2019年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題十六 推理判斷.doc

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2019年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題十六 推理判斷 Passage 1(xx湖北,C)體裁:說明文　詞數(shù):322 Working with a group of baboons(狒狒)in the Namibian desert,Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology,Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task,while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were,Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake. She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt,but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect,despite being made aware of what to do,they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did. The same held true for anxious baboons pared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not,even though they spent more time watching. This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals,something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive(認(rèn)知的)tasks not because they aren??t clever enough to solve them,but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information. The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don??t associate with the knowledgeable individuals,or they are too shy to use the information once they have it,information may not travel between all group members,preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning. 1.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.The significance of Dr.Carter??s research. B.The purpose of Dr.Carter??s research. C.The design of Dr.Carter??s research. D.The results of Dr.Carter??s research. 2.According to the research,which baboons are more likely to plete a new learning task? A.Those that feel anxious about learning. B.Those that like to work independently. C.Those that can avoid potential risks. D.Those that have more experience. 3.Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4? A.Some baboons perform new tasks but don??t concentrate. B.Some baboons observe others but don??t follow them. C.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities. D.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning. 4.Dr.Carter??s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through　　　. A.travelling between social groups B.understanding different people C.learning from each other D.storing information 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為說明文。題材為科普知識類。Alecia Carter博士對狒狒的學(xué)習(xí)行為進(jìn)行研究后發(fā)現(xiàn):性格對動物的社會學(xué)習(xí)行為有很重要的影響。 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C Passage 2(xx湖北,D)體裁:說明文　詞數(shù):397 You??ve flown halfway around the world;you??ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of;so what on earth is there to do here?You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand. It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee.By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out,it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland. Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin,about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok,down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand.Not many tourists find this place,and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along. There??s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.It??s what this place offers,and it??s free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest.You sit there and watch the sea. It??s early afternoon,so the cook es out and asks what you??d like to eat this evening.Before long he??s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to order.No menu here. There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm,clear blue sea.There??s no street noise.The only sounds are the murmurs of nature. For now you just count your blessings(福祉),listing them in the sand with your toe(腳趾).You don??t have to worry about being late for work.You don??t have to do anything. The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon(地平線),slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left,now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you.Sand to your left and sand to your right;it??s unbroken,endless.No start,no end,just sand,sun,and peace.Step off it,and you re-enter the world of traffic,stress,work,and hurry. Normally you??re the type who can??t sit still for more than ten minutes,but you??re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and,in the right frame of mind,it stretches all the way around the world. “How could it take me so long to find it?”you wonder. 1.When the author first went to Huaplee Beach,　　　. A.he had difficulty in finding it B.he became sensitive to smell C.he failed to sort himself out D.he found it unworthwhile 2.What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach? A.Quick delivery. B.Self service. C.Free food. D.No menu. 3.In the author??s opinion,a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he　　　. A.draws pictures in the sand B.plans a detailed schedule C.forgets his daily routine D.sits in a beach chair 4.What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage? A.He should have e to the place earlier. B.He shouldn??t have spent so much time on the trip. C.He should have understood the wonder of nature. D.He shouldn??t have counted his blessings. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為說明文。題材為觀光旅游類。文章介紹了作者在Huaplee Beach旅游時的所見、所聞、所感。 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A Passage 3(xx課標(biāo)Ⅰ,A)體裁:應(yīng)用文　詞數(shù):204 The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge! The Cambridge Science Festival(CSF)is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites,even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world. Students are being dared to draw a picture,write an article,take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge,all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival,MIT Museum,265 Mass Avenue,Cambridge 02139 by Friday,February 8th. Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served. Between March 10th and March 15th,each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at:cambridgesciencefestival.org. 1.Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge? 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 A.School students. B.Cambridge locals. C.CSF winners. D.MIT artists. 2.When will the prize-giving ceremony be held? A.On February 8th. B.On March 10th. C.On March 15th. D.On April 21st. 3.What type of writing is this text? A.An exhibition guide. B.An art show review. C.An announcement. D.An official report. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為應(yīng)用文,題材為新聞廣告類。本文介紹了劍橋科學(xué)節(jié)即將舉辦的一項鼓勵學(xué)生們參加的好奇心挑戰(zhàn)活動。要想了解一下該活動的情況就請閱讀本文吧。 1.A 2.D 3.C Passage 4(xx課標(biāo)Ⅰ,C)體裁:記敘文　詞數(shù):298 A typical lion tamer(馴獸師)in people??s mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention,but it??s mostly for show.In reality,it??s the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion??s face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion bees confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achieve(e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can??t focus or that we??re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesn??t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face,remember this:All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go,something you want to acplish,someone you want to bee...take immediate action.If you??re clear about where you want to go,the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. 1.Why does the lion tamer use a chair? A.To trick the lion. B.To show off his skills. C.To get ready for a fight. D.To entertain the audience. 2.In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair? A.They feel puzzled over choices. B.They hold on to the wrong things. C.They find it hard to make changes. D.They have to do something for show. 3.What is the author??s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3? A.Tolerant. B.Doubtful. C.Respectful. D.Supportive. 4.When the world is “waving a chair in your face”,you??re advised to 　　　. A.wait for a better chance B.break your old habits C.make a quick decision D.ask for clear guidance 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文是議論文,題材為社會文化類。每個人都會有自己的目標(biāo),在實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的過程中我們會不斷地面對各種選擇。在這些選擇面前每個人的表現(xiàn)不盡相同,怎么做才是最佳選擇呢? 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C Passage 5(xx課標(biāo)Ⅱ,B)體裁:說明文　詞數(shù):235 Since the first Earth Day in 1970,Americans have gotten a lot “greener”toward the environment.“We didn??t know at that time that there even was an environment,let alone that there was a problem with it,”says Bruce Anderson,president of Earth Day USA. But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people,political leaders,university professors,and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many,many times,”says Gaylord Nelson,the former governor from Wisconsin,who thought up the first Earth Day. According to US government reports,emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with,the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has bee part of practices. Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs;today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights,motors,and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. Twenty-five years ago,there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today,it??s hard to find a public school,university,or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that,nothing else will change!”says Bruce Anderson. 1.According to Anderson,before 1970,Americans had little idea about　　　. A.the social movement B.recycling techniques C.environmental problems D.the importance of Earth Day 2.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly e from? A.The grass-roots level. B.The business circle. C.Government officials. D.University professors. 3.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A.They have cut car emissions to the lowest. B.They have settled their environmental problems. C.They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. D.They have reduced pollution through effective measures. 4.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A.Education. B.Planning. C.Green living. D.CO reduction. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為說明文,題材是節(jié)能環(huán)保類。作者闡述了自1970年以來,美國在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面所取得的成就。 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A Passage 6(xx北京,B)體裁:記敘文　詞數(shù):345 The Brown Bear My wife Laura and I were on the beach,with three of our children,taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear.The bear was thin and small,moving aimlessly. Just a few minutes later,I heard my daughter shouting,“Dad!The bear is right behind us!”An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute.This one was silent and its ears pinned back—the sign(跡象)of an animal that is going in for the kill.And it was a cold April day.The bear behaved abnormally,probably because of hunger. I held my camera tripod(三腳架)in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me.Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders,and the tripod stuck across its mouth.It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight.I knew I would not be able to hold it for long. Even so,this was a fight I had to win:I was all that stood between the bear and my family,who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear. The bear hit at the camera,cutting it off the tripod.I raised my left arm to protect my face;the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side.My arm could not move,and I sensed that my bones were going to break. Drawing back my free hand,I struck the bear as hard as I could for five or six times.The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur,trying to push it away.I was actually wrestling(扭打)with the bear at this point.Then,as suddenly as it had begun,the fight ended.The bear moved back towards the forest,before returning for another attack—the first time I felt panic. Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat,the bear moved off,destroying a fence as it went.My arm was injured,but the oute for us could hardly have been better.I??m proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different oute. 1.The brown bear approached the family in order to　　　. A.catch shore birds B.start an attack C.protect the children D.set up a barrier for itself 2.The bear finally went away after it　　　. A.felt safe B.got injured C.found some food D.took away the camera 3.The writer and his family survived mainly due to their　　　. A.pride B.patience C.calmness D.cautiousness 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為記敘文,題材為人物故事。講述了作者一家在海灘遭遇棕熊的攻擊,雖然作者受傷但是熊最終還是離開了。 1.B 2.A 3.C Passage 7(xx天津,B)體裁:說明文　詞數(shù):352 A world-famous Canadian author,Margaret Atwood,has created the world??s first long-distance signing device(裝置),the LongPen. After many tiring book-signing tours from city to city,Atwood thought there must be a better way to do them.She hired some technical experts and started her own pany in xx.Together they designed the LongPen.Here??s how it works:The author writes a personal message and signature on a puter tablet(手寫板)using a special pen.On the receiving end,in another city,a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the book.The author and fan can talk with each other via webcams(網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī))and puter screens. Work on the LongPen began in Atwood??s basement(地下室).At first,they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be.The device went through several versions,including one that actually had smoke ing out of it.The inventing finally pleted,test runs were made in Ottawa,and the LongPen was officially launched at the xx London Book Fair.From here,Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latest book for fans in Toronto and New York City. The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because it copies the movement of the author in real time.It has several other potential applications.It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province.The video exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used. “It??s really fun,”said the owner of a bookstore,who was present for one of the test runs.“Obviously you can??t shake hands with the author,but there are chances for a connection that you don??t get from a regular book signing.” The response to the invention hasn??t been all favorable.Atwood has received criticism from authors who think she??s trying to end book tours.But she said,“It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldn??t afford it.” 1.Why did Atwood decide to invent the LongPen? A.To set up her own pany. B.To win herself greater popularity. C.To write her books in a new way. D.To make book signings less tiring. 2.How does the LongPen work? A.It copies the author??s signature and prints it on a book. B.It signs a book while receiving the author??s signature. C.The webcam sends the author??s signature to another city. D.The fan uses it to copy the author??s signature himself. 3.What do we know about the invention of the LongPen? A.It has been pleted but not put into use. B.The basement caught fire by accident. C.Some versions failed before its test run. D.The designers were well-prepared for the difficulty. 4.How could the LongPen be used in the future? A.To draft legal documents. B.To improve credit card security. C.To keep a record of the author??s ideas.D.To allow author and fan to exchange videos. 5.What could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6? A.Atwood doesn??t mean to end book tours. B.Critics think the LongPen is of little use. C.Bookstore owners don??t support the LongPen.D.Publishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文是說明文,題材為科普知識與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)。本文介紹了世界著名的加拿大作者M(jìn)argaret Atwood設(shè)計的遠(yuǎn)距離簽字設(shè)備——LongPen。 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A Passage 8(xx天津,C)體裁:夾敘夾議　詞數(shù):410 “Dad,”I say one day,“l(fā)et??s take a trip.Why don??t you fly out and meet me?” My father had just retired after 27 years as a manager for IBM.His job filled his day,his thoughts,his life.While he woke up and took a warm shower,I screamed under a freezing waterfall in Peru.While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss watch,I rowed a boat across Lake of the Ozarks. My father sees me drifting aimlessly,nothing to show for my 33 years but a passport full of funny stamps.He wants me to settle down,but now I want him to find an adventure. He agrees to travel with me through the national parks.We meet four weeks later in Rapid City. “What??s our first stop?”asks my father. “What time is it?” “Still don??t have a watch?” Less than an hour away is Mount Rushmore.As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in granite(花崗巖),his mouth and eyes open slowly,like those of a little boy. “Unbelievable,”he says.“How was this done?” A film in the information center shows sculptor Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the sculpture and then left the final touches to his son. We stare up and I ask myself,Would I ever devote my life to anything? No directions,no goals.I always used to hear those words in my father??s voice.Now I hear them in my own. The next day we??re at Yellowstone National Park,where we have a picnic. “Did you ever travel with your dad?”I ask. “Only once,”he says.“I never spoke much with my father.We loved each other—but never said it.Whatever he could give me,he gave.” That last sentence—it??s probably the same thing I??d say about my father.And what I??d want my child to say about me. In Glacier National Park,my father says,“