pit coal bed geology condition compatibility, production benefit to equipment dependent degree increasingly big, the operational reliability is more important. The breakdown diagnosis technology (including signal examination, breakdown judgement, failure detection, content and so on fault analysis) along with the high tech development theory (for example wavelet technology, nerve network, artificial intelligence and so on) will enter the hydraulic pressure support the early diagnosis, the prevention and the reduced accident occurrence, 河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文9service blindness and the maintenance time, will lengthen the support service life, will enhance the production efficiency.4 concluding remarkIn summary, the hydraulic pressure support at present develops the main tendency is: Two columns shields type, enhances the hydraulic pressure support intensity, the design factor, moves a speed, the improvement individual part structure (overall top-beam, width center distance and so on), hydraulic pressure pipe accessory seriation, standardization, universalization, high working resistance, redundant reliability, with micro electron technology realization machine electrohydraulic integration digital gathering, operating mode monitor, breakdown diagnosis and automatic control.domestic and foreign development surveysAt present US, Germany and so on walk in this technology in the world front row,Its hydraulic pressure support battery solution control technology disposition has the breakdown to diagnose the early-warning installation,May realize the hydraulic pressure support and the coal mining machine, the scraper machine linkage and the long-distance control. Our country develops the hydraulic pressure support 河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文10battery solution control system start to be late,Has developed successfully the first entire working surface hydraulic pressure support battery solution control system since 1995,Also has the many kinds of models the battery solution control system hydraulic pressure support to be published. But our country produces battery solution control system hydraulic pressure support also not in mine shaft promotion use,Many high production highly effective working surfaces use the battery solution control system hydraulic pressure support also to have from the overseas import. The support battery solution control system develops which from our country looked,Still was in Shan Jia and becomes the group procedure to control.System initial stage. In the system does not have the main control console,Support and coal mining machine linkage entire working surface automatic control system also in development stage. Zhengzhou coal mine mechanical group limited liability company in the last few years through and German DBT Corporation, emperor fragrance Bach company and so on cooperation,The overseas advanced battery solution valve the hydraulic pressure support which will produce with this company necessary,Takes the lead to put into the use in the Jincheng coal industry group,Has met the design requirements completely,Has coal industry group 6 syntheses successively and so on the Jincheng, god China picks working surface nearly 800. The battery solution control hydraulic pressure support already or was going to put into the use. ZY4400 /9 /21 thin coal bed coal plow working surface battery solution control hydraulic pressure support 河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文11and the ZY8640 /2,515 /55 manufacture domestically picks the high shield type hydraulic pressure support through to have the product appraisal in pairs greatly which four Chinese Academy of Science academicians participates (appraisal),The appraisal thought these 2 kind of supports overall performance achieves the world advanced level. Moreover,Corporate design manufacture Chinese god China localization battery solution control hydraulic pressure.Support ZY7600 /22 /45/The world is highest 612 meter two columns shields type battery solution control hydraulic pressure support ZY9400 /28 /62 has all represented the domestically produced support maximum level,Achieved or approaches the world advanced level.Above two articles originate from Elsevier the ScienceDirect periodical液壓支架的發(fā)展與前瞻[關鍵詞] 液壓支架; 控制; 智能化1 液壓支架發(fā)展概述液壓支架是以高壓液體為動力,由若干個液壓元件(油缸、閥件)與一些金屬構件組合而成的一種支撐和控制頂板的采煤工作面設備。具有強度高、移動速度快、支護性能好、安全可靠等特性。自20世紀50年代以來,液壓支架已逐步成為采煤工作面核心設備,世界上主要產煤國家投入了大量的人力物力和財力對其進行研究開發(fā)。目前,以液壓支架為主體的支護趨于成熟,世界上已生產制造出數(shù)百種架型和上萬種型號的液壓支架,以適應各類煤河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文12層開采支護需要。上世紀60年代,我國也曾開發(fā)了10余種液壓支架,由于種種原因未得到推廣應用,液壓支架處于研制、實驗階段;70年代先后從英國、德國、波蘭、前蘇聯(lián)等主要產煤國家引進數(shù)10余套液壓支架。經不斷的探索、使用、消化和總結,制造出各種類型的支架,它是國產液壓支架發(fā)展的起點; 80年代液壓支架研發(fā)處于創(chuàng)新提高階段,相繼開發(fā)出30余種新架型,制造出ZZ系列、XY系列、ZD系列等不同規(guī)格,并廣泛用于國有大中型煤礦,取得良好的經濟效益; 90年代特種液壓支架的研制獲得迅速發(fā)展,機械化鋪網支架、水砂充填支架、端頭支架、強力支架、放頂煤支架等相繼問世;本世紀隨著計算機技術、自動化技術的普及與應用,液壓支架的控制獲得突破性進展,逐步向程序控制、數(shù)字控制、遙控和自動化控制邁進。2 國內外液壓支架差異國產支架在制造技術、材質性能、加工工藝、控制系統(tǒng)及密封性能上與國外先進國家相比有很大差距。2.1 加工制造方面據(jù)有關綜采工程技術人員反映,國產液壓支架的工藝技術、服務年限、使用性能、所用材質到目前為止尚未達到。1979年引進100套支架的技術水平。如結構材料:德國采用ST52材料其屈服極限為500 MPa,而我國使用16 Mn材料屈服極限僅為350 MPa;閥類:國外一直使用銅合金閥殼和高強度不銹鋼閥芯,我國則是45#鋼加表面熱處理;在加工工藝上:國外油缸內壁是復鍍,國產則為不鍍,導致立柱在使用過程中過早出現(xiàn)斑點,劃傷等密封漏液現(xiàn)象,影響支護效果。國產液壓支架與國外生產的液壓支架相比平均縮短河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文132～3 a服務年限。2.2 控制系統(tǒng)方面國產液壓支架控制系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)處于落后狀態(tài),嚴重制約了支架的移設速度的提高和綜采經濟效益的發(fā)揮。世界上幾個主要產煤大國始終把支架控制系統(tǒng)作為提高綜采經濟效益的重要手段, 20世紀60年代采用手動直控操作系統(tǒng);70年代采用先導控制系統(tǒng),隨之英國首先提出研制電液控制系統(tǒng), 80年代趨于成熟; 90年代道梯公司研制出全工作面電液控制系統(tǒng),緊隨其后威斯特伐利亞- 貝瑞特公司研制出更為先進的P- M3、P-M4電液控制系統(tǒng)?，F(xiàn)美國、德國、英國、澳大利亞等國家基本上全是可編程電液控制,而我國仍多采用手動控制系統(tǒng)。2.3 液壓元件方面液壓元件的研發(fā)速度遠遠滯后于液壓支架發(fā)展的需要。液壓支架的可靠性主要依賴于液壓元件的可靠性,液壓支架在煤礦生產中應用是否成功,關鍵在于液壓元件的技術性能是否達到要求。國外目前多采用大流量安全閥、液控單向閥、截止閥、初撐力保持閥及立柱快速回液閥。對液壓元件的結構形式、幾何尺寸、材料選擇、熱處理方法和表面處理等各方面進行了深入的研究與開發(fā)。研制出一批密封性能好、靈敏度高、進排液能力大、抗沖擊載荷強的各類液壓元件,以適應液壓支架工作性能的要求。而我國對此類液壓元件研發(fā)較為滯后,目前仍沿用上個世紀80年代的產品,沒有形成液壓元件通用化、系列化、標準化。3 液壓支架發(fā)展前景展望鑒于科學技術的高速發(fā)展,新技術、新工藝、新方法、新材河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文14料的不斷應用及計算機技術的空前擴展,液壓支架的未來發(fā)展具有十分誘人的前景。3.1 設計理念的更新,液壓支架發(fā)展的一場革命在液壓支架設計中必須考慮環(huán)境的屬性。由于液壓支架的工作條件惡劣,人、機環(huán)境的相互關系問題顯得更加重要。綠色設計是將材料選擇、產品結構、工藝方法、外觀造型和色彩搭配按照一定規(guī)律,采取藝術的方法加以巧妙融合,充分體現(xiàn)人機環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的和諧統(tǒng)一。笨重的液壓支架形象將被安全、可靠、易維修、低耗能、高效率、造型美觀所取代。這種綠色設計,它不僅可慮環(huán)境和資源既要滿足經濟發(fā)展需要,又要滿足人類生存發(fā)展需要,是人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略在支架設計中的體現(xiàn)。如:液壓支架在設計過程中采用多目標模糊化設計,要求支撐力大,移架速度快,重量輕,用材少等,每個目標確定一個函數(shù),即得多個設計目標函數(shù),然后組合優(yōu)化,確定最佳方案。3.2 采取純水液壓技術,液壓支架將成為綠色機械純水液壓技術是液壓領域的發(fā)展前沿。它不僅有良好的抗燃性、散熱性、而且價格也便宜,無污染,長久以來液壓支架在地表層下工作,由于使用工作介質是乳化液,并有許多添加劑(乳化劑、防銹劑、防霉劑、偶合劑等) ,對地表以下微環(huán)境污染十分嚴重,所以,液壓支架使用純水液壓技術,對降低煤礦的生產成本,保護環(huán)境是有益的,并可大大改善礦井的工作和安全條件。隨著社會不斷進步,人們對依賴生存的環(huán)境有了更高的要求,希望有一個安全、環(huán)保、高度文明的綠色環(huán)境。時代的要求呼喚著水壓傳動(起源于1605年發(fā)現(xiàn)帕斯卡定律)這一古老又嶄新的技術復出,并河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文15受到世界的關注。目前,西方國家集中力量研究該項技術,并取得突破性進展。如:潤滑磨損問題,合理選用摩擦副材料,有工程塑料、結構陶瓷、高分子材料、防銹防腐鍍層等。結構陶瓷具有耐磨性,抗氣蝕性能好,良好的化學穩(wěn)定性,較低的磨擦系數(shù)等特征,備受青睞。在液壓元件中用結構陶瓷代替部分金屬材料,大大的改善了其性能?？傊?新材料的成功研制與應用,精密加工技術的不斷進步,以及各種新結構液壓元件的制成,都將成為液壓支架采用純水液壓技術進入嚴格的無污染領域,提供十分誘人的應用發(fā)展前景。3.3 高科技的應用,液壓支架趨于智能化先進的科學技術應用是將各種技術相互滲透,相互結合的基礎上相互輔助,相互促進和提高,充分利用各種相關技術的優(yōu)勢,揚長避短,使組合后的整體功能大于組成整體的各個部分功能之和的綜合性交叉學科。多種技術向“機械母體- 液壓支架”不斷滲透,包括機、電、液、光、磁等技術的伺服系統(tǒng)。具體說,是以液壓支架輸出的力、速度為目的,構成了從輸出到輸入的閉環(huán)系統(tǒng),是涉及傳感技術、計算機控制技術、信號處理技術、機械傳動技術、液壓傳動技術等。由于快速運算速度,強大的記憶功能和靈敏的邏輯判斷功能,從而實現(xiàn)了人機對話,使之操作維護方便,整機功能強。液壓支架應用功能不斷擴大,對礦井煤層地質條件適應性不斷增強,生產效益對設備的依賴性程度愈來愈大,工作可靠性更加重要。故障診斷技術(包括信號檢測,故障判斷,故障檢測,故障分析等內容)將隨著高科技的發(fā)展理論(如小波技術、神經網絡,人工智能等)進入液壓支架的早期診斷,預防和減少事故的發(fā)生、維修的盲目性和維修時間,延長支架服務年限,提高生產效率。河南理工大學萬方科技學院本科畢業(yè)設計論文164 結束語綜上所述,液壓支架目前發(fā)展主要趨勢是:二柱掩護式架型,提高液壓支架強度、設計系數(shù)、移架速度,改進個別部件的結構(整體頂梁、寬中心距等) ,液壓閥件系列化、標準化、通用化,高工作阻力,高可靠性,用微電子技術實現(xiàn)機電液一體化的數(shù)字采集、工況監(jiān)測、故障診斷和自動控制。國內外發(fā)展概況目前美國、德國等在該項技術走在世界前列,其液壓支架電液控制技術配置有故障診斷預警裝置,可實現(xiàn)液壓支架與采煤機、刮板機聯(lián)動和遠程控制。我國研制液壓支架電液控制系統(tǒng)起步較晚,自1995年研制成功第一臺全工作面液壓支架電液控
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