高考英語總復習 語法專項 專題5 動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)課件 新人教版.ppt

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一,二,三,四,五,動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣是高考中的重中之重,也是英語句子結(jié)構的核心。英語句子的靈動性很大程度上體現(xiàn)在動詞的各種變化上。在語法填空和短文改錯兩個題型中,時態(tài)和語態(tài)是考查的熱點,但是語氣問題也不可忽視。在備考過程中應該對謂語動詞變化的各種情況都能夠了如指掌。 可以預測,由于受到兩個題型出題方式的限制,對于動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的考查不會太復雜。同時,語境的重要地位會凸顯出來,因此,考生應學會通過上下文來確定所用時態(tài)。切記要把握最基本的概念和用法。,二,三,四,一,五,一、考查具有標志詞或標志性時間狀語的時態(tài) 做題時,可通過對時間狀語及語境分析作出判斷。但有時題干中的時間狀語具有干擾性,如for,now等詞構成的時間狀語,所以考生要根據(jù)具體語境來判斷時態(tài)。題干中常出現(xiàn)的標志詞或時間狀語有: (1)一般現(xiàn)在時:sometimes,every day/week,on Sundays等; (2)一般過去時:yesterday,last week,three years ago,the other day,the day before yesterday,once upon a time,in 1990等; (3)一般將來時:next week,tomorrow,before long,in the future,later on,the day after tomorrow等; (4)現(xiàn)在進行時:look,now,at present,at this moment,these days等; (5)過去進行時:then,at that time,those days等; (6)將來進行時:at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow,from.to.tomorrow/the day after tomorrow等;,二,三,四,一,五,(7)現(xiàn)在完成時:lately,recently,so far,yet,by now,up to/till now,since then,in the last/past few days/years等; (8)過去完成時:by then,by that time,until then,by the end of 2012,before 1999,“by the time+句子”等; (9)將來完成時:“by+將來的某個時間”,when/before引導的時間狀語從句; (10)現(xiàn)在完成進行時:all this morning,these few days,all night,this month,recently等。,二,三,四,一,五,二、考查語境中的時態(tài)呼應 在一篇文章中,每個句子的時態(tài)使用并非是孤立的,而是有聯(lián)系的。每個句子除了關注本身的句意和動作發(fā)生的情況之外,還要在語篇層次上協(xié)調(diào)一致。,二,三,四,一,五,三、考查復合句或并列句中的時態(tài)呼應 (1)在時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,若主句為一般將來時,則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時;若主句為過去時,則從句也用相應的過去時。 (2)能夠分清主句謂語動詞及從句謂語動詞兩個動作發(fā)生的時間,并認真體會命題者所給出的語境。 (3)解答賓語從句與主句時態(tài)呼應題目時,考生應熟知以下規(guī)則:如果主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài),則從句可根據(jù)需要使用任何時態(tài);如果主句為過去時態(tài),則從句要用合適的過去的某種時態(tài)(表示客觀真理時使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài))。 例1:Tom (shake) his head,went back to the market and returned to tell the boss $1.2 per kg. 該題考查并列謂語,應該使用一般過去時態(tài),因此答案為shook。,二,三,四,一,五,例2:When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun (shine). 該題可以根據(jù)時間狀語從句判斷主句謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間,再根據(jù)句意來判斷使用合適的時態(tài)。該題的答案為was shining。,二,三,四,一,五,四、考查固定句式中的時態(tài) 英語中的一些句式的時態(tài)常常很固定,如果題干中出現(xiàn)這種句式,注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用需要的時態(tài)。例如: (1)It is the first/second/.time that sb.have/has done. (2)It was the first/second/.time that sb.had done. (3)sb.was/were doing sth.when.did. (4)Hardly/Scarcely had sb.done sth.when sb.did. (5)No sooner had sb.done sth.than sb.did. 例如:Hardly had I got home when the rain (pour) down. 該題考查固定句型,根據(jù)該句型的特點可以判斷出答案為poured。,二,三,四,一,五,五、考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一體性 謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是一體兩面、不可分割的。在關注動作發(fā)生的時間和存在的狀態(tài)的同時,一定要關注主語和謂語的關系。在判斷語態(tài)時,要注意以下情況: 1.有些及物動詞或及物動詞短語不能用于被動語態(tài)。常見的這類動詞或動詞短語有: have 有 cost花費 lack缺少 own擁有 suit適合 hold抓住 fit適合 belong to屬于 I don’t have that much money on me. 我身上沒帶那么錢。 Lions and tigers belong to the cat family. 獅子和老虎屬于貓科。,二,三,四,一,五,2.不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語不能用于被動語態(tài)。常見的這類動詞或動詞短語有: come about/happen/take place/occur(to)發(fā)生 remain剩下 break out爆發(fā) last持續(xù) come out出版 lose heart失去信心 date back to追溯到 run out用完 3.有些不及物動詞以主動形式表示被動意義。 (1)read,write,sell,wash,clean,cook,catch,draw,cut等,常與well,badly,easily,smoothly等副詞連用,用主動形式表示被動意義。 The shirt washes well. 這件襯衫很好洗。 The book sells well. 這本書賣得很好。,二,三,四,一,五,(2)smell,taste,feel,look,sound,prove,turn out,wear,blow等常用作連系動詞,后接形容詞作表語,用主動形式表示被動意義。 Her voice sounds beautiful. 她的嗓音聽起來很美妙。 (3)open,close,lock,move,keep等,常與won’t,can’t,wouldn’t,hardly,scarcely等連用;表示“開始,結(jié)束”的動詞,如:begin,start,finish,end等,常用主動形式表示被動意義。 Work began at 7 o’clock this morning. 今天早上7點鐘開始工作。 The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day. 這個商店每天下午6點關門。,二,三,四,一,五,4.有些非謂語動詞以主動形式出現(xiàn),表示被動意義。常見的有: (1)be to blame,be to seek,be to let等。 I am to blame. 我該受責備。 (2)need/want/require/deserve/stand/bear等后接doing。 The library needs repairing. 圖書館需要修一修。 (3)“be+easy/difficult/hard/heavy/light/dangerous/pleasant/comfortable/fit/interesting/expensive.+to do”。 The question is easy to answer. 這問題容易(被)回答。,二,三,四,一,五,5.“get+過去分詞”表被動 “get + 過去分詞”也能用于被動結(jié)構或系表結(jié)構,用于被動結(jié)構時,它強調(diào)動作的發(fā)生;用于系表結(jié)構時,它強調(diào)狀態(tài)的變化。 (1)談論某人或某物的客觀遭遇,往往表示一種突然的、未曾料到的偶發(fā)事件或事故。 He got killed when he was crossing the road.過馬路時他被車撞死了。 (2)談論設法或終于做到令人稱心的事,說話者帶有較強的感情色彩。當主語是人時,?？稍趃et和過去分詞之間插入一個反身代詞。 She got (herself) paid before she went on holiday.她在休假前(設法)領到了工資。 (3)使自己進入或變?yōu)槟撤N狀態(tài),或表示引起心理和情感上的變化。 He went out and got drunk.他出去喝醉了酒。 I got surprised at the news.這消息使我吃驚。,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真題變式訓練) 1.The twins,who (finish) their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground. 2.—Hi,let’s go skating. —Sorry,I’m busy right now.I (fill) in an application form for a new job. 3.—What time is it? —I have no idea.But just a minute,I (check) it for you. 4.I found the lecture hard to follow because it (start) when I arrived. 5.Unless some extra money (find),the theatre will close. 6.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody (see) them since. 7.James has just arrived,but I didn’t know he (come) until yesterday.,had finished,am filling,will check,had started,is found,has seen,was coming,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,8.We won’t start the work until all the preparations (make). 9.—Tony,why are your eyes red? —I (cut) up peppers for the last five minutes. 10.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we (expect).,have been made,have been cutting,had expected,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ.單句改錯 1.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people persuade to eat more fruit and vegetables. 2.Sarah,hurry up.I’m afraid you wouldn’t have time to get to change before the party. 3.She is one of the best students in her class and she was won an award for young scientists last year. 4.I splash water on my face,get dressing,and step out into the mild autumn day.,答案:persuade→are persuaded,答案:to change→changed,答案:去掉was,答案:dressing→dressed,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,5.It is seemed recently that more and more of my friends are facing some seemingly unbeatable challenges in their lives. 6.It is this personality that helps me win over all my classmates’ friendships,and also help me overcome many difficulties both in academic and personal life. 7.Make sure you understood the signs and you won’t get into any trouble. 8.Last summer I went to Xi’an with my parents.We had visited many places of interest though the temperature was over 38℃.,答案:is seemed→seems,答案:help→helps,答案:understood→understand,答案:去掉had,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,9.First of all,allow me to introduce myself.I had just graduated from high school and taken the University Entrance Examination. 10.“The moment comes soon,” he thought to himself,waiting nervously.,答案:had→have,答案:comes→is coming,