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編號
無錫太湖學院
畢業(yè)設計（論文）
相關資料
題目： 半閉環(huán)數控車床液壓傳動與
控制設計
信機 系 機械工程及自動化專業(yè)
學 號： 0923021
學生姓名： 陸文杰
指導教師： 許菊若 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設計（論文）開題報告
二、畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計劃、進度、檢查及落實表”
四、實習鑒定表
無錫太湖學院
畢業(yè)設計（論文）
開題報告
題目： 半閉環(huán)數控車床液壓傳動
與控制設計
信機 系 機械工程及自動化 專業(yè)
學 號： 0923021
學生姓名： 陸文杰
指導教師： 許菊若 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2012年11月25日
課題來源
校企合作開發(fā)課題
科學依據（包括課題的科學意義；國內外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢；應用前景等）
隨著世界技術不斷迅速發(fā)展，各部門對液壓傳動提出更高要求，液壓傳動與電子技術配合在一起廣泛應用于智能機器人、海洋開發(fā)、宇宙航行、地震預測與各種伺服系統(tǒng)，使液壓傳動的應用提高到一個嶄新高度。液壓傳動是根據17世紀帕斯卡提出的液體靜壓力傳動原理而發(fā)展起來的一門新興技術，是工農業(yè)生產中廣為應用的一門技術。如今，流體傳動技術水平的高低已成為一個國家工業(yè)發(fā)展水平的重要標志。
1795年英國約瑟夫·布拉曼，在倫敦用水作為介質，以水壓機的形式將其應用于工業(yè)上，誕生了世界上第一臺水壓機。1905年將工作介質水改為油，有進一步得到改善。
第一次世紀大戰(zhàn)后液壓傳動廣為應用，特別是1920年以后，發(fā)展更為迅速。液壓元件大約在19世紀末20世紀初的20年間，才開始進入正規(guī)的工業(yè)生產階段。1925年維克斯發(fā)明了壓力平衡式葉片泵，為近代液壓元件工業(yè)或液壓傳動的逐步建立奠定了基礎，20世紀初康斯坦丁·尼斯克對能量波動傳遞所進行的理論及實際的研究；1910年對液壓傳動·夜里連軸節(jié)·液力變矩器等方面的貢獻，是這兩方面領域得到了發(fā)展。
我國液壓技術在50年代剛剛興起，60年代得到較大的發(fā)展。76年制定了元件型諾，設計了部分基型，近十幾年液壓技術得到普遍應用，目前應用范圍之廣，已涉及到各個領域。在國際市場，德國、美國、日本等幾個國家基本掌控了先進液壓傳動。但我國相對較落后，可是最近發(fā)展迅速，逐漸追上德國、美國、日本等幾個國家基本掌控了先進液壓傳動的腳步。
目前，液壓傳動發(fā)展的動向，概括有以下幾點：
（1） 節(jié)約能源，發(fā)展低能耗元件，提高元件效率；
（2） 發(fā)展新型液壓介質和相應元件，如發(fā)展高水基液壓介質和元件，新型石油基液壓介質；
（3） 注意環(huán)境保護，降低液壓元件噪聲；
（4） 進一步發(fā)展電氣-液壓控制，提高控制性能和操作性能；
（5） 重視發(fā)展密封技術，防止漏油；
（6） 重視液壓油的污染控制；
（7） 其他方面，如元件微型化、復合化和系統(tǒng)集成化的趨勢仍在繼續(xù)發(fā)展，對液壓系統(tǒng)元件的可靠性設計、邏輯設計，與電子技術高度結合，對故障的早期診斷、預測以及防止失效的早期警報等都越來越受到重視。
研究內容
(1) 明確工作循環(huán)并做工況分析。
(2) 明確主機的具體性能要求，進行負載分析和運動分析。
(3) 擬定液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖。確定系統(tǒng)的回路方式執(zhí)行元件及液壓泵類型調速調壓及換向方式。
(4) 液壓元件選擇。
(5) 液壓系統(tǒng)驗算。壓力計算系統(tǒng)容積效率計算和發(fā)熱估算。
(6) 液壓系統(tǒng)主要元件設計。
(7) 繪制圖紙并編寫設計說明書。
擬采取的研究方法、技術路線、實驗方案及可行性分析
研究辦法：⑴通過查閱專業(yè)文獻資料初步掌握數液壓傳動與控制的相關知識；
（2）結合前期工作及其所掌握的理論知識對液壓系統(tǒng)進行設計，并完成其應用前景的研究。（3）圖紙繪制以及進行整個液壓系統(tǒng)設計的審查，編寫設計計算說明書
可行性分析：⑴對平面布置簡明、合理。
研究計劃及預期成果
20012年11月12日-2009年12月25日：按照任務書要求查閱論文相關參考資料，填寫畢業(yè)設計開題報告書。
2013年1月11日-2010年3月5日：填寫畢業(yè)實習報告。
2013年3月8日-2010年3月14日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設計開題報告。
2013年3月15日-2010年3月21日：學習并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設計相關的英文材料。
2013年3月22日-2010年4月11日：液壓系統(tǒng)圖的設計。
2013年4月12日-2010年4月25日：尾座及液壓站的設計。
2013年4月26日-2010年5月20日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作。
預期成果：
預期成果設計出符合機械廠要求的通用型的，半閉環(huán)數控車床液壓傳動與控制系統(tǒng)并且滿足生產需要。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
① 設計過程中要重視設計方法和設計工具的現代化，積極推廣應用價值工程。
② 通過閱讀大量的資料，參考一系列液壓傳動，設計出盡量使液壓傳動的可靠性，加工精度，變速范圍，操作宜人性，工作效率及防護結構適合實際使用
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
① 根據調研情況，半閉式數控車床液壓系統(tǒng)圖已經確定，尾座也設計完成。
② 尚需解決的問題：采用半閉環(huán)控制其調式比開環(huán)要復雜，設計上也要有其自身的特點，技術難度較大。
指導教師意見
指導教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學科組、研究所）意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見
主管領導簽名：
年 月 日
英文原文
Machinery, Machina Mechine derived from the Greek and Latin,
Mechanical gear (figure 1) means "clever design", as a general mechanical concept, can be traced back to the Roman period, main is to distinguish and hand tools. Of modern Chinese language the word "Machine" is organization is (Mechanism) of the English and the floorboard of the Machine (the Machine). Mechanical characteristics are: machinery is a combination of physical components. To determine the relative motion of mechanical parts. So the Machine can convert mechanical energy or accomplish useful mechanical work, is the most basic concept in modern mechanical principle, the modern concept of Chinese machinery more derived from the word "Machine" of the Japanese, Japanese machinery should supplies to do the following definition (that is, in accordance with the following three characteristics is called mechanical Machine) :
1, the machinery is a collection of objects, concentration to the various parts are also difficult to deformation.
2, the object must implement the mutual movement, single, regulations.
3, to exert energy into a useful form, or converted into mechanical work effectively.
Mechanism and machine definition is derived from the mechanical engineering, belongs to the most basic concept of modern mechanical principles, mechanical more modern concepts derived from Chinese of the word "machine" in Japanese.
All have certain sports machine and the floorboard of the system. Such as machine tools, tractors, etc.
Mechanical engineering is related to the theoretical basis of natural science and technology,
Mechanical gear (figure 2) combined with the accumulation of technical experience in the production practice, study and solve in the development, design, manufacture, installation, use and repair of all kinds of machinery an applied subject of theoretical and practical problems.
Every development in the field of engineering requirements in mechanical engineering has adapted to the development, need mechanical engineering provides the necessary machinery. Some mechanical invention and improvement, and could lead to new engineering technology and the emergence and development of new industry. Large machinery manufacturing success, for example, led to the establishment of electric power system; The invention of the locomotive led to the rise of railway engineering and railway undertakings; The invention of the internal combustion engines, gas turbines, rocket engines, etc and progress, as well as the successful development of aircraft and spacecraft has led to the rise of aviation and aerospace business; The development of high voltage equipment lead to the success of many new synthetic chemical engineering and so on.
Mechanical engineering is in all respects under the pressure of rising demand for development, at the same time from different disciplines and the advancement of the technology improved and innovative ability.
Machinery is a simple device, it can transfer energy, force from one place to another place.
Mechanical gear (FIG. 3) it can change the shape of the object structures to create new objects. In life, all around us there are thousands of different kinds of machinery in the work for us.
Everyday understanding of mechanical is a mechanical device, which is all kinds of machines and equipment.
From the point of view of mechanical professional: machinery has a very important basic position.
Machinery is a modern society the five factors of production and service (that is, people, money, energy, materials and machinery).
When Marx to industrial society, industrial society, especially in big industrial society, which is machine production machine age.
Whether from life in contact with all kinds of physical devices, such as telephones, electric lights, television, refrigerator, elevator and so on contains the machine, or included in the general machinery, and from the point of production, all kinds of machine tools, automation equipment, aircraft, ships, god five, six, and so on, are short of machinery.
So, machinery is one of the foundations of modern society. If someone say agriculture is the foundation, also understandable, but in modern society, mechanical serve as the basis for the rest of the industry and engineering, it is no exaggeration to think is the big pillar in society.
Any modern industrial and engineering applications require machinery, is the People's Daily life, are increasingly used all kinds of machinery, such as cars, bicycles, watches and clocks, cameras, washing machine, refrigerator, air conditioner, vacuum cleaners, etc.
The first "machine" is defined as the Roman architect vitruvius pollio (Vitruvii) in it
Mechanical gear (figure 4) for building ten book mainly for carrying heavy things work machinery and tools: the difference between "mechanical (machane) and tools (organon) seem to have the following differences between. The machine is most artificial and very big power and effect, such as heavy ballista and grapes press. While the tool is a manipulation of the staff carefully processing, to achieve the purpose of such as were the shape of light range ballista or circular spiral device. Thus, tools and machinery are used in the indispensable thing." The ancient Greek for cylindrical gears. Alexandria, Mr Hiro (Heron of Alexandria) in the 1st century first discussed the basic elements of machinery, mechanical elements considered to be five classes: wheel and shaft, lever, pulley, wedge, spiral. Hiro's discourse reflects the classical mechanical characteristics. BC China has guidelines on the application of complex gear system, the incense burner in the application of the permanent "control level of the bogie and other parts of a cross. "Annotations", said: "the machine, the crossbow tooth; enclosed, the arrow around." Said wen jie zi "explanation of" machine "is" machine, the main mover ", refers to the crossbow.
Mechanical in leipzig, Germany in 1724 and liao poulter (Leopold) is defined as "machines or tools is a kind of artificial device, use it to produce favorable movement; at the same time can't use other ways to save time and power, it can save". British mechanics, Willis (truly illis) in its "agency theory" (The Principle of Mechanism, 1841) give The definition of:
Machinery gear speed reducer "any machine (machine) are made in a variety of different ways of connecting a set of artifacts that make it a component, the component will happen in a certain sport, these artifacts and the initial movement of the components of relative motion relationship depends on the nature of the connections between them." German machinery at le loro (F.R euleaux) in the theory of kinematics (Theoretische Kinematik, Grundzuge einer Theorie
China is the world's first national machinery development. Chinese mechanical engineering technology not only has a long history and splendid achievements in Chinese is not only the material culture and social economic development plays an important role in the world, and to promote the progress of civilization, technology has made great contribution to Chinese traditional machine. And in a long period ahead in the world. In modern times, especially from the early 18th century, due to the nineteen forties, due to the economic and social reasons, such as the China machinery industry, stagnation, in the 100 years is western bourgeois political revolution and industrial revolution, mechanical science and technology is developing rapidly, and far more than the level of China. So, China mechanical development level and the western gap widens, sharply to the 19th century middle behind western one hundred years.
After the founding of new China, especially in the past 30 years, our country's mechanical science and technology development speed. To the mechanical product large-scale, precision, automation and discusses the trend of development. In some aspects has reached or exceeded the world advanced level. Generally speaking, currently China mechanical science and technology achievement is huge, developing fast, high level of unprecedented. In this period, China has no end of mechanical science and technology will develop to a higher level. As long as we can adopt the correct policy, with good technology development and innovation, our machinery industry and mechanical technology can revitalize, leading to the development trend of mechanical industry.
Just small ramming machinery:
In the 1960s, China mechanical very small tamp lack, many small venues ramming basically USES artificial ramming.
Early 1960s, changsha construction machinery institute and Beijing architectural engineering institute, etc., the technical innovation achievements in mass on the basis of summing up Chinese characteristic invented the breaststroke ramming machine, 1962 exceeded national science and technology. The breaststroke ramming machine structure is simple, easy to use and maintenance in 1960s, soon became the dominant products to consolidate machinery. According to not complete count breaststroke tamp cumulative yield reached more than 50,000 machine, in the economic development of our country has played an important role. Since 1970's, the breaststroke ramming machine was gradually more advanced performance of vibration shock ram and vibrating plate ram, now replaced by laying machine has rarely breaststroke, basically be eliminated.
In 1964, changsha construction machinery institute HB120 developed movable type, type of Shanghai began laying machine, engineering machine production mainly by tianjin municipal later, annual production engineering machinery dongting about 200. In the 1980s, movable type ramming machine product quality has increased greatly, have exported to southeast Asia and Africa. Since 1990s, internal-combustion type ramming machine production sales, and gradually decreased in only a few small private enterprise production.
In 1977, changsha construction machinery factory buildings and developed in liuzhou HZR250 type and the HZR70 type vibrating plate ram, these two kinds of products in 1979 and 1982 passed by the ministry of construction of the organization. Then yiwu building construction machinery factory, siping, anyang vibrators factory, tianjin municipal engineering machinery dongting and other enterprises have started producing vibrating plate ram. In 1986, changsha construction machinery research and develop a larger HZR450 type of vibrating plate ram. Since 1990s, vibrating plate ram in our country has developed very quickly, varieties of products, specifications and increase production enterprises, foreign vibrating plate ram gradually to enter the Chinese market.
In 1983, changsha construction machinery institute and the joint development of hubei vibration in the first HZR70 type vibration shock ramming, 1984, passed by the ministry of construction, organization construction technology progress in 1985 won prizes. Due to the vibration impact compaction result has good ramming, productivity, high volume and weight of small, lightweight flexible outstanding characteristics, deeply user etc, obtained a rapid promotion, and soon ZiJiang development to the factory, xinxiang municipal engineering machine tool plant and tianjin dozens of dongting production factory etc. Vibration shock ramming although than vibrating plate ram, but later development speed of development, production and use of extensive than vibrating plate ram, has become the largest in China in the ramming machinery products. Since 1990s, foreign vibrating plate ram gradually to enter the Chinese market.
Vibration shock ramming and vibrating plate ram the successful development in our country, not only for our construction department provides advanced performance of mechanical, laying have achieved good economic benefit and social benefit, and make our ramming mechanical technology into a big step forward, shorten the gap with the advanced world level, promoting the development of compaction machine.
The mechanical processing:
According to the archaeological discovery, hot-working casting in Beijing pinggu, changping and so have proved that the 16th century BC shang dynasty (bronze objects. Ming yongle (1403-1424 years), Beijing produce world-renowned Ming yongle great 3-ton bell made (46.5 tons) and tower (63 tons of great 3-ton bell made of iron clock (25) and the furnace of melting, pit TaoFan model and method of casting. In the 1950s, Beijing based on clay sand castings in manual. In 1955, Beijing first machine tool plant began using leakage mould modelling, double-sided model and iron plate type plate and standard sand box modelling. In 1965, start using plastic model. In 1980, the institute and Beijing municipal electrical factory has successfully developed line frequency coreless bathroom plug stem bottom note type electric insulation casting. In 1982, hospital and Beijing the casting machine research cupola tuyere oxygen blowing technology. 1985-1988, Beijing institute of machine of floating end face seal ring by die successful test pressure casting process.
In 1959, Beijing second metalforming machinery general factory changed (Beijing) built 2500 ton heavy-duty hydraulic press. In 1971, the factory produced 6,000 tons, which is then Beijing hydrtesting biggest metalforming equipment. 1968-1979, Beijing hoisting machine factory has 300 tons of using hydraulic press 2000 tons and create crane and large panel. In the 1980s, Beijing institute of electrical and developed a series of Beijing mould centre high-precision cutting die, the multistage close to or to import mould level, changed Beijing precision punching moulds dependence on imports.
Before 1949, Beijing has heat treatment furnace, salt dissolved by thermocouples means furnace, quenching and tempering, parts of annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, carburizing and etc. In 1956, Beijing first began using high-frequency quenching machine tool plant. In 1961, the Beijing second machine tool plant began using gas nitriding quenching. In 1969, the following enterprise by Beijing gage start light quenching. In 1978, the complete machine tool research institute of Beijing guide surface contact quenching process and equipment, quenching condition of quality inspection. In 1979, scientific research institute of China academy of railway and mechanical institute of high-power diesel engine cylinder collaboration of surface modification of laser. In 1979, Beijing institute of electrical carbon dioxide laser is developed, and the kilowatt in early 1980s respectively applied in cylinder and stamp printing equipments of laser treatment. Among them, tsinghua university, Beijing, Beijing institute of electrical YouPiaoChang jointly completed YouPiaoChang seven color machine DaKongQi laser surface strengthening research. From 1984 to 1990, Beijing institute of vacuum heat treatment research, gas carburizing microcomputer control technology (Beijing university of aeronautics &astronautics and cooperation), rare earth soft nitriding, powder metallurgy products surface strengthening, kerosene and methanol small drops of microcomputer control method of carburizing, solid boriding and carburizing process computer aided process planning and tracking control system, and the application of new technology heat in production. Welding and cutting in 1949, Beijing has geo-drilling, electric welding and cutting etc oxyacetylene flame manual operation. In 1963, Beijing metal structure and YiJiBu mechanical science research cooperation to develop tungsten argon arc welding, and realize the nitrogen plasma cutting stainless steel. In 1964, the use of dc argon arc welding and tungsten wire alloying technology solved by tilting electrolysis industry worse pure nickel welding. In 1966, Beijing metal structure factory developed by rotating sphere of the submerged arc welding automatic welding. In 1968, the plant began to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) instead of acetylene cutting. In the early 1980s, tsinghua university invented new MIG welding arc arc technology in control, control a breakthrough. In the early 1980s, the Beijing urban construction design completed liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mobile pneumatic rail welding technology research and application. In 1990, Beijing metal structure factory to adopt CNC precision cutting and with photo-electricity tracking and CNC pursuit of high input automatic programming technology plasma cutting.
Visible, China mechanical development in modern development of its rapid.
中文原文
機械，源自于希臘語之Mechine及拉丁文Machina，
機械齒輪（圖1）原指“巧妙的設計”，作為一般性的機械概念，可以追溯到古羅馬時期，主要是為了區(qū)別與手工工具?，F代中文之“機械”一詞為機構為英語之（Mechanism）和機器（Machine）的總稱。機械的特征有：機械是一種人為的實物構件的組合。機械各部分之間具有確定的相對運動。故機器能轉換機械能或完成有用的機械功，是現代機械原理中的最基本的概念，中文機械的現代概念多源自日語之“機械”一詞，日本的機械應用品對機械概念做如下定義（即符合下面三個特征稱為機械Machine）：
1、機械是物體的組合，假定力加到其各個部分也難以變形。
2、這些物體必須實現相互的、單一的、規(guī)定的運動。