2019版高考英語一輪基礎習選題 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Great Scientists 一、閱讀理解。 Discovering the beauty of the science and math that shape our everyday lives，an experience in WonderLab will fuel your imagination and inspire you to see the world around you in new and exciting ways.e and enjoy yourself! What to see Spread across seven different zones，therere loads of opportunities to get hands on with real scientific phenomena.Observe live experiments at our Chemistry Bar，see lightning strike before your eyes，play with forces on giant slides or travel through space under a canopy(蒼穹)of stars.You can also take part in explosive science demonstrations led by our talented team of explainers.With 50 mindblowing wonders of science to enjoy，WonderLab is an experience unlike any other.Besides，a selection of shows will be performed daily in WonderLabs beautiful new show space.They are free of charge and last 20 minutes. Tickets ●Day pass：￡6 per person. This ticket gives you daylong access to WonderLab，perfect whether youre planning a special trip to the Museum or simply passing through London and want to feed your curiosity. ●Annual pass：￡10 per person. For less than the price of two visits，give yourself a year packed full of wonder，curiosity and breathtaking experiences. Opening times Open seven days a week,10：00－18：00(last entry 17：15)．WonderLab will be closed on December 24,25 and 26 and will be open as usual from December 27. During school holidays our opening hours are 10：00－19：00(last entry 18：15)．Please note that in peak periods(from midday onwards)we are experiencing long queues due to the gallerys popularity. 1．What can you do in WonderLab? A．Explore stars. B．Produce lighting. C．Join in explosion shows. D．Do chemistry experiments. 2．How much should two visitors pay if they visit WonderLab and enjoy the shows for one day? A．￡12.　 B．￡20. C．￡32. D．￡40. 3．When can you enter WonderLab? A．9：30 on December 23. B．18：30 on school holidays. C．11：00 on Christmas. D．10：30 on December 28. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce WonderLab. B．To attract people to WonderLab. C．To explain how WonderLab works. D．To analyze why WonderLab is attractive. 體裁：應用文　題材：新聞廣告　主題：科技展 【解題導語】文章介紹了WonderLab的活動、票價及時間安排等信息，吸引大家前去參觀游玩。 1．C　細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)What to see小標題下的You can also take part in explosive science demonstrations led by our talented team of explainers.可知，你可以參加爆炸演示。故選C項。 2．A　推理判斷題。從題干可知兩位游客適合買第一種票，依據(jù)Day pass：￡6 per person.可知，兩位游客游覽一天需要的門票費用為12英鎊。故選A項。 3．D　細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Opening times小標題下的Open seven days a week,10：00－18：00(last entry 17：15)．WonderLab will be closed on December 24,25 and 26 and will be open as usual from December 27.以及During school holidays our opening hours are 10：00－19：00(last entry 18：15)．可知，平時的開放時間是10點到18點，圣誕節(jié)期間閉館，在學校假期的開放時間是10點到19點，最后準許進入的時間是18：15，只有D項符合。 4．B　推理判斷題。文章介紹了WonderLab的活動、票價及時間安排等信息，再根據(jù)第一段末尾e and enjoy yourself！可知，本文的寫作目的是吸引人們參觀WonderLab。故選B項。 二、單句語法填空 1．Only when he arrived ________the meeting begin. 答案：did　“only＋狀語(從句)”位于句首，句子要部分倒裝。由時間狀語從句when he arrived可知，應用一般過去時，故填did。 2．Neither I nor John ________(be) tired of the speech. It is interesting. 答案：is　neither ... nor ... 連接兩個并列主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)遵循“就近一致”原則，故填is。 3．________(absorb) in writing a letter, he didnt even look up when I came in. 答案：Absorbed　be absorbed in ...“全神貫注于……”，此處為分詞作狀語，故填Absorbed。 4．That you ________(expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. 答案：are exposed　be exposed to ...“暴露于……；接觸……”。 5．There is no sense in ________(worry) about the future. 答案：worrying　There is no sense in (doing) sth. “(做)某事是沒有意義的”。 6．While ________(attend) to the central task, we should unfold the work in other fields. 答案：attending　attend to “處理；照料”，從句的主語和主句主語一致，且謂語部分含有be動詞的相應形式時，可省略從句中的主語和be動詞，補充完整為：While we are attending to ...，故填attending。 7．The bank manager was really ________(blame), though he tried to put it on a clerk. 答案：to blame　be to blame “應受責備；應承擔責任”，為主動形式表示被動意義。 8．Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had to ________(set) up some schools for poor children. 答案：setting　contribute ... to ...“為……奉獻……”，其中to為介詞，其后應用名詞、代詞或動名詞形式，故填setting。 9．My parents tend to accept any idea ________(put) forward by experts on TV. 答案：put　put forward “提出”，此處應用過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞idea。 10．I recognized her voice ________moment I picked up the receiver. 答案：the　the moment “一……就……”。 三、完形填空。 Many people are constantly waiting for their life to start. “When I’m older I’ll do this.” and “In a few years I’ll do that.” They think the life they are ___1___ is boring and meaningless. Who has never viewed himself or herself ___2___ worthless and unattractive? In others’ eyes, you are always “the funny one” and bee loud and overconfident to mask what you are actually feeling, ___3___ few people know about the way you feel. All of us may ___4___ from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support, and thus need ___5___ physically, or spiritually. Just think like this way: ___6___ feelings I am feeling will eventually go away. I need to stop feeling so sorry for myself and actually want to ___7___. I am a(n)___8___ lucky person who has e from a family where there is full of love and support. I have to be the one to make the ___9___ to change my way of thinking. All the good things and all the wonderful people in my life would pass eventually too. ___10___ I am feeling miserable, my life is still going on and I am missing out on ___11___ those precious moments. We all have terrible things which happen to us and will ___12___ each of us differently. The most important thing to remember is that our ___13___ aren’t what define us. What defines us is how we ___14___ what has happened to us and how we change the way we think about it. We can either let it bee us or we can use our newly found ___15___ to change a little bit of the world around us all. There’s something much bigger than us and our problems. It is always ___16___ to remember that there is always someone who is in a ___17___ much worse than our own. Nevertheless, I am well on the ___18___ to being the person I want to be and I have goals and expectations of myself. I am now ___19___ that my life has started. It started years ago and it’s not ___20___ over yet. It’s happening right now. Yours is too. 語篇解讀：很多人都在等待最好的生活，其實最好的生活就在當下。 1. A.opposing B. predicting C. experiencing D. expecting 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)第一段第一句“很多人都在等待自己生命的新起點”可知，他們覺得現(xiàn)在的生活很乏味無趣 的。experience 經(jīng)歷，符合語境。oppose 反對；predict 預言，預料；expect 預料，期望。故選 C 項。 2. A.of B. as C. for D. with 【答案】B 【解析】view...as...把……看作……，為固定搭配。故選 B 項。誰沒有把自己看成是毫無價值、毫不吸引人 的人呢? 3. A.though B. or C. so D. but 【答案】D 【解析】設空前的“In others’ eyes, you are always ‘the funny one’ and bee loud and overconfident to mask what you are actually feeling”(在別人的眼中，你可能是一個“很有趣的人” 。你用大聲喧囂和過于 自信來掩蓋自己真正的想法)和該空后的“few people know about the way you feel”(很少有人看透你) 之間是轉折關系。而 though 表示的是讓步關系。故選 D 項。 4. A.suffer B. arise C. differ D. result 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)設空后的“from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support”可知選 suffer。suffer from 意為“遭受”， 其后常接表示疾病、 自然災害的詞， 或接 loneliness， overpopulation 等詞。 arise from 由……引起；differ from 與……不同；result from 由……造成。故選 A 項。我們所有人都會經(jīng)歷 挫折和沮喪，失去指引和支持，無論物質、情感還是精神上都急切需要治愈。 5. A.growth B. service C. aid D. sacrifice 【答案】C 【解析】 根據(jù)上文中的“All of us may ___4___ from depression and frustration, lose guidance and support”可知， 下文是說我們都需要身體上或精神上的幫助。growth 增長，成長；service 服務；aid 援助，幫助； sacrifice 犧牲。故選 C 項。 6. A.pleasant B. horrible C. sensitive D. casual 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)第八段第一句“All the good things and all the wonderful people in my life would pass eventually too.”可知，設空處所在句與該句形成對比，因此該處表示“糟糕的感覺最終會煙消云散的”。 pleasant 令人愉快的；horrible 糟糕的，可怕的；sensitive 敏感的；casual 滿不在乎的。故選 B 項。 7. A.relax B. move C. reject D. change 【答案】D 【解析】 根據(jù)空前的“I need to stop feeling so sorry for myself”(我需要停止顧影自憐)可知， 下文應是作出“改 變”。relax 放松；move 移動，搬動；reject 拒絕；change 改變。故選 D 項。不應再自怨自艾，而 要切切實實地謀求改變。 8. A.incredibly B. eventually C. merely D. skeptically 【答案】A 【解析】incredibly 難以置信地，很，極為，非常；eventually 最后，終于；merely 僅僅，只不過；skeptically 懷疑地。句意：我是個非常幸運的人，來自于一個充滿愛和支持的家庭。分析句子結構可知，設 空處引導定語從句，先行詞是 family，且從句中缺少狀語，故用 where 引導。故選 A 項。 9. A.mistake B. difference C. decision D. ment 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)設空后的“to change my way of thinking”可知，此處應是“決定改變我的思考方式”，make the decision 作決定，符合語境。make a mistake 犯錯誤；make a/the difference 起作用，有影響；make a ment 作出評論。故選 C 項。 10. A.Because B. While C. Unless D. When 【答案】B 【解析】句意為：盡管我現(xiàn)在感覺很痛苦，但生活還是要繼續(xù)，我會錯過欣賞這些寶貴時刻的機會。“I am feeling miserable”與“my life is still going on”之間是讓步關系，while 意為“盡管”，表讓步，符合 語境。故選 B 項。 11. A.calculating B. imagining C. forgetting D. appreciating 【答案】D 【解析】句意見上題。根據(jù)設空后的“precious moments”(寶貴時刻)可知，應是“欣賞，贊美”。calculate 計算，預估；imagine 想象；forget 忘記；appreciate 欣賞。故選 D 項。盡管自己沉溺于痛苦之中， 而生命的時間漏斗仍不停流轉，那你將錯過那些值得贊美的珍貴時刻。 12. A.attract B. treat C. affect D. benefit 【答案】C 【解析】句意為：我們都會遇到一些不幸的事，它們會對我們產(chǎn)生不一樣的影響。根據(jù)常識可知，發(fā)生在 我們身上的事總是影響到我們。attract 吸引；treat 對待；affect 影響；benefit 有益于。故選 C 項。 13. A.characters B. problems C. advantages D. experiences 【答案】B 【解析】character 個性，性格，角色；problem 問題；advantage 優(yōu)點；experience 經(jīng)歷。故選 B 項。根據(jù) 倒數(shù)第三段第一句“There’s something much bigger than us and our problems.”也可推出此處選 problems。 14. A.care about B. make up C. deal with D. answer for 【答案】C 【解析】重要的是，你要記住，我們遇到的問題不能定義我們的本質。能定義我們的，是我們處理問題的 方法，以及我們對待問題的態(tài)度轉變。care about 關心，在意；make up 形成，構成，編造，化妝； deal with 處理；answer for 負責。故選 C 項。 15. A.wisdom B. energy C. chance D. patience 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)設空前的 newlyfound 及空后的“to change a little bit of the world around us all”可知，改變世界 應該用“智慧”。wisdom 智慧；energy 能量；chance 機會，機遇；patience 耐心。故選 A 項。我 們或許放任自流，又或許利用我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的新智慧改變我們周邊發(fā)生的事情。 16. A.difficult B. obvious C. typical D. important 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)前一句“There’s something much bigger than us and our problems.”可知，記得總有人的處境比我 們的更糟糕，這是很重要的(important)。故選 D 項。 17. A.game B. relation C. position D. distance 【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)語境可知，此處指有些人的處境比我們的更糟糕。position 位置；game 游戲；relation 關系； distance 距離。故選 C 項。比我們自身和我們所遇到的問題還重要的事情大有所在。切勿忘記總 有人的處境比我們的更糟糕。 18. A.turn B. way C. corner D. direction 【答案】B 【解析】on the way to...意為“在去……的路上”，符合句意。turn 轉變；corner 拐角處；direction 方向。 故選 B 項。 19. A. aware B. surprised C. afraid D. worried 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)最后一段可知，“我”現(xiàn)在意識到我的生活已經(jīng)發(fā)生了改變。aware 意識到的，明白的； surprised 驚訝的；afraid 害怕的；worried 擔憂的。故選 A 項。然而，我們有自己的目標和期待， 并在自己選擇的人生道路上很好的前進著。我們必須從現(xiàn)在起意識到屬于自己的人生其實已經(jīng)開 始。 20. A.even B. nearly C. only D. much 【答案】B 【解析】我的人生在好久之前已經(jīng)開始了，而且還沒結束?，F(xiàn)在還是進行時。你的也一樣。not nearly 意為 “遠非，絕不是”，符合語境。故選 B 項。 四、單句改錯 1．Although defeating in the match, we didnt lose heart. _____________________________________________________ 答案：defeating→defeated　此處表示在比賽中被打敗，故應用過去分詞表被動。 2．When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, pletely absorbing in the newspaper. _____________________________________________________ 答案：absorbing→absorbed　(be) absorbed in “全神貫注于……”，此處為過去分詞短語作狀語。 3．It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉a　make sense to do sth. “做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，為固定用法，故去掉a。 4．Neither the teacher nor the students is content with the result. _____________________________________________________ 答案：is→are　neither ... nor ... 連接兩主語時，謂語動詞應遵循“就近原則”。 5．The plan was put forward at yesterdays meeting, in my opinion, is quite practical. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉was或was前加which/that　該句中已有謂語動詞is, 故put forward at yesterdays meeting為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾作主語的名詞plan；也可用定語從句作定語修飾先行詞plan，因此添加定語從句的關系詞引出定語從句，關系詞在從句中作主語，先行詞指物，所以在was前加which/that。 五、七選五 Think about what youve learned from a particular rumor experience，and let it help you make sure it never happens again.Here are a few tips that will help you. 1 The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向……吐露). Try to understand where its ing from，and why. Is the rumor meant to hurt you，or is it just a case of misinformation or exaggeration？Its important to get this information before you react to the rumor. 2 Resist the urge to dish it out. Have you heard the saying “Someone can dish it out，but he or she cant take it”？ 3 If you spread gossip and rumors about others，you might bee a person who deserves a taste of his or her own medicine. Resist the urge to take revenge. If youve been the victim of gossip and rumors and you know who started spreading them，you might want to go“an eye for an eye”． 4 And taking revenge in this way might make you feel good for a short time.But in the end，it will just keep the cycle of rumors going. 5 A．Be cautious about making friends. B．Be careful about your private information. C．Try to persuade more people to be on your side. D．So if you can，figure out how the rumor occurs. E．In other words，dont be the person to spread rumors. F．Its tending to make up lies or expose information that hurts others. G．And make you as much of a bully(恃強凌弱者)as any other rumor starter. 【語篇解讀】　本文為說明文。講述的是如何正確應對謠言。 1．B　[根據(jù)下文的“The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向……吐露)．”可知，本段主要講的是“對你自己的隱私要小心謹慎”，故選B項。B項中的“private information”也與文中的“private information”相匹配。] 2．D　[根據(jù)本段的小標題“Try to understand where its ing from，and why.”及空前的內容可知，對謠言作出反應前，弄清楚謠言很重要。所以如果你能的話，要弄清楚謠言的來源和起因，故D項符合語境。] 3．E　[根據(jù)本段的小標題“Resist the urge to dish it out.”及空處上下文的內容可知，空處講的應是不要散播謠言相關的內容，故E項符合語境。] 4．F　[根據(jù)下文的“taking revenge in this way”可知，空處的內容應是報復的方法，故F項符合語境。] 5．G　[根據(jù)上文的內容可知，如果以散布謠言的方式報復別人的話，你可能會在短期內感覺良好，但是最后，這只會使得謠言繼續(xù)被散布，故G項承接上文，進一步說明了這種報復方式的消極后果。]