2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò) 專題57 書(shū)面表達(dá)圖表類（含解析）.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò) 專題57 書(shū)面表達(dá)圖表類（含解析） 高考頻度：★★★★★ 圖表作文要求將圖表形式的信息轉(zhuǎn)化成段落文字信息。信息以圖表的形式呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，考生需要弄清所給的圖表、數(shù)據(jù)、標(biāo)題及文字說(shuō)明等各種信息之間的關(guān)系，通過(guò)分析、研究提煉和確定文章的中心思想，得出令人信服的結(jié)論。圖表作文中所說(shuō)的圖主要有曲線圖、餅狀圖和柱狀圖等；而表則一般是統(tǒng)計(jì)表。 圖表類書(shū)面表達(dá)常以曲線圖形式、流程圖形式、柱形圖形式、餅式圖形式、數(shù)據(jù)表格形式及平面圖形式出現(xiàn)。這類題型具有文字少、信息簡(jiǎn)潔、要點(diǎn)分散等特征。圖表類書(shū)面表達(dá)在近年的高考中時(shí)有出現(xiàn)，主要是一些關(guān)于情況調(diào)查、生產(chǎn)、銷售、發(fā)展進(jìn)程等各種項(xiàng)目統(tǒng)計(jì)的示意圖。這類統(tǒng)計(jì)圖在日常生活中應(yīng)用得非常廣泛，因此，讀懂它并能用英語(yǔ)清晰地表述出來(lái)具有很強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。圖表作文主要是介紹或說(shuō)明某方面的情況，文體上屬于說(shuō)明文?？忌鷳?yīng)按照說(shuō)明文的形式和特點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作。由于這類試題文字少、信息簡(jiǎn)潔，如果只是把圖表中的內(nèi)容一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地記敘出來(lái)，進(jìn)行清單式的羅列，就會(huì)索然乏味，并且達(dá)不到字?jǐn)?shù)要求。因此，對(duì)于這類形式的書(shū)面表達(dá)，考生首先要根據(jù)圖表前的文字說(shuō)明，弄清楚圖表的性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容、規(guī)律，并做到如下幾點(diǎn)： 1.細(xì)讀圖表，抓住特征 圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息往往較多，首先要讀懂其中的符號(hào)和數(shù)字所代表的意思。然后，從圖表的整體著手，認(rèn)真分析各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)，抓住其主要特征，弄懂它們所揭示的規(guī)律。經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有：table，chart，figure，graph，describe，tell，show，represent等。 2.認(rèn)真審讀，確定主題 認(rèn)真審讀試題所提供的數(shù)據(jù)信息，結(jié)合文字提示，確定短文的主題。短文的主題往往隱含在圖表中，需要考生從圖表數(shù)據(jù)中概括出事情或事件的規(guī)律和特征，然后歸納出主題。有時(shí)，試題給出了短文的題目，也就等于為考生點(diǎn)明了主題。 3.巧用數(shù)據(jù)，突出主題 引用數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明基本趨勢(shì)，比較數(shù)據(jù)揭示基本特征。由于圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息較多，寫(xiě)作時(shí)要巧妙地引用一些數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)說(shuō)明主題，不要作任何發(fā)揮。表達(dá)時(shí)，既要包含所有要點(diǎn)，但又不能面面俱到。經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有：rise，drop，reduce，increase，decrease，fall，while，but，on the contrary，however，pare...to/with...，in contrast to，as...as，the same as，similar to，different from，difference between，among，more than，less than等。 4.詞句多變，表達(dá)靈活 由于圖表數(shù)據(jù)比較單調(diào)，很容易使人選用相同的詞語(yǔ)和句式進(jìn)行表達(dá)，結(jié)果文章顯得很乏味。因此，寫(xiě)作時(shí)要盡量避免重復(fù)使用同一詞語(yǔ)或句型，選擇一些異曲同工的詞語(yǔ)和句式來(lái)表達(dá)。 5.適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，表明觀點(diǎn) 圖表類書(shū)面表達(dá)有時(shí)要求考生在對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析、對(duì)比后，簡(jiǎn)單地談?wù)勛约旱目捶ɑ蛱岢鼋ㄗh，這屬于讓考生自主發(fā)揮的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分?？忌谠摬糠株愂鲎约旱目捶?，表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，提出解決問(wèn)題的方法或建議。表述觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，可以引用人們普遍的觀點(diǎn)，也可說(shuō)出自己獨(dú)到的見(jiàn)解。借題發(fā)揮時(shí)，不可偏離主題，只要把觀點(diǎn)表述清楚即可，不必作更多的解釋或說(shuō)明。經(jīng)常使用的詞有：in a word，in short, generally speaking，It’s clear from the chart that...，we can draw the conclusion that...，we can learn/know...等。 一、寫(xiě)作技巧 對(duì)于圖表作文，寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容主要包括三個(gè)方面：描述圖表信息＋從中總結(jié)出變化規(guī)律＋提出建議或解決 之道(這一部分可以根據(jù)實(shí)際要求進(jìn)行取舍)。 準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程中，應(yīng)著重從以下幾個(gè)方面入手。 1. 讀出圖表所傳達(dá)的信息，并對(duì)信息進(jìn)行分類 將圖表所傳達(dá)的信息進(jìn)行全面的轉(zhuǎn)換，并根據(jù)不同的項(xiàng)目對(duì)信息進(jìn)行分類，這是進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)整合的基礎(chǔ)， 這一過(guò)程中要盡量確保信息全面。 2. 整合信息，總結(jié)規(guī)律/分析原因 信息經(jīng)過(guò)分類之后，以某一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為參照(比如時(shí)間、地域等)，總結(jié)出同一對(duì)象在不同時(shí)間/地域/…… 下的變化規(guī)律，或通過(guò)對(duì)同類信息的對(duì)比分析出問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的原因。找出規(guī)律/原因是解決問(wèn)題/提出建議的基礎(chǔ)。 3. 數(shù)據(jù)處理 對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理時(shí)，要根據(jù)題干的要求，著重處理差異比較大或變化比較明顯的信息。這樣呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)才能有所側(cè)重，寫(xiě)的時(shí)候才能有詳略之分。 4. 段落構(gòu)建 一般而言，圖表作文可分為三個(gè)段落來(lái)寫(xiě)。第一個(gè)段落點(diǎn)明調(diào)查/統(tǒng)計(jì)對(duì)象并進(jìn)行圖表信息的轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn) 換過(guò)程中需要注意的是信息的取舍和詳略程度。第二段主要是根據(jù)信息總結(jié)出規(guī)律或找出問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的原因。 第三段則主要是建議的提出或解決方法的提出。其中第一段和第二段是重點(diǎn)段落，第三段可根據(jù)題干要求 進(jìn)行取舍。 二、常用詞匯 1. 點(diǎn)明圖表所反映的主題時(shí)常用的詞匯： table 表格，chart 圖表，diagram 圖解/示意圖，figure圖形/數(shù)字，describe 描述，tell 告訴，show 表明， represent 描繪/展示，indicate 顯示 2. 分析數(shù)據(jù)差異及變化趨勢(shì)時(shí)常用的詞匯： （1）表示上升或增加的：rise, increase, go up （2）表示下降或減少的：decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down （3）表示變化特點(diǎn)的：sharply 急劇地，quickly 迅速地，rapidly 快速地，dramatically 戲劇性地，slowly 緩慢地，gradually 逐漸地。 （4）表示比較的：pared different from, difference between, while, contrary, however, more than, less than。 三、常用句式 1. 點(diǎn)明主題時(shí)： I have recently made/conducted/carried out a survey about... among... Last week, we made/conducted/carried out a survey on… A survey has been made/conducted/carried out on… 2. 呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)/分析原因時(shí)： （1）呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)： The above table/chart/graph shows that… As can be seen from the pie chart... From the table/chart/graph we can see… （2）分析原因： There are several reasons that account for this phenomenon. A number of factors account for (contribute to/lead to/result in) the change (phenomenon/increase)． The main reason for such a change is... 3. 發(fā)表看法/提出建議時(shí)： Personally/In my opinion/As far as I’m concerned/From my point of view... It is high time that we... 四、寫(xiě)作模板 Recently a survey has been done to find out_________(所要表達(dá)的主題)。As is shown in the pie chart_________(表中的內(nèi)容一)，________(表中的內(nèi)容二)，________(表中的內(nèi)容三) and ________(表中的內(nèi)容四). In conclusion, the survey shows that_________(總體規(guī)律、趨勢(shì)或呈現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題)。Many factors contribute to the problem. One is that ___________（原因一）. Another is that________（原因二）. In my opinion_________(自己的觀點(diǎn))。 題組一（高考真題） Writing 1(xx江蘇卷) 請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面有關(guān)我國(guó)電影票房收入（box-office ine）的柱狀圖及相關(guān)文字，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。 Saturday Afternoon. In a Shopping Centre. Li Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which movie shall we see? Su Hua: Whatever. We’ve got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga, Journey to the West…Each sounds great! Li Jiang: Yeah! And some movie stars are fantastic. Su Hua: And the high-tech!... Li Jiang: Perfect! Let’s get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left. Su Hua: No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor. One Day in xx. At Home. Son: Mum, shall we go and see a film tonight? Mother: Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It’s convenient with our new and faster network Son: But it feels good in a cinema. Mother: And the price… We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket. Son: Only 10 yuan more than last year. Mother: But still we cannot get the money’s worth. Some films are just boring… 【寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容】 1. 用約30個(gè)單詞概述柱狀圖信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2. 我國(guó)電影票房收入變化的原因有哪些，簡(jiǎn)要談?wù)勀愕目捶ǎㄉ鲜鰧?duì)話僅供參考，原因不少于兩點(diǎn)）； 3. 談?wù)勀銓?duì)我國(guó)電影票房收入走向的看法，并簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明理由。 【寫(xiě)作要求】 1. 寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句； 2. 作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3. 不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。 【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 Writing 2(xx上海卷) Directions: Write an English position in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假設(shè)你是中華中學(xué)學(xué)生姚平，最近參加了一項(xiàng)研究性學(xué)習(xí)調(diào)研，課題為＂父母是否以子女為榮＂。通過(guò)調(diào)研你校學(xué)生及其父母，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)雙方對(duì)此問(wèn)題的看法有差異（數(shù)據(jù)如圖所示）。根據(jù)圖表寫(xiě)一份報(bào)告，在報(bào)告中，你必須： 1.描述調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)； 2.分析可能導(dǎo)致這一結(jié)果的原因。 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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 3(xx江蘇卷) 請(qǐng)閱讀下面文字及圖表,并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。 【寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容】 1.用約30個(gè)單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2.結(jié)合上述信息，簡(jiǎn)要分析導(dǎo)致交通問(wèn)題的主要原因； 3.根據(jù)你的分析，從社會(huì)規(guī)范(rules and regulations)和個(gè)人行為兩方面談?wù)勀愕玫降膯⑹?不少于兩點(diǎn))。 【寫(xiě)作要求】 1.寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3.不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。 【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范,語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 題組二（xx年名校模擬題） Writing1(xx屆安徽省淮北市第一中學(xué)高三最后一卷) 假定你是李華，計(jì)劃高三畢業(yè)后的暑假，找份兼職工作。下面的招聘廣告引起了你的注意，請(qǐng)根據(jù)要點(diǎn)(箭頭所指內(nèi)容)寫(xiě)一封申請(qǐng)信。 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)使行文連貫。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 2(xx屆浙江省金華十校高三高考4月模擬考試) 你校的英國(guó)姊妹學(xué)校將于本周來(lái)校訪問(wèn)交流，假如你是校學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)備一份講話稿，向交流團(tuán)師生介紹一日活動(dòng)安排，內(nèi)容如下： 時(shí)間 地點(diǎn) 內(nèi)容 上午 報(bào)告廳 校史介紹 校園 參觀校園 下午 操場(chǎng) 中英學(xué)生足球賽 晚上 學(xué)校湖邊 英語(yǔ)晚會(huì) 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 3(xx屆江蘇省啟東中學(xué)高三月考) 你們學(xué)校學(xué)生會(huì)最近組織了一次＂有煩惱時(shí)向誰(shuí)傾訴？＂的調(diào)查活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，用英語(yǔ)給校報(bào)寫(xiě)一篇新聞稿，反映調(diào)查結(jié)果。 傾訴對(duì)象 同學(xué)和朋友 老師和家長(zhǎng) 沒(méi)有 百分比 61% 22% 17% 理由 同齡人容易交流和理解 老師家長(zhǎng)閱歷豐富，有生活和教育經(jīng)驗(yàn) 不愿和別人說(shuō)自己的事或難以與別人相處 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．信的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Editor， Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， The Student Union 題組一 Writing 1 【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】考查任務(wù)型讀寫(xiě)。此類作文對(duì)考生的能力要求極高。首先考生要以30詞左右概述短文內(nèi)容。接下來(lái)要分析票房收入變化的原因并給出自己的看法，并談?wù)勛约簩?duì)票房走向的看法。作文以第三人稱和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。 要點(diǎn)： 1. 概述：中國(guó)電影票房在xx年間呈現(xiàn)不斷增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)，但是xx年的增長(zhǎng)相比于前幾年很緩慢。 2. 分析原因：票房增長(zhǎng)與人們生活水平的不斷提高息息相關(guān)，人們有了多余的錢，才可能消費(fèi)、娛樂(lè)；另一方面，電影的制作技術(shù)日臻成熟，許多優(yōu)質(zhì)的電影不斷上映；再者，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及無(wú)疑起到了很大的宣傳作用。 3. 看法和理由：票房增速將會(huì)小幅上漲或有所回落。只要給出恰當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?，?duì)票房看漲或是看落皆可。 寫(xiě)30詞的概述時(shí)，語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)練、不拖沓。遣詞造句要符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，盡量用上定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與倒裝句等語(yǔ)法和句型。同時(shí)注意語(yǔ)句的連貫性。 【參考范文】 Possible version one： The box-office ine of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in xx to over 40 billion in xx. However, that increase slowed down in xx. The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before xx was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office ine. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth. China’s economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the ing years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office ine will probably enjoy a slight increase. (150 words) Possible version two： As is indicated in the graph, the box-office ine of Chinese films increased constantly from xx to xx, but its growth, for one reason or another, slowed down in xx. The increase in the box-office ine can be attributed to a number of factors. The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. Besides, filming technology has advanced and more quality films are on offer. Moreover, the Internet plays an important part. On the Internet, people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time-saving and economical. However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers. (150 words) Writing 2 【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】 本試題屬于圖表類調(diào)查報(bào)告。盡管題干給出了一些要點(diǎn)，同時(shí)對(duì)報(bào)告內(nèi)容作了詳細(xì)的要求，但是對(duì)考生的識(shí)圖能力、總結(jié)概括能力還是提出了很高的要求，尤其是分析原因這一方面使本試題可以規(guī)劃為半開(kāi)放式的文章。通過(guò)審題我么可以知道文章結(jié)構(gòu)很簡(jiǎn)單。第一段重點(diǎn)對(duì)調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行描述；第二段分析可能導(dǎo)致這一結(jié)果的原因。 【參考范文】 Recently, I took part in an inquiry learning research, whose topic is whether parents are proud of their children. After doing the research into the students in my school andtheirparents, I found that thereisa big difference between the two sides. 80%oftheparentsthink that they areproudoftheirchildrenwhile 60%ofthe students think thattheirparentsareproudofthem. As far as I am concerned, the reasons why theparentsandtheirchildrenhave different opinions on the same questionareas follows. Firstly, thereisonly one child in most families. Therefore, theparentspay more attention totheirchildren than themselves. Secondly, thechildrenareaccustomed to the love given bytheirparents. Thirdly, thechildrenare not confident of themselves thinking that they are not excellent to make their parents proud of them. Writing 3 【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】 寫(xiě)作前，考生應(yīng)該先認(rèn)真分析材料。寫(xiě)作時(shí)，注意第一段用30個(gè)單詞概括材料內(nèi)容，第二段寫(xiě)導(dǎo)致交通問(wèn)題的原因；第三段從社會(huì)規(guī)則和個(gè)人行為入手進(jìn)行現(xiàn)象分析，從中得到啟示。詞數(shù)在150左右，以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)作為中心時(shí)態(tài)，內(nèi)容健康向上，情節(jié)完整，書(shū)寫(xiě)工整，卷面保持整潔。為使行文緊湊，過(guò)渡自然，可在文中穿插使用一些過(guò)渡性詞匯或短語(yǔ)。 推薦用語(yǔ)：not only...but also; threaten; quite a few; give rise to; in spite of; because of; the number of; what’s worse; in fact; related to; keep... in order 【參考范文】 The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples. Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What’s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules. In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and being on the right track. 題組二 Writing 1 Dear Mr. Smith, I’ve read your advertisement for an assistant teacher for a children’s summer camp. I’m very interested in this position and I think my personality and experience will qualify me for the job. To begin with, I gain much experience of working with children from my part-time job as a babysitter. Besides, I have been a helpful assistant for both my English teacher and my classmates. More importantly, I can speak English fluently, which will help me work with native teachers from England. I will be available for the work on evenings and weekends and can start working from the end of this term. I would really appreciate it if you could give me this opportunity. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua Writing 2 Dear friends, Wele to our school! I am Li Hua, chairman of the students’ union. I am greatly honored to receive you here. Here is a schedule for your visit. In the morning you will be shown around our school and listen to an introduction of the school history in the lecture hall. After lunch, there’ll be a football match between British and Chinese students on the playground. Students from both of our schools are wele to join in. In the evening, we’ll have a party by the school lake. Wish you to have lots of fun here! Thank you! Writing 3 Dear Editor， Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows. 61% of the students surveyed go to friends and classmates as their ideal listeners when they have trouble. The primary reason lies in the fact that they have a better understanding of each other(用動(dòng)詞understand和表語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)：1.The primary reason is that they better understand each other) so they can municate well with each other. Another 22% choose parents and teachers to talk to for in their opinion，teachers and parents are rich in life and education experience and they can offer them practical advice on how to deal with the trouble(改為簡(jiǎn)單句：2.teachers and parents are rich in life and education experience，offering them practical advice on how to deal with the trouble)．However, 17% don’t tell their trouble to anyone. For one thing，they don’t want to share their inner thoughts with others. For another thing，they find it hard to get along well with others(用neither... nor...改寫(xiě)成倒裝句：3.Neither do they want to share their inner thoughts with others and nor do they get along well with others)． Yours sincerely， The Student Union