高考寫作指導(dǎo)《概要寫作》方式及技巧

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1、高中英語寫作指導(dǎo)-《概要寫作》 該題型提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇 60詞左右 的內(nèi)容概要。原文以說明文、議論文為主，概要，基本就是段落大意。每段用一句 話概括，或者兩段一個大意，最多用兩句話概括。 （一）高分要訣 1 .概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。 這就要求考生在寫作時要找關(guān)鍵詞和主題句，準(zhǔn)確理解、分析原文要點，歸納段落 大意。 2 .各要點的表達(dá)既要相對獨立，又要有適當(dāng)?shù)你暯樱眠m當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫通全文, 切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，以免 顯得生硬。 3 .所用句型力求簡單，安排好篇幅的比例，概

2、要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字 寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。 4 .不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語 表達(dá)，至少對原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會更好。 原詞 同義替換詞 difficult demanding,challenging many numerous,quantities of a(large)number of/(large)numbers of+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) plenty of+ 可數(shù) 名詞復(fù)數(shù)//、可數(shù)名詞 a good/great many+可數(shù)名詞 復(fù)數(shù) a large/huge a

3、mount of/large amounts of+ 不可數(shù) 名詞 many a+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) bad negative  原詞 同義替換詞 good excellent,outstanding,extraordinary, remarkable big massive,enormous,tremendous,giant,vast,large,huge sad depressed阮望的，失落的）;frustrated（沮喪的） abundant ample,plentiful,generous different various,a variety of,div

4、erse doubted skeptical,suspicious(懷疑的) interesting amusing,entertaining brave courageous,bold,fearless rich wealthy poor needy 此外，在寫作時，要盡量使用短句，長用長難句。例如，盡量少用關(guān)系代詞which,who 等引導(dǎo)的定語從句，而采用動詞-ing形式和過去分詞做定語。 5.多使用概括性詞語，少用具體描述性詞語。注意要點之間的銜接。 概要寫作中的銜接過渡詞匯： 附加 in addition,and,similarly,likewi

5、se,as well as,besides,furthermore,also,moreover,and then,too,not only…but(also)…,even,besides this/that 順序 first(ly),initially,second(ly),to begin with,then,next,earlier/later,before this/that,after this/that,following this/that,afterwards 結(jié)果 as a result,result in,thus,so,therefore,consequentl

6、y,it follows that,thereby,eventually,then,in that case,admittedly,accordingly 對比/ 轉(zhuǎn)折 過渡 however,on the other hand,despite,in spite of,though,although,but,on the contrary,otherwise,yet,instead of,rather,rather than,whereas 目Ah obviously,certainly,plainly,of course,undoubtedly,apparently 條件

7、 if/given,unless,as long as,whether,providing that,provided that,for,so that,depending on 定義 is,refer(s) to,means,that is,consist of  列舉過渡 目的過渡 讓步過渡 承接過渡 first of all first second third in the first place initially to start with furthermore in addition moreover what s more finally with t

8、he aim of for the sake of with a view to for the purpose of although it is true…that even though of course certainly admittedly indeed true as soon as as a matter of fact so to speak however as it were day after day year in and year out 舉例 理由 時間 總結(jié) as an illustration for instance

9、one example for example just as in particular such as namely to illustrate a case in point take…for since by virtue of so given as a result of because (of) due to in view of on account of owing to the reason why in other words lead to for this reason before since as until meanwhile at the momen

10、t when whenever as soon as just as according to all in all to summarize in summary in conclusion as a consequence lastly by and large finally consequently to sum up hence 產(chǎn)例 理由 時間 總結(jié) example as another example as another instance as still another example cause now that since on the gr

11、ound that seeing…that thus to conclude in conclusion to recapitulate in general in short it follows that in brief on the whole  總括過渡詞 表示時間 表示強調(diào) 比較 as a rule as far as I am concerned as for me economically speaking generally speaking in my opinion in my view in some at times after afterw

12、ards from then on immediately later meanwhile next now until while then above all after all in fact particularly that is anyway chiefly even worse more often than that similarly similar to the same as accordingly both…as at the same time in the same manner in a similar way in common 總括過渡詞 表

13、示時間 表示強調(diào) 比較 respects obviously on a large scale on a personal level practically speaking simplistically speaking to take the idea further most important of all needless to say no doubt to be sure in common equally important for one thing…for another likewise ,刪除細(xì)節(jié) 提煉一刪除具悻例子（引用一兩個說明問題即可） 、避

14、免重復(fù) 要點， I整合 同義轉(zhuǎn)換:近義詞、同義詞等替換 、句子里構(gòu):調(diào)整詞類、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等 邏輯:銜接（照應(yīng)、替代、省略、連接和黃匯街斐） （三）成篇三步驟 1 .閱讀 （1）認(rèn)真閱讀給定的原文材料，如果一遍不能理解，就多讀兩遍；閱讀次數(shù)越多，你對 原文的理解就越深刻。 ；決定原文中哪些部分重 (2)畫出那些能概括文章主題思想的單詞、短語或短句子 要，哪些部分次重要；對重要部分的主要觀點進(jìn)行概括。 (3)簡要地記下主要觀點——主題、標(biāo)題、細(xì)節(jié)等你認(rèn)為對概括概要寫作重要的 東西。 2 .寫作 ⑴盡量用自己的話完成，不要直接引用原文的句子。 ⑵應(yīng)該遵循原文的邏輯順序，

15、這樣你就不必重新組織觀點、事實。 (3)寫概要寫作時可以采用下列幾種小技巧： 刪除細(xì)節(jié)，只保留主要觀點。選擇一至兩個例子：原文中可能包括五個或更多的例 子，你只需從中篩選一至兩個例子。把長段的描述變成短小、簡單的句子 ：如果材 料中描述某人或某事用了十個句子，那么你只要把它們變成一兩句即可。避免重 復(fù):在原文中，為了強調(diào)某個主題，可能會重復(fù)論證說明，但是這在概要寫作中是不 能使用的；應(yīng)該刪除那些突出強調(diào)的重述句。壓縮長句。 附1:概要寫作常用句式 First argues At the beginning the author writes,states that

16、 In the first part the reporter points out what In the introduction explains,mentions why the reader is informed In the next part In the main part the reader is informed about the theory First;Second the author goes on with the data/question that  Then;Afterwards we

17、 are told about the statistics what Moreover we read/hear about the belief why In addition to that the author examines the argument if In the end the author emphasizes Finally the writer concludes that At last the poet finds the solution what The final part/section the journ

18、alist adds/stresses why As a conclusion the reporter pretends if Summing up his/her thoughts the scientist hints 附2: (1)表示文章的內(nèi)容以及研究目的 ①This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with... ② The article focuses on the topic of... (2)表示研究的結(jié)論 ① The result showed that... ② The author found that... ③ It was concluded that... (3)表示推薦、觀點或建議 The author suggests/considers that... Suggestions are made for... 3 .修改成文 4 5