必修五Unit3Lifeinthefuture-Grammar2222[新人教版課件]

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1、人 教 課 標(biāo) 版 高 二 必 修 5 Unit 3 Look at the sentence in the reading passage.In the sentence the past participle is used as the adverbial. It is a way of joining two clauses together: As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for

2、 the first few days. 過 去 分 詞 是 非 謂 語 動 詞 的 一 種 形式 ,表 示 完 成 和 被 動 的 動 作 。 它 在 句 子中 可 以 充 當(dāng) 狀 語 、 定 語 等 成 分 。 過 去 分 詞 與 現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 作 狀 語 過 去 分 詞 表 完 成 、 被 動 , 與 主 句 主 語 之間 是 被 動 關(guān) 系 ; 現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 表 進(jìn) 行 , 主 動 , 與 主 句 主 語 之間 是 主 動 關(guān) 系 。 如 果 一 個 被 動 的 動 作 發(fā) 生 在 謂 語 動 詞之 前 , 則 可 使 用 現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 的 完 成 被 動 式 或 過去 分 詞

3、。attention 過 去 分 詞 表 完 成 、 被 動 , 作 狀 語時 , 其 邏 輯 主 語 是 主 句 的 主 語 , 且 與 主語 之 間 存 在 著 被 動 關(guān) 系 。 過 去 分 詞 作狀 語 可 表 時 間 , 原 因 , 讓 步 , 結(jié) 果 , 方 式 , 條 件 等 。 觀 察 下 列 的 句 子 :Once published, his works (=Once his works was published, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. PP作 時 間 狀 語 ,

4、 相 當(dāng) 于 一 個 時 間 狀 語從 句 有 時 過 去 分 詞 前 可 加 連 詞 when或while來 強(qiáng) 調(diào) 時 間 概 念 。 過 去 分 詞 作 時 間 狀 語1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into water.相 當(dāng) 于 時 間 狀 語 從 句 ， 有 時 為 了 突 出時 間 ， 可 在 分 詞 前 加 when或 while。 2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowfl

5、ake has a delicate six-pointed. Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. 過 去 分 詞 作 原 因 狀 語1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.相 當(dāng)

6、于 表 示 原 因 的 狀 語 從 句 。 2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. 過 去 分 詞 作 條 件 或 者 假 設(shè) 狀 語1.If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown

7、better.前 面 可 帶 if， unless等 從 屬 連詞 ， 相 當(dāng) 于 條 件 狀 語 從 句 。 2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 作 方 式 或 伴 隨 情 況 狀 語1.The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.沒 有

8、相 當(dāng) 的 狀 語 從 句 可 以 代 替 。 2. She sat by the window, lost in thought. She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought. lost 表 示 一 種 迷 失 心 理 狀 態(tài) 1) 過 去 分 詞 在 句 子 中 可 以 作 時 間 狀 語 、原 因 狀 語 、 伴 隨 狀 語 、 條 件 狀 語 和讓 步 狀 語 等 。2) 過 去 分 詞 作 狀 語 時 ,過 去 分 詞 的 邏 輯主 語 與 句 子 主 語 一 致 。Summary 過 去 分 詞 作 狀 語 :過 去 分 詞

9、 有 兩 大 特 點(diǎn) ：1. 表 示 被 動 的 動 作 ；2. 表 示 已 經(jīng) 完 成 的 動 作 , 因 此 , 當(dāng) 過 去 分詞 作 狀 語 的 時 候 一 定 要 搞 清 楚 分 詞 與主 語 的 邏 輯 關(guān) 系 被 動 。 Rewrite with proper conjunctions.1. United we stand, divided we fail. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided, we will fail. 2. Asked what had happened, he told us abou

10、t it. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.3. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures. 4. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much b

11、etter. If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 5. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. 6. Deeply interested in medicine, she deci

12、ded to become a doctor. Because she was deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.7. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all. 用 過 去 分 詞 作 狀 語 來 改 寫 句 子 。1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unse

13、ttled for the first few days. _, I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey 2. If he is given time, hell make a first-class tennis player. _, hell make a first-class tennis player.3) As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. _, I was hit by

14、the lack of fresh air.Given timeConfused by the new surroundings 4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. _ _, he became tense. Questioned by th police about the fire Find out the sentences with same meaning.1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for t

15、he first few days. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. 2. While I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. Confused by the new surrounding, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.3. As I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.

16、Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. 1. Following the old man, we went upstairs.we followed (跟 著 那 個 老 人 , 我 們 上 去 了 )2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were) (被 那 個 老 人 跟 著 , 我 們 上 去 了 )Compare （ 伴 隨 ）（ 伴 隨 ） 3. 從 上 面 看 , 體 育 場 好 像 一 個 鳥 巢 。 _ from the top, the stadium lo

17、oks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen4. 從 太 空 看 , 宇 航 員 看 不 到 長 城 。 _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen Difference between the Present Participleand the Past Participle_for a long time, the book looks old.由 于 用 了 很 長 時 間 ， 這 本 書 看 上 去 很 舊 。_ the book,

18、 I find it useful. 在 使 用 的 過 程 中 ， 我 發(fā) 現(xiàn) 這 本 書 很 有 用 。 _ at her, he jumped with joy._ at by her, he jumped with joy.UsedUsingLookingLooked 【 注 意 】 選 擇 現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 還 是 過 去 分 詞 ， 關(guān)鍵 看 主 句 的 主 語 。 如 分 詞 的 動 作 是 主句 的 主 語 發(fā) 出 ， 分 詞 就 選 用 現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 ，反 之 就 用 過 去 分 詞 。 Complete each sentence using the Past Partic

19、iple of the right verb. 1) _ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dare to sleep in her room.2) The lady returned home, _ by two policemen.frighten trap follow shootFrightened followed 3) If _ in a burning building, you should send for help.4) Although _in the leg, he continued firing at the po

20、lice.trapped shot 過 去 分 詞 作 定 語 過 去 分 詞 作 定 語 與 其 所 修 飾 的 詞 之 間存 在 著 邏 輯 上 的 被 動 關(guān) 系 ,且 表 示 該 動 作已 經(jīng) 完 成 。 單 個 的 過 去 分 詞 作 定 語 , 通常 置 于 被 修 飾 的 詞 的 前 面 , 而 分 詞 短 語作 定 語 , 則 須 置 于 被 修 飾 詞 的 后 面 。Attention 1. Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest. 上 星 期 我 們 組 織 了 一 次 去 森 林 的 旅 行 。2. A

21、 letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 今 天 發(fā) 出 的 信 后 天 就 能 收 到 。3. Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples health. 受 到 污 染 的 空 氣 和 水 對 人 的 健 康 是 有害 的 。 分詞作定語可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句:He worked as a worker building roads. (主動) = He worked as a worker who/ that built roads. This is a pictur

22、e painted by my father. (被動) = This is a picture which was painted by my father. I know the young man sleeping on the bench. (在進(jìn)行) = I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. (已完成) = The letter which was mailed last night will reach him t

23、omorrow. 過 去 分 詞 短 語 有 時 亦 可 用 作 非 限 制 性 定語 ， 前 后 常 有 逗 號 。 Some of them, born and brought up in country villages, had never seen a train. 他 們 當(dāng) 中 有 一 些 人 , 生 長 在 農(nóng) 村 ， 從未 見 過 火 車 。 過 去 分 詞 作 定 語 有 前 置 和 后 置 兩 種 情 況 :單 個 的 過 去 分 詞 作 定 語 , 通 常 放 在 被 修飾 的 名 詞 之 前 , 表 示 被 動 和 完 成 意 義 。1. 前 置 定 語 A.被 動

24、意 義 ：an honored guest 一 位 受 尊 敬 的 客 人 (受 傷 的 工 人 )are now being taken good care of in the hospital.B. 完 成 意 義a retired teacher 一 位 退 休 的 教 師They are cleaning (落葉 ) in the yard.The injured workersthe fallen leaves 2.后 置 定 語 過 去 分 詞 短 語 作 定 語 時 , 通 常 放 在 被修 飾 的 名 詞 之 后 , 它 的 作 用 相 當(dāng) 于 一 個定 語 從 句 。This

25、 will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=Who were the so-called guests invited (= ) to your party last night?that has ever been writtenwho had been invited 如 果 被 修 飾 的 詞 是 由 every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所 構(gòu) 成 的 復(fù) 合 代 詞 或 指示 代 詞 those等 時 ， 即 使 一 個 單 一 的 分 詞作 形 容 詞 用 ， 也 要 放 在 被 修 飾 詞 的

26、后 面 。 例 如 ： Is there anything unsolved? There is noting changed here since I left this town. 【 注 意 】 1. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing考 點(diǎn) 點(diǎn) 撥 簡 析 : 首 先 ,根 據(jù) 語 法 分 析 可 知 ,待 選 部分 是 一 個 作 定 語 、 修

27、飾 The Olympic Games的 后 置 分 詞 短 語 ; 再 根 據(jù) The Olympic Games 對 于 動 詞 play 來 說只 能 是 被 動 承 受 , 且 已 完 成 (in 776 B. C.)。 因 此 ,該 題 應(yīng) 選 C。 2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 簡 析 : 該 題 應(yīng) 選 B。 測 試 過 去 分 詞 作后 置 定 語 表 達(dá) 被 動 , 等 于 定 語 從 句 which is spoken。 3. Most o

28、f the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 簡 析 : 該 題 應(yīng) 選 A。 測 試 過 去 分 詞 作 后置 定 語 表 達(dá) 被 動 , 等 于 定 語 從 句 who were invited。 4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C

29、. having opened D. opened 簡 析 : 該 題 應(yīng) 選 D。 測 試 過 去 分 詞 短 語作 定 語 放 在 所 修 飾 的 名 詞 后 , 可 以 用非 限 制 性 定 語 從 句 “ which was opened last year”代 替 。 5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written

30、 簡 析 : 該 題 應(yīng) 選 D。 測 試 過 去 分 詞 作 后置 定 語 表 達(dá) 被 動 , 等 于 定 語 從 句 which were written。 另 外 , 分 詞 作 狀 語 時 , 如 果 其 邏 輯主 語 與 整 個 句 子 的 主 語 不 一 致 時 , 需要 獨(dú) 立 主 格 結(jié) 構(gòu) 或 with復(fù) 合 結(jié) 構(gòu) 來 替代 。 (此 時 , 也 可 把 該 分 詞 看 成 介 詞 的賓 語 補(bǔ) 足 語 。 ) 例 : The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B

31、. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 簡 析 : 很 顯 然 ,待 選 部 分 的 邏 輯 主 語 是 his hands,而 不 是 句 子 的 主 語 The murderer,而 his hands 對 于 動 詞 tie來 說 , 只 能 是 被動 承 受 。 因 此 , 該 題 應(yīng) 選 D。 6. When _ if she would request a rise, the actress said that money was not important. A. asked B. asking C. having asked D. being a

32、sked 7. Yesterday I saw in the newspaper a teaching post _ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it. A. advertises B. advertising C. advertised D. to advertise 【 作 表 語 】 分 詞 作 表 語 相 當(dāng) 于 形 容 詞 ， 現(xiàn) 在分 詞 多 指 主 語 的 性 質(zhì) ， 過 去 分 詞 說 明主 語 的 狀 態(tài) 。The news looks quite encouraging.這 消 息 看 來 振

33、 奮 人 心 。They were completely exhausted.他 們 完 全 筋 疲 力 盡 了 。 1. I like reading the novels _ (write) by Zhang Ailing.2. The girl _ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin.3. There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _ (repair).writtenwriting repairedFilling in the blanks. 4. I want t

34、he doors of my new house _ (paint) white.5. There was a _ (surprise) look on his face.6. He was _ (excite) at the good news. 7. The story was so _ (move) that he was _ (move) to tears.painted surprisedexcited movingmoved 用 括 號 內(nèi) 所 給 動 詞 的 適 當(dāng) 形 式 填 空 。 1. _ (use) in this way, the word shouldnt be ta

35、ken as a verb. 2. _ (arm) with special guns, knives and brushes, two space walking astronauts practiced fixing the spacecraft. 3. Though _ (catch) in a traffic jam, we managed to arrive at the airport. UsedArmed caught 4. Susan is not easy to get along with. But once _ (gain), her friendship will la

36、st forever. 5. Henry didnt attend the party _ (hold) at Toms house last night, for he was busy preparing for his exam. gained held 從 A、 B、 C、 D中 選 出 最 佳 選 項(xiàng) 。1. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (全 國 2002)A. begins B. having begunC. Beginning D. begun D 2. _ t

37、o sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (上 海 2002)A. Exposed B. Having exposedC. Being exposed D. After being exposed 3. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. (2002 北 京 春 )A. are bought B. boughtC. been bought D. buyingC B 4. When first _ to the m

38、arket, these products enjoyed great success. (2004 全 國 卷 II)A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced5. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (湖 北 2004)A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared BD 6. When _ help, one ofte

39、n says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.” (福建 2005)A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 7. _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (四 川 2006)A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face DA 8. _ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.

40、(浙 江 2007)A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 9. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. (四 川 2007)A. watered B. wateringC. water D. to waterA A 10. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (陜 西 2008)A. Having shown B. B. To be shownC. Having been shownD. To showC