人教版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè) Unit1 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解

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1、初二英語下 Unit 1 What’s the matter? 馬思特教育 Unit 1重點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解 Grammar 一、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（Modal Verbs） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should意為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，必須和后面的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。用以表達(dá)職責(zé)和義務(wù)、提出勸告，而且表述的是自己的主觀看法。 1. should的句式結(jié)構(gòu) 句式 結(jié)構(gòu) 例句 肯定句 主語+should+do They should eat a balaced diet. 他們應(yīng)該平衡飲食

2、。 否定句 主語+should not +do They shouldn’t eat too much. 他們不該吃得太多。 一般疑問句 ---Should + 主語 +do+…? ---yes, 主語+should. ---No, 主語+shouldn’t. ---It’s too cold. Should I close the window? 太冷了，我該關(guān)上窗戶嗎？ ---Yes, you ______./No, you ________. 是的，你應(yīng)該。/不，你不應(yīng)該。 2.should的用法 用法 例句 表示勸告、建議 You _________

3、answer the question in English. 你應(yīng)該用英語回答這個(gè)問題。 表示推測(cè) They _________ be at home now, I think. 我認(rèn)為，他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在家。 表示驚訝、贊嘆、不滿等 How _________ I know it?我怎么知道這間事情呢？ 注意：should在以why，who，how等疑問詞開頭的問句中，意為“竟然，居然，怎么會(huì)”，表示意外、驚喜或在說話人看來是不可思議的。 二、 其他表示建議的句型 用法 例句 Shall we/I + do+…? Shall we _________ for a wa

4、lk? 咱們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝幔? What/How about+doing/sth…? What about _________ swimming? 去游泳怎么樣？ Let’s + do…? Let’s _________ and _________ them.咱們?nèi)タ纯此麄儼伞? You’d/We’d better (not) + do…? We _________ _________ wait a little longer. 我們最好再稍等一會(huì)兒。 Why don’t you + do …? Why don’t you _________ a walk outside? 為什么

5、不出去散步呢？ Why not + do…? Why _________ _________ a walk outside? 為什么不出去散步呢？ 三、 反身代詞 表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞叫做反身代詞。反身代詞是由第一人稱、第二人稱形容詞性物主代詞或第三人稱代詞的賓格形式，詞尾加self或selves組成。反身代詞可譯“本人”、“本身”，為加強(qiáng)語氣，也常翻譯為“親自”、“自己”。不定人稱代詞one-----oneself. 1、反身代詞的分類 數(shù) 人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 單數(shù) myself yourself Himself,herself,

6、itself 復(fù)數(shù) ourselves yourselves themselves 2、反身代詞的用法 用法 說明 例句 作動(dòng)詞的賓語 常用于enjoy,teach,hurt,buy, introduce,dress,help, look after, get dressed 作賓語 He is teaching _________ English. 他在自學(xué)英語。 We enjoyed _________ last night. 昨天晚上我們玩得很開心。 做介詞的賓語 常用于in,on,with,of,after,by作賓語 She lives by

7、 _________ in the countryside. 她一個(gè)人生活在鄉(xiāng)下。 做同位語 強(qiáng)調(diào)作用、加強(qiáng)語氣 Did you make the cake _________? 這蛋糕是你親自做的嘛？ Mr. Black _________ is a lawyer. 布萊克先生本人就是一名律師。 做表語 強(qiáng)調(diào)“自己” Just be _________.做你自己就好了。 Mary hasn’t quite been _________ recently.瑪麗最近有些不對(duì)勁。 單詞的用法 Section A 1. What’s the matter?怎么

8、了？ 該句常用詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了什么麻煩，其后用with引出對(duì)象。 1). What’s the matter with sb.? =what’s wrong with sb.? =what’s the trouble/problem with sb.? =what’s one’s trouble/problem? e.g. What’s the matter with Tom?=what’s _________ with Tom? =What’s the _________ with Tom?=What’s Tom’s _________? 2). matte

9、r, 名詞，“問題，事情” e.g. We have important _________(matter) to discuss. 我們有些重要的問題要討論。 3). 動(dòng)詞，“要緊，關(guān)系重大” e.g. It dosen’t _________ that you came late. 2. I have a cold.我感冒了。 1).have/get/catch a cold “感冒，著涼” The old man _________ a cold yesterday.那位老人昨天感冒了。 2). “have +a/an +疾病名稱”意為“得了….病” have

10、 a fever, have a cough,have a headache… 3. I have a sore back.我背痛。 “I have a sore + 身體部位”意為“…痛” 辨析sore和ache sore 形容詞，意為“疼痛的；酸痛的”用于身體部位名詞前 sore feet sore leg sore throat ache 名詞，構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞 headache; stomachache 4. lie down and and rest. 1).lie 的不同含義及詞性變化 單詞 詞性 詞義 現(xiàn)在分詞 過去式 過去分詞 lie 動(dòng)詞

11、 躺；平躺 lying lay Lain lie 動(dòng)詞 說謊 lying lied Lied lie 名詞 謊言 無 無 無 Katy _________ (lie) on the bed and read the letter last night.凱蒂昨晚躺在床上看書。 He _________(lie) to me about the result.對(duì)于結(jié)果他對(duì)我說了謊。 2). rest 動(dòng)詞，“休息，放松” May him rest in peace. have/take a rest 休息，放松=rest 5. You need to

12、 take breaks away from the computer. take breaks = take/have a break 休息 We are _________ a break under the tree.我們正在樹下休息。 6. Yeah，I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.是的，我想我以同樣的姿勢(shì)一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地坐太久了。 1). In the same way:以同樣的方式，以相同的方式 She worked out the math problem in the same way.

13、2).without為介詞，意為“無，沒有，不” You can’t buy things _________ money! 你沒有錢就買不了東西。 He left without _________ anything.他什么都沒有說就離開了。 7. …When the driver saw an old man lying on the side og the road.這時(shí)，司機(jī)看到路邊躺著一位老人。 see/watch/notice/hear sb.doing sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)看到/聽到的動(dòng)作的正在進(jìn)行 see/watch/notice/hear sb.do sth.

14、 強(qiáng)調(diào)看到/聽到的動(dòng)作的完整性 e.g. I often _________ him _________ in the garden last month. 上個(gè)月，我總是看到他在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)全過程) I _________ him _________ in the garden when I passed by yersterday. 昨天我看見他正在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行) 8. He expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.

15、 1).expect +名詞/代詞 “期待；預(yù)料” I am _________ a phone call from her.我正在等她的電話。 2).expect to do sth. She expects to go there next week. 她期望下周去那里。 3).expect sb. to do sth. He expected her to go with him. 4).expect +that 從句 I expect that he’ll come back tomorrow. 9. But to my surprise, they all agr

16、eed to go with him. 1). to one’s surprise “使…驚訝的是，出乎…意料” ________ my _________(surprise), he refused to cooperate with us. 讓我驚訝的是，他拒絕與我們合作。 2). agree “同意” a. agree to do sth. “同意做某事” b. agree with sb. c. agree on sth. “就某事達(dá)成一致” e.g. My mother agreed _________(buy) me a new pen. I entire

17、ly agree _________ you. We agree _________ the question. 10. 辨析thanks to /thanks for thanks to “多虧，由于”，to是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或doing thanks for “因…而感謝”，for 后接感謝的原因，常為名詞或doing形式， Thanks _________ you, I am not lost.幸虧你我才沒有迷路。 Thanks _________ sending me such a nice gift. 謝謝你寄給我這么好的一個(gè)禮物。 11. get

18、into trouble “造成麻煩（或煩惱）;陷入困境” trouble是不可數(shù)名詞。 be in trouble “再麻煩和困境中” e.g. Lisa _________ _________ trouble when she climed the mountain. Let us help the people who are ________ _________. 12. Did you fall down? fall---fell---fallen fall down 意為“倒下”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“滑倒，倒下”，不能直接跟賓語，加from連接賓語，fall down f

19、rom，表示“從…摔下” fall off “跌落”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“從某處跌落，摔下來”=fall down from e.g. The dog _________ down dead.那條狗倒下去死了。 The boy _________ _________ _________ the tree and broke his legs. The girl _________ _________ the bike. Section B 1. Someone felt sick. Sick;生病的，惡心的。ill也是生病的，也可表示品質(zhì)惡劣的 辨析sick和

20、ill sick 既可以作定語，也可以用作表語。表語時(shí)“惡心的” ill 既可以作定語，也可以用作表語。作定語時(shí)：表示“品質(zhì)惡劣的” e.g. Everytime I get on a boat, I feel _________. He is an _________ student, because he smokes and drinks. I have to look after my _________ sister home at home today. 2. Someone got hit on the head.有人頭部受到了撞擊。 1).get hit 為

21、系表結(jié)構(gòu)：get hit +on/in +the+身體部位的名詞，表示 “某身體部位受到了撞擊” e.g. The police officer _________ _________on the shoulder. 這位警官的肩膀受到了撞擊。 2). hit, “打擊，擊中” 如果強(qiáng)調(diào) “集中某人的部位”可以用 “hit sb. on/in the + 身體部位”e.g. The bullet hit him on the back. 子彈擊中了他的后背。 3).hit可以做名詞，“轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的成功的人或事；風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的作品”。 e.g. The song was a hit at on

22、ce. 3. have problems breathing 1). breathe, a.動(dòng)詞“呼吸”e.g. He was breathing hard when he finished the race. b. 名詞，breath，沒有“e” take a deep breath 深呼吸；hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 2). have problems (in) doing sth. “做某事有困難或麻煩” e.g. I have _________ _________ English. 我學(xué)習(xí)英語有困難。 4.

23、 辨析be used to doing/ be used to do /used to do be used to doing 意為“習(xí)慣于”，to是介詞+名詞/doing be used to do 意為“被用來做…”to為不定式符號(hào)+do原形 used to do 意為“過去常?！?，to為不定式符號(hào)+do原形 e.g. I am _________ to _________ up early.我習(xí)慣早起。 A pen is _________ to _________.鋼筆是用來寫字的。 He _________ to _________ books for an h

24、our every day.他過去常常每天讀一個(gè)小時(shí)的書。 5. find + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ) 1). find 賓語 adj. We found him dishonest. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他不誠實(shí)。 2).find 賓語 doing We found him _________others’ homework. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在抄別人作業(yè)。 3).find 賓語 副詞和介詞短語 I am so glad to find you _________.我很高興發(fā)現(xiàn)你在家。 I found the clothes _________ _________ sty

25、le. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些衣服過時(shí)了。 6. 辨析run out/run out of 用盡，耗盡 run out “動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不接賓語，主語通常是“事物”時(shí)間，金錢等 run out of “動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以接賓語，主語通常是“人” Our money is _________ out. 我們的錢快用光了。 We are running out _________ money. 我們的錢快用光了。 7. 辨析so that /so…that so that “以便，為了”=in order that, 引導(dǎo)目的狀語

26、從句，常與can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞。 so….that “如此…以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，so為副詞，+adj/adv;that 后跟從句。 可以與…enough to do…和too…to do…進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。 e.g. They got up early _________ _________ they could catch the early bus. Say slowy _________ _________ I can follow you. Tom ran _________ fast _

27、________ I couldn’t catch up with him. =Tom ran _________ fast _________ catch up with. 8. so …that 用法。 1). so + adj./adv. +that 2).so + adj. +(+a/an)+n.+that 3). so + many/much/few/little +n.that e.g. The ceiling is so high that we couldn’t reach. 天花板如此高，我們夠不著。 His son is so tall a man that

28、 he almost reaches the ceiling.他兒子那么高，幾乎夠到天花板了。 Kate had so many falls that she was black and blue all over.凱特跌倒了好多次，摔得身體青一款紫一塊。 9. give up 放棄 1). “動(dòng)詞+副詞”代詞做賓語，代詞放中間。give it/them/him/her…up 2). give up doing it’s good for you to give up _________. 戒煙對(duì)你有好處。 10. I hurt myself playing socc

29、er. playing soccer 現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。表示動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。其邏輯主語為句子的主語。 e.g. I stayed up late yesterday, _________ for a test. 昨天我為測(cè)驗(yàn)熬夜學(xué)習(xí)到很晚。 重點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)檢測(cè) 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 （ ） 1. The pear is too big for me. Let me ______ a part for you. A. cut down B. cut off

30、C cut up D. cut in （ ） 2. Grace bought a lot of new clothes and ______ all her money. A. run out B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of （） 3. Your temperature is 39C. Maybe you ______. A. have a cold B. have a headache C. have a fever D. have a sore back （） 4. —Did you catch your plane? —Yes. We

31、 got there just ______. A. on the time B. at times C. in time D. in the time （） 5. Sue came to the small town five years ago and she ______ here now. A. is used to live B. is used to living C. used to living D. used to live （） 6. To ______ surprise, the five-year-old boy can sing so many English

32、 songs. A. my B. me C. I D. mine （） 7. Emma likes dancing and she keeps on ______ every day. A. dancing B. dances C. dance D. to dance （） 8. —What happened ______ you yesterday? —I hurt myself in P.E. class. A. to B. on C. at D. with （） 9. Jim is always so busy ______ he has little time for h

33、is family. A. if B. until C. that D. when （） 10. —Hi, John, ______? —My dog’s leg is hurt. A. How are you B. What’s the matter C. Who’s that D. What’s Lucy like 二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Look! A dog is ______ （lie） by the side of the road. 2. The little girl usually finishes her homework by ______

34、（her） anti doesn’t need others help. 3. When I came into the library, I saw him ______ （read） a book there. 4. Mr. Green agreed ______ （help） me with my math. 5. You arc late for school again. I think you should ______ （get） up early tomorrow. 6. What does he mean ______ （do）? 7. Did you make a

35、 ______ （decide） to study medicine? 8. Mr. Li put so many ______ （knife） into his bag. 9. My dream is to be a ______ （climb） one day. 10. The little dogs ______ （die） made me very sad. 三、根據(jù)首字母或漢語提示完成下列句中所缺的單詞。 1. Susan took her temperature and found she had a high f______. 2. I have a t______

36、and I can’t eat anything. 3. You look so tired, so you need to have a r______. 4. Tony usually plays games with his classmates during the b______ between two classes. 5. I have a s______ throat so I can’t say a word. 6. We usually walk with our ______ （腳） and see with our eyes. 7. I’m feeling t

37、errible. I have a ______ （胃痛）. 8. The river is too deep, but Tom and Tony take ______ （冒險(xiǎn)） of swimming there. 9. Alex got hurt in the car accident and lost much ______（血）. 10. Kate’s mother works in a hospital. She’s a ______（護(hù)士）. 四、根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子。 1.他下了火車，然后就回家了。 He ______ ______ the train and

38、then went home. 2.多虧了那位老人，我們找到了回家的路。 ______ ______ the old man, we found our way home. 3.請(qǐng)記住當(dāng)你生氣的時(shí)候，不要做決定。 Please remember not to ______ ______ ______ when you are angry. 4.為了能趕上火車，我六點(diǎn)鐘就出發(fā)了。 I left at six ______ ______ I could catch the train. 5.為了成功你不得不去冒險(xiǎn)。 You have to ______ ______ in orde

39、r catch to succeed. 五、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（有兩個(gè)多余）。 knife break decide advise trouble risk high hurt lie different seem cough John likes to do sport very much. His favorite sport is mountain climbing. Last spring, he made a big 1. ______ — to climb Mount Everest. He knew it was difficult to c

40、limb the world’s 2. ______ mountain. And there were lots of 3. ______ in front of him, but he still wanted to do so. Because that was his dream. May 5th was the most exciting day for John. After a 4. ______in the tent, he and his guide started their journey to the top of the mountain. Everything 5.

41、 ______ well at first. There was no wind or snow. But when they were close to the top, things were completely 6. ______. The wind became strong and cold. He left like that many 7. ______ were cutting his body. He felt sick and 8. ______ a lot. The guide told John that they should turn back. He took

42、the guide’s 9. ______, but on the way he passed out. When John woke up, he found he was 10. ______ in a hospital. 答案 一、 1~5. BDCCB 6~10 AAACB 二、 1. lying 2. herself 3. reading 4. to help 5. get 6. to do 7. decision 8. knives 9. climber 10. death 三、 1. fever 2. toothache 3. rest 4. breaks 5. sore 6. feet 7. stomachache 8. risks 9. blood 10. nurse 四、 1. got off 2. Thanks to 3. make a decision 4. so that 5. take risks 五、 1. decision 2. highest 3. risks 4. break 5. seemed 6. different 7. knives 8. coughed 9. advice 10. lying