（江蘇專用）2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 十一 主旨大意-文章 段落大意題課件.ppt

《（江蘇專用）2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 十一 主旨大意-文章 段落大意題課件.ppt》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（江蘇專用）2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 十一 主旨大意-文章 段落大意題課件.ppt（44頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

十一、主旨大意——文章/段落大意題,專題三第二節(jié)分類突破,,真題感悟,,名師點(diǎn)津,內(nèi)容索引,,隨堂限時(shí)練,真題感悟,(2018江蘇，B)Inthe1760s，MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有)aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomm.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup，Roze’schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout，whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.,Today，scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat：dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食)whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone，customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters，too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness，theycouldn’ttellhowmuchthey’dhad：thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller，andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.,Timeismoney，butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces，finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround：putonsomeMozart(莫扎特).Whenclassical，ratherthanpop，musicwasplaying，dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect：dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草)stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon，ornoscent.,Meanwhile，thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables，crowding，highprices—don’tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor，say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables”，giventhatthey’reprofitable.Asforcrowds，aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant’sreputation，suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet’spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.,語(yǔ)篇解讀,語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。它主要通過(guò)引入現(xiàn)代餐館的鼻祖馬蒂蘭羅茲制訂的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及學(xué)者對(duì)于餐館的研究來(lái)介紹現(xiàn)代餐館在經(jīng)營(yíng)中影響食客消費(fèi)的幾個(gè)要素：視覺(jué)要素(餐具、燈光)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)要素(音樂(lè))、嗅覺(jué)要素(氣味)、其他要素(桌位、擁擠程度和價(jià)格)。素材旨在通過(guò)現(xiàn)代餐館的經(jīng)營(yíng)理念，讓考生了解西方現(xiàn)代餐館的經(jīng)營(yíng)之道。,58.Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inParagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.notfondofthefoodprovided,解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“...thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller...”可知，那些被給以大份飯菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他們沒(méi)有飽腹感，這說(shuō)明在黑暗的就餐環(huán)境下，食客并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到自己比平時(shí)吃得多，所以nonethewiser意為“不清楚，不知道”。故選A項(xiàng)。,答案,解析,√,59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A.Playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.C.Makingthelightbrighter.D.Usingplatesoflargersize.,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whenclassical，ratherthanpop，musicwasplaying，dinersspentmore.”可知，當(dāng)演奏古典音樂(lè)而不是流行音樂(lè)的時(shí)候，食客們會(huì)花更多的錢(qián)。spentmore就是對(duì)題干中makemoreprofit的語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)化。故選A項(xiàng)。,√,答案,解析,60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.C.Waystoimproverestaurants’reputation.D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.,√,答案,解析,解析段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“Meanwhile，thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—‘bad’tables，crowding，highprices—don’tnecessarily.”可知，你可能認(rèn)為會(huì)打消你消費(fèi)的念頭的東西——位置“不好”的桌位、擁擠和價(jià)格高——未必如此(指在某些人看來(lái)，這些不利因素未必不會(huì)帶來(lái)利潤(rùn)的增加)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為這些對(duì)于餐館的常見(jiàn)的觀點(diǎn)是一種誤解，故選D項(xiàng)。,名師點(diǎn)津,一、文章大意題的題型解讀說(shuō)明文、記敘文、議論文三種文體涉及的多種話題如社會(huì)文化類、人物故事類、科普說(shuō)明類，多會(huì)考查文章大意類題。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：(1)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthispassage?(2)Thepassageismainlyabout.(3)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis.(4)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.,二、文章大意題的解題技巧——“主題句定位”尋主旨文章是由段落組成的。段落的主題就是段落的中心思想，具體段落的中心思想又是為文章整體中心思想服務(wù)的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。找出每小段的主題句，各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句，各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。有的文章無(wú)明顯主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就需要進(jìn)一步加工概括。觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撐性細(xì)節(jié)。,主題句的位置一般有以下幾種：(1)主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，提出主題，用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋或拓展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想，是最常見(jiàn)的演繹法寫(xiě)作方式。新聞報(bào)道、說(shuō)明文或議論文通常采用這種寫(xiě)法。(2)主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。在表述細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)以概括主題，是最常見(jiàn)的歸納法寫(xiě)作方式。(3)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)束時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題。(4)主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。寫(xiě)作方式為：細(xì)節(jié)描述——?dú)w納主題——進(jìn)一步解釋。,以下是找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門(mén)：1.段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)(如however，but，infact，actually等)時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3.作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。4.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等詞。,三、段落大意題的題型解讀段落大意類題型多在說(shuō)明文和議論文中所涉及的各類話題如社會(huì)文化類、科普說(shuō)明類等進(jìn)行考查。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：(1)Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis.(2)Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?(3)Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.,四、段落大意題的解題技巧,首尾兼顧知段意,,(1)段首：說(shuō)明文和議論文中的主題句常在段首句,(2)段尾：先表述細(xì)節(jié)，后歸納概括，段落中心在段尾,關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：抓住段落的主題句,(3)段中間：先用一句或幾句話引出要表達(dá)的主題，再陳述主題，再論述細(xì)節(jié)，即引出主題→段落中心→再論述,,,,(4)沒(méi)有明顯段落中心時(shí)，需概括段落內(nèi)容，總結(jié)段落中心,,例如：真題感悟中第60題，根據(jù)文章最后一段首句“Meanwhile，thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—‘bad’tables，crowding，highprices—don’tnecessarily.”可知，你可能認(rèn)為會(huì)打消你消費(fèi)的念頭的東西——位置“不好”的桌位、擁擠和價(jià)格高——未必如此(指在某些人看來(lái)，這些不利因素未必不會(huì)帶來(lái)利潤(rùn)的增加)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為這些對(duì)于餐館的常見(jiàn)的觀點(diǎn)是一種誤解，故選D項(xiàng)。,隨堂限時(shí)練,A(2018貴州安順質(zhì)檢)Mostofushavelostourwalletatsomestageinourlives.Butfewwouldimaginehavingitreturnedafteranearlyseven-decadegap.EdwardParkerdroppedhiswalletin1950intoaninaccessiblespotbehindabookshelf，whileworkingasanelectrician，repairingWorldWarTwobombdamageinthepalace.Thewalletstayedthereuntilthisyearwhenabuilder，doingsome1restorationwork，finallyfoundit.,Thewalletisatimecapsule.Itsleatherandwebbinghaslongagostartedtodisintegrate.Butitcontainsnumerouspicturesoffamily，invoices(發(fā)票)，receipts，oldunioncards，resultsofachestX-ray(senttohimin1948，thesameyearastheNHSwasfounded)，anationalservicecarddated9December1944andamedicalinsurancecard.Hisbusinesscards—EParker，ElectricalContractor—seemalmostoriginal.Reflectingthetypicalmethodsofcontactofthetime，theyhaveanaddressbutnotelephonenumber.,AmonthagoIwasspeakingtoa8pressofficeratLambethPalaceandhementionedthatthewallethadjustbeenhandedin.Wethoughtitmightbenicetotryandworkoutwhoseitwasandgiveitbacktothefamily.EdwardParkerisaprettymonname，buthismedicalcardcontainedtwoplacesofresidence—PoetsRoadandSpringdaleRoadinnorthLondon.Fromthis，IslingtonCouncilwereabletofinddetailsofamarriagebetweenEdwardParkerandConstanceButlerin1947.,ThatinformationwasenoughtoworkoutthathewasstillaliveandinacarehomeinEssex，soIwenttovisithim.Now89，Edwardhasdementia(癡呆)，buthewasclearlyhappytogetthewalletandinparticular，thephotographsback.Hepointedoutpicturesofhismotherandfather，hisbrother，hiscousinsandhiswifeConstance，whowaswithhimwhenIvisited.“Hehadn’tseenapictureofhisfathersincehelostthewallet，”Constance,90，says.,語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，介紹了一個(gè)物歸原主的故事。愛(ài)德華帕克曾是一名電工，他于1950年維修因二戰(zhàn)受損的宮廷時(shí)，不慎將錢(qián)包丟失。直到今年，錢(qián)包被一名宮廷修復(fù)工人發(fā)現(xiàn)。錢(qián)包里的物品充滿了那個(gè)年代的回憶，89歲的愛(ài)德華帕克重新拿到錢(qián)包，非常開(kāi)心。,語(yǔ)篇解讀,1.WecanpossiblyinferthatEdwardParker.A.onceworkedasanelectricaltechnicianB.alwayslosthiswalletC.onceparticipatedinWorldWarⅡD.onceworkedasarestorationbuilder,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，EdwardParker曾是一名electrician(電工)，因此A項(xiàng)正確。,√,答案,解析,2.What’sthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A.Thematerialofthewallet.B.Theproducerofthewallet.C.The9contentsofthewallet.D.Theshapeofthewallet.,√,答案,解析,解析段落大意題。本題適合用排除法。A項(xiàng)錢(qián)包的材質(zhì)；B項(xiàng)錢(qián)包的制造商；C項(xiàng)錢(qián)包里的東西；D項(xiàng)錢(qián)包的外形。根據(jù)文章第二段，其中提到了錢(qián)包的外皮及邊線已破損，錢(qián)包里有picturesoffamily(家人照片)，invoices(發(fā)票)，receipts(收據(jù))，oldunioncards(工會(huì)卡)，resultsofachestX-ray(胸片報(bào)告)，anationalservicecard(服務(wù)卡)，amedicalinsurancecard(醫(yī)?？?，businesscards(名片)等物品，可知A項(xiàng)表述片面，B、D項(xiàng)未提及，僅C項(xiàng)符合題意。故選C。,解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Butitcontains...(但是，錢(qián)包里有……)”可知，錢(qián)包外皮還在，排除C、D項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)“維護(hù)”，不符合文意；B項(xiàng)“損壞”，根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，“雖然錢(qián)包的外皮及邊線已破損，但里面有……”，符合題意。故選B。,3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disintegrate”inthesecondparagraphmean?A.2Maintain.B.Damage.C.Disappear.D.Destroy.,√,答案,解析,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句中的“buthismedicalcardcontainedtwoplacesofresidence”可知，他的醫(yī)?？ㄉ嫌袃蓚€(gè)住址，此處明確了醫(yī)保卡是找到主人的關(guān)鍵物品。故選D。,4.Whatplaysakeyroleinreturningthewallettoitsowner?A.Businesscard.B.Nationalservicecard.C.Oldunioncard.D.Medicalcard.,√,答案,解析,BInthird-worldcountriessuchasSwazilandandHaiti，a$15-dollarinventionismakingaworldofdifference.Nokero，apanystartedbyBrianRants，sellslampsthatdonotrequirekerosene(煤油).Thesesolarlampshavebeeastaple(主流產(chǎn)品)incountriesinAfrica，toprovidelightforreadingandsafetyatnight.Nokerohassoldover500,000lampsinover120countriessinceitwasfirstfoundedin2010andRantsthinksthedemandforhisproductwillonlycontinuetoincrease.Mostlampsfoundinthird-worldcountries3currentlyrequirekerosenetorun，butkerosenecausesindoorpollutionandhasbeenlinkedtofiresthathavecausedoveramilliondeaths.,Insteadofexperiencingtheeffectsofsmoking40cigarettesadayfromkerosenelamps，Rantsthinkshissolarlampscouldbetheanswerforthird-worldcountries.TheEconomistagrees，callingsolarlights“thenextbig4innovationfortheworld’spoor”.Nokero’ssolarlampsarehigherinqualityandlessexpensivethanalotofsolartechnology，makingthemapractical6optionformanypeopleinthird-worldcountries.,Ratherthangivingsolarlampstoindividualsinneed，Nokero’s7missionistomakethem5affordable.ThroughresearchRantshasrealizedthatindividualswhobuyasolarproductwouldtakebettercareofitandvalueitmorethaniftheyreceiveditforfree.FamilieswhobuyNokero’ssolarlampsmakeupthecostinjustafewmonthsofnothavingtobuykeroseneorpayforoff-the-gridelectricity.,語(yǔ)篇解讀本文主要介紹了由Nokero公司發(fā)明的不需要煤油的太陽(yáng)能燈具，這些太陽(yáng)能燈已經(jīng)成為非洲國(guó)家的主流產(chǎn)品，為夜間的閱讀和安全提供照明。,SomeactivistshaveattackedpaniessuchasNokeroforsellingproductstothepoorratherthansimplygivingthemoutforfree.Theyarguethatthesepaniesunfairlyprofitfromthepoor.However，Rantsdisagrees.Familiesreceiveaproductthatismuchhigherinqualitythanwhattheymightreceiveforfreeandfeelasenseofownershiphavingpurchaseditforthemselves.,語(yǔ)篇解讀,5.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarlampsinthepassage?A.Theysaveenergyandcausenopollution.B.Theyequaltheeffectof40cigarettesaday.C.Theyaregiventotheindividualsfreeofcharge.D.Theyhelptosavekeroseneinthird-worldcountries.,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句可知，這種太陽(yáng)能燈既節(jié)約能源，又沒(méi)有污染。故選A。,√,答案,解析,6.AccordingtoRants，ifthepooraregiventhelampsforfree，they.A.willhavetopayforkeroseneorelectricityB.won’ttakegoodcareoforvaluethelampsC.willfeelasenseofownershipofthelampsD.won’thelptoincreasethesalesofthelamps,解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，如果免費(fèi)送給窮人這種燈，他們就不會(huì)好好珍惜它們了。故選B。,√,答案,解析,7.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Aninnovationoftheworld.B.Advantagesofthesolarlights.C.Solutiontoworld’spovertyproblems.D.Heavypollutioncausedbykerosenelamps.,解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段所說(shuō)Nokero的太陽(yáng)能燈質(zhì)量更好，價(jià)格也比很多太陽(yáng)能技術(shù)的燈便宜，適合發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人們使用，所以可知該段主要介紹了這種太陽(yáng)能燈的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選B。,√,答案,解析,素材提煉再拓展,做完以上兩篇閱讀后，巧妙運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境，解決障礙詞和長(zhǎng)難句,Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫(huà)線部分的意思1.We’dbetterdosomerestorationworktosomethingsuchasanoldbuildingorapieceoffurniture，sothatitlooksthesameasitoriginallywas._____________2.CareersOfficersstillmaintaincontactwithyoungpeoplewhentheyhaveleftschool.____________,恢復(fù)，復(fù)原,維持；保持,3.Thematterwhichhasbeenconfusingusiscurrentlybeingdiscussedamongmanyexpertsinthemeetingroom.4.Wemustpromoteoriginality，inspirecreativityandencourageinnovation.5.Wethushavefullbeliefinpersonalgenomicsandpersonalisedmedicinethattheywillcertainlybeaffordabletomostpeopleindevelopingcountries.,目前，現(xiàn)在,改革，革新,支付得起,(二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換6.Criminalsaregiventheoptionofgoingtojailorfacingpublichumiliation._______7.Hewassentonover200missionsbeforebeingkilledinaction.(三)一詞多義8.pressvt.壓，按；逼迫；vi.重壓；n.壓，按；報(bào)刊；印刷媒體；報(bào)道；評(píng)論；記者；新聞工作者；出版社；印刷機(jī)(1)Don’tpressyouropinionsuponher.______(2)Pressthisbuttontostarttheengine.,choice,assignments,逼迫,壓，按,(3)Tojudgefromthepress，theconcertwasagreatsuccess.__________(4)Christielookedrelaxedandcalmasshefacedthepressafterwards._____(5)Apressoraprintingpressisamachineusedforprintingthingssuchasbooksandnewspapers._______9.contentn.內(nèi)容；目錄；容量，含量；滿足；滿意；adj.滿意的；vt.使?jié)M足(1)I’mperfectlycontentwiththewaythecampaignhasgone.______(2)Sunflowermargarinehasthesamefatcontentasbutter.____________(3)Sheisreluctanttodiscussthecontentsoftheplay._____(4)Youhavetocontentyourselfwithwhatyouhave.________,報(bào)道；評(píng)論,記者,印刷機(jī),滿意的,含量，容量,內(nèi)容,使?jié)M足,Ⅱ.長(zhǎng)難句理解1.EdwardParkerdroppedhiswalletin1950intoaninaccessiblespotbehindabookshelf，whileworkingasanelectrician，repairingWorldWarTwobombdamageinthepalace.[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，句子的主干部分是EdwardParkerdroppedhiswallet；in1950作狀語(yǔ)；intoaninaccessiblespotbehindabookshelf作狀語(yǔ)；whileworkingasanelectrician，repairingWorldWarTwobombdamageinthepalace為while引導(dǎo)的從句。,時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),[精美譯文],愛(ài)德華帕克在1950年作為電工維修王宮中二戰(zhàn)中炸彈炸毀處時(shí)，把錢(qián)包掉在了書(shū)櫥后面很難發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方。,2.ThroughresearchRantshasrealizedthatindividualswhobuyasolarproductwouldtakebettercareofitandvalueitmorethaniftheyreceiveditforfree.[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，thatindividualswhobuyasolarproductwouldtakebettercareofitandvalueitmorethaniftheyreceiveditforfree為從句，其中又含有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的從句。[精美譯文]_____________________________________________________________________________________________,賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),通過(guò)調(diào)查研究，蘭特意識(shí)到那些個(gè)體購(gòu)買(mǎi)太陽(yáng)能產(chǎn)品比免費(fèi)得到這些產(chǎn)品，能更好地照顧和珍惜這些東西。,