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考點(diǎn)22 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 高考頻度：★★★★★ 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1.關(guān)系副詞when，where，why的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因(一般為reason)的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。有時(shí)可用＂介詞＋which＂結(jié)構(gòu)替換。 ?I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我還記得我第一次來(lái)北京的那天。 2.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞仍用which/that。 ?Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting? 這是他在會(huì)議上解釋的無(wú)禮的原因嗎？ 3.當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；如果不作狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。 ?The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed. 媒體經(jīng)常能夠幫助解決問(wèn)題，把注意力吸引到需要幫助的情況。 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇 用法 依據(jù) 根據(jù)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 若是及物動(dòng)詞，后面若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞；若是不及物動(dòng)詞則用關(guān)系副詞。 根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中作的成分 把關(guān)系詞放進(jìn)定語(yǔ)從句中，若作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞；作狀語(yǔ)則用關(guān)系副詞。 1.（2018江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空） Self-drivingisanarea_______Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestarting line. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【參考答案】B 【答案解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：自動(dòng)駕駛是一個(gè)中國(guó)和世界其它國(guó)家都在同一起跑線的領(lǐng)域。句中先行詞為area，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where，相當(dāng)于in which。故選B。 2.（2018新課標(biāo)II卷短文改錯(cuò)）They also had a small pond which they raised fish. 【參考答案】which前加in 或which改為where 3.（2016天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【參考答案】D 【試題解析】句意：我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下個(gè)星期，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)更好。這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是next week，定語(yǔ)從句缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故選D。 【易錯(cuò)提醒】 當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間名詞時(shí)，既可以用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也可以用that或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)鍵要看關(guān)系詞在從句中作何種成分。若關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，用when引導(dǎo)；若關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that或which引導(dǎo)。如： ?Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? 你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？（when在從句中作狀語(yǔ)） ?Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm? 你還記得我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)一起度過(guò)的那些日子嗎？（that或which作spent的賓語(yǔ)） 4.Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats. A. what B. where C. that D. which 【參考答案】B 【答案解析】考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：用家犬做試驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)中一只給了食物，而另一只沒(méi)有，這表明了它們有一種分享食物的公平感。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞是Experiments，where在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，表示抽象地點(diǎn)，where相當(dāng)于in which。故選B。 【易錯(cuò)提醒】 1. 當(dāng)先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that或which引導(dǎo)。如： ?This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 這是我爺爺在40年前建造的房子。（定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以要用which/that，而不用where） 2. 當(dāng)position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞充當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)，若定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，則用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如： ?It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子們放在一個(gè)能夠讓他們從不同角度看待自己的環(huán)境中對(duì)他們很有幫助。 3. 關(guān)系副詞why指原因，代替先行詞并在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞一般是reason。 ?Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 這是他拒絕我們幫助的理由嗎？ 5. Do you know the reason Mary is crying? A. when B. where C. why D. that 【參考答案】C 【易錯(cuò)提醒】 若代替先行詞reason的關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不作狀語(yǔ)，而是充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that或which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如： ?I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us. 我堅(jiān)決不聽你給我們的那個(gè)理由。（定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以要用which/that，而不用why） 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) I. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1. Do you remember the scene ________ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking? 2. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 3. I will never forget the days ________ I was taken good care of in that village. 4. Do you know the reason John is so angry? 5. None of us know the reason ________ Tom was absent from the meeting. 6. The reason ________________ he explained at the meeting for his absence didn’t make sense. 7. I still remember the night ________ she left the house. 8. However, this was a time one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 9. Today we have reached a stage we have almost no rights at all. 10. The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 題組二能力提升 I．單項(xiàng)填空 1.Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats. A. what B. where C. that D. which 2.Do you know the reason Mary is crying? A. when B. where C. why D. that 3.The latest trend is the ＂A4 waist challenge＂ women take photos with a A4-sized paper placed in front of their midriffs (上腹部). A. which B. where C. when D. as 4. The exact year__________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. A. When B. where C. why D. which 5. Miss Li found herself in an embarrassing position she didn’t know which side she should support. A. where B. that C. which D. when 6. —Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? —You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only $15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 7. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 8. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there II．語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1 (attract). So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 2 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9 ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10 other is with mum-she never suspects. 題組三體驗(yàn)真題 1.(2015北京)Opposite is St. Pauls Church, _________ you can hear some lovely music. A. which B. that C. when D. where 2.(2015陜西) As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time __ he should be able to be independent. A. which B. where C. whom D. when 3. (2014浙江)I don’t bee a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. A. when B. where C. which D. why 4. (2015天津)The boss of the pany is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work. A. where B. which C. when D. who 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) I. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1. where　 2. where　 3. when 4. why 5. why　 6. that/which 7. when 8. when 9. where 10. when 題組二能力提升 I．單項(xiàng)填空 1.B 【解析】考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：用家犬做試驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)中一只給了食物，而另一只沒(méi)有，這表明了它們有一種分享食物的公平感。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞是Experiments，where在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in which。故選B。 2.C 【解析】句意：你知道瑪麗哭的原因嗎？the reason why...是一個(gè)固定句型，why在此引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，故選C。 4. D 【解析】句意：Angela和家人一起在中國(guó)度過(guò)的那年是2008年。這句話使用了定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the exact year，定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞spent是及物動(dòng)詞，后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而不能用關(guān)系副詞。所以選D。 5. A 【解析】先行詞是an embarrassing position，所填詞在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)。 6. C　【解析】答句前句句意為：——你應(yīng)該去我去的那家理發(fā)店嘗試一下。where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，并替代先行詞the barber’s(理發(fā)店)。其余選項(xiàng)不能在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 7. B　【解析】句意：斯蒂芬?霍金認(rèn)為，地球不大可能是有生命逐漸進(jìn)化的唯一星球。先行詞是planet，限制性定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，where在此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。A、C和D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不能在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。 8. A　【解析】where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 II．語(yǔ)法填空 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者作為特邀人員在四川成都的大熊貓基地的所見(jiàn)所聞。 1. attraction 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。但對(duì)于像我一樣的游客，熊貓是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容詞性物主代詞its以及形容詞top可知此處應(yīng)該填動(dòng)詞attract的名詞形式attraction，意為＂吸引人之物＂。 3. officially 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用副詞，所以填officially。 4.to 【解析】考查介詞。go back to是固定搭配，意為＂追溯到＂。 5.when 【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞when。 6. permitted 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，permit與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過(guò)去分詞permitted作后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于that/who was permitted。 7. introducing 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞include后需跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，所以此空填introducing。 8. its 【解析】考查代詞。由語(yǔ)境及后面的名詞mother可知，此空應(yīng)該填it的形容詞性物主代詞its。 9. days 【解析】考查名詞。由few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可知，此空填days。 every few days是＂每隔幾天＂的意思。 10.the 【解析】考查冠詞。這里考查的是one...the other...這一固定搭配，意為＂一個(gè)……另一個(gè)…… 題組三 體驗(yàn)真題 1.D 【解析】句意：對(duì)面是圣保羅教堂，在教堂里你能聽到一些優(yōu)美的音樂(lè)。這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是St. Paul’s Church，從句主謂賓成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推斷出引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。用關(guān)系副詞where。故選D。 2.D 【解析】句意：作為家里最小的孩子，Alex總是渴望他能夠有獨(dú)立的時(shí)間。這里使用定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the time，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞when，所以選D。 3.A 4. A 【解析】句意：公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛，在這種氣氛中，其員工喜歡他們的工作。句中先行詞為atmosphere，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where。根據(jù)句意可知選A。