2019高考英語 詞匯考查+題型練 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 3 一、詞匯復(fù)習(xí) （一）單句語法填空 1．(2015福建龍巖檢測(cè)改編) Its a motto that we should never remember the benefit we have offered ________ forget the favor received. 答案：nor　句意為：我們應(yīng)當(dāng)永遠(yuǎn)不要記掛我們所給予的好處也不要忘記我們所受的恩惠。這是一則座右銘。nor為表示否定含義的并列詞，never...nor...表示“既不……也不……”。 2．(2015安徽黃山檢測(cè)改編)Ask any Chinese which city in China is famous for ice and snow, ________ the answer is sure to be Harbin. 答案：and　句意為：(如果)你問任何一個(gè)中國(guó)人中國(guó)的哪座城市因冰雪而出名，答案一定是哈爾濱。此處為“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”的結(jié)構(gòu)，兩個(gè)分句之間為順承關(guān)系，故填and。 3．(2015重慶巴蜀中學(xué)第四次月考改編)Stick to what you think is right, ________ you will gain a surprising happy ending. 答案：and　句意為：堅(jiān)持你認(rèn)為正確的，你會(huì)擁有一個(gè)幸福的結(jié)局。此處為“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”的結(jié)構(gòu)，兩個(gè)分句之間為順承關(guān)系，故填and。 4．(2015湖南長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)月考改編)—Can I lie about seeing a text message because I was too busy or lazy to respond to it？ —Receiving a text message does not necessarily mean you have to respond. Why waste a perfectly good lie ________ the truth will serve? 答案：when　句意為：——當(dāng)我很累或懶得去答復(fù)時(shí)，我可以撒謊說沒看過短信嗎？——收到短信并不一定意味著必須回復(fù)。為什么非得濫用一個(gè)精心編造的謊言而不去說實(shí)話呢？對(duì)比分析主從句謂語的動(dòng)作可知是同時(shí)發(fā)生，因此用時(shí)間狀語連詞when，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。 5．(2015安徽合肥一模改編)Though it has been one year ________ he came to the city, he knows every street here like the back of his hand. 答案：since　句意為：盡管他來這座城市僅僅一年，但是他對(duì)這兒的每條街道了如指掌。本題考查固定句型“It has been＋時(shí)間段＋since...”，表示“自從……已經(jīng)多久了”。 （二）英漢互譯 1. △amphibious adj. __________ 2. △George Stephenson__________ 3. patent n. __________ 4. call up __________ 5. courtyard n. __________ 6. now and then __________ 7. walnut n. __________ 8. distinguish vi. & vt. __________ 9. merciful adj. __________ 10. product n. __________ 11. powder n. __________ 12. set about __________ 13. perfume n. __________ 14. stainless adj. __________ 15. △jelly n. __________ 16. cube n. __________ 17. cubic adj. __________ 18. abrupt adj. __________ 19. abruptly adv. __________ 20. convenient adj. __________ 21. caution n. __________ 22. expectation n. __________ 23. passive adj. __________ 24. merry adj. __________ 25. merrily adv. __________ 26. seize vt. __________ 27. △recognition n. __________ 28. criterion n. __________ 29. △claim n. & vt. __________ 30. valid adj. __________ 31. file n. vt. __________ 32. ripe adj. __________ 33. string n. __________ 34. glue n. vt. __________ 35. △rod n. __________ 36. freezing adj. __________ 37. greengrocer n.（pl）__________ 38. identification n. __________ 39. directory n. __________ 40. dial vt. __________ 41. rainfall n. __________ 42. △courtroom n. __________ 43. innocent adj. __________ 44. lantern n. __________ 45. bear vt. __________ 46. jam n. __________ 47. △Alexander Graham __________ 48. △microphone n. __________ 49. forehead n. __________ 50. beaten track __________ 51. △occasionally adv. __________ 52. dive into__________ 53. dynamic adj. __________ 54. set out (to do) __________ 55. △multiple adj. n. __________ 56. △Morse __________ 57. dot n. vt. __________ 58. tap vt. n. __________ 59. wire n. __________ 60. straw n. __________ 61. △reproduce vt. __________ 62. current n. adj. __________ 63. helicopter n. __________ 64. triangle n. __________ 65. △tetrahedron n. __________ 66. stable adj. __________ 67. △invaluable adj. __________ 68. associate vt. n. __________ 69. practical adj. __________ 70. △James Dyson __________ 71. refrigerator n. __________ 72. court n. __________ 73. extension n. __________ 74. hang on __________ 75. out of order __________ 76. get through __________ 77. ring back __________ 78. ring off __________ 79. version n. __________ 80. petence n. __________ 81. △petent n. __________ 82. jeep n. __________ 83. personnel n. __________ 二、閱讀理解 A Professional courses, such as Masters in International Business or MIB, have been taken by many students in the last two decades. They are choosing new-age non-conventional courses that guarantee a better future. MIB is a specialized course that teaches the international business. There are valid reasons for so much popularity of MIB course. The course content and teaching methods of MIB are quite different from a normal MBA or Master of Business Administration. It has been designed with the sole objective of developing professionals with an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the international trade. The course offers various advantages over the conventional MBA degree course. The massive increase in the international business and foreign trade gives excellent job prospects(前景) to the new generation. Acquiring a degree of MIB offers outstanding growth of job opportunities. Those who want to pursue in the field of marketing also have a good future after pleting the degree from a reputed MIB college. Big multinational organizations look for talented people who can handle the job profile of International Marketing Manage, and people with MIB degrees are preferred. The profile needs an in-depth understanding of the overseas markets, because it is the strategic post from the perspective of pany’s international business growth. Since business finance and economics are covered at length in the curriculum of MIB, students have great job offers in the field of finance as well. Typically, organizations offer the profile of international finance controllers to those who plete MIB with the specialization of finance. The specialization covers aspects of international taxes, accounts, budgeting and so on. People in this field are well-paid, and growth prospects are unlimited. After pleting degree course from a reputed MIB college, there is a good scope in the banking and finance sector as well. International banks appoint people who have an excellent grasp over the international banking policies, currency exchange, and international policies. Thus, MIB is the golden key to success with brilliant job opportunities in national and multinational sectors. 1.The second paragraph is mainly developed by _______. A. analyzing causes B. listing figures C. making parisons D. proving definition 2.More and more people intend to acquire a degree of MIB because _______. A. it is a pulsory course in the colleges B. it offers them conventional economic knowledge C. it offers them opportunities to do small businesses D. it helps them get good jobs in some organizations 3.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. The international finance controller is a high-quality job. B. People get higher salary in business field than in finance field. C. MIB holders are more promising in all careers than others. D. International banks only accept employees from MIB colleges. 4.What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this article? A. To make an advertisement for the MIB course. B. To analyze the disadvantages of the MIB course. C. To explain why the MIB course is getting popular. D. To predict the development trend of the MIB course. 【文章大意】本文屬于說明文，現(xiàn)在MIB課程越來越受歡迎，文章中對(duì)其受歡迎的具體的原因進(jìn)行了分析。 1.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句The course content and teaching methods of MIB are quite different from a normal MBA or Master of Business Administration.和最后一句The course offers various advantages over the conventional MBA degree course.可知本段中主要通過對(duì)比MIB和MBA課程之間的區(qū)別來組織 全文的。故C項(xiàng)正確。 2.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第四句Big multinational organizations look for talented people who can handle the job profile of International Marketing Manage, and people with MIB degrees are preferred.可 知很多大型國(guó)際組織更喜歡聘用有MIB學(xué)位人才。這才是越來越多的人學(xué)習(xí)MIB課程的主要原因。故 D正確。 4.C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知現(xiàn)在MIB課程越來越受歡迎。本段最后一句There are valid reasons for so much popularity of MIB course.提出了這一課程受歡迎有很多原因，文章接下來三段就對(duì)具 體的原因進(jìn)行了說明。故C項(xiàng)正確。 B May Day, the first day of May, is celebrated as a spring festival in many countries. It marks the approach of summer. The English developed their May Day festival from the Roman festival called Floralia. In the festival of Floralia, the Romans gathered flowers to honor the goddess of spring, Flora. In the Middle Ages, May Day became the favorite holiday of many English villages. People gathered flowers to decorate their homes and churches, sang spring songs and chose a king and a queen of May. Villagers danced around a tall pole fixed upright in the ground, called a maypole, each holding the end of a ribbon attached to the top of the pole. They tied the ribbons around the pole until it was covered with bright colors. They collected dew(露水)on May Day morning and washed their faces with it because they believed that the dew on the day had the magic power to regain youth. Nowadays in Britain people no longer attach great importance to the day, but in some towns and villages people still celebrate it by choosing the May Queen and dancing around the maypole. May Queen is a girl selected as the most beautiful girl on May Day. She is usually crowned with flowers and often driven in procession through the street. In the United States, the day has never been celebrated with the same enthusiasm as in Britain. But in many American towns and cities, children celebrate the day with dancing and singing. They often gather flowers in handmade paper baskets and hang them on the doorknobs of the homes of their friends’ and neighbors’ on May Day morning. At May Day parties, children select May Queen, dance around the maypole, and sing May Day songs. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了歐洲國(guó)家的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日“五朔節(jié)”。 1．What do we know about the May Day in Britain in the Middle Ages? A．People dressed in bright colors. B．People celebrated it with enthusiasm. C．People presented flowers to the goddess of spring. D．People stayed at home instead of going to churches. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容特別是第三、四句可知，在中世紀(jì)，英國(guó)人通過舉行各種活動(dòng)，熱情地慶祝五朔節(jié)，故B項(xiàng)正確。 2．Why did people wash their faces with dew on May Day? A．To bring good luck.　　 B．To bee prettier. C．To get magic power. D．To get young again. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，人們?cè)谖逅饭?jié)用露水洗臉，是因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈怕端诋?dāng)天有恢復(fù)青春的魔力，故D項(xiàng)正確。 3．Paragraph 3 is mainly developed ． A．by parison B．by space C．by process D．by classification A　解析：寫作方法題。根據(jù)第三段可知，該段是通過比較美國(guó)和英國(guó)如何慶祝該節(jié)日展開的，故A項(xiàng)正確。 4．Nowadays, many American children celebrate May Day with lots of activities EXCEPT ． A．hanging flowers on the doorknobs of their friends’ homes B．selecting May Queen and dancing around the maypole C．gathering flowers in handmade paper baskets and singing May Day songs D．collecting dew on May Day morning and washing faces D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第一、二句可知，如今在美國(guó)，孩子們通過將花籃掛在鄰居家或朋友家的門把手上、選擇“五朔節(jié)女王”、圍繞五月柱跳舞、演唱五朔節(jié)的歌曲來慶祝這一節(jié)日，故排除A、B、C項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，用露水洗臉是中世紀(jì)英國(guó)人的做法，而不是現(xiàn)在美國(guó)兒童的做法，故選D項(xiàng)。 三、七選五 4 Key Strategies for Running to Lose Weight As one of the most active exercises out there, running is an extremely efficient way to burn calories and lose weight. A 150-pound person will burn approximately 100 calories per mile when running. 　 1 　 1. Healthy Eating is the First Step If you want to lose weight by running, keep in mind that you’ll only lose pounds if you burn more calories than you consume. To lose a pound, you have to burn, through exercise or life functions, about 3500 calories. 　 2 　Runners do have special nutrition needs, but the basic principles for healthy eating still apply. Try choosing smaller portions of high-fat and high-calorie foods and eating more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. 2. Follow a training schedule Sticking to a training schedule is a simple way to stay motivated to run. 　 3 　So it’s much harder to postpone or skip workouts. Following a schedule can also help you avoid a running injury by not increasing your mileage too quickly. 3. Run regularly If you don’t want to follow a schedule, you still need to have some consistency with your running because you won’t lose weight by running once a week. It’s best to get some activity every day. 　 4 　If you find that your motivation to run is suffering, follow some necessary tips to get inspired. 4. 　5 　 Incorporating speed work or interval training (running at a very fast speed for short intervals of time) into your running routine can also help your weight loss efforts. Speed work burns a great amount of calories in a short period of time. You’ll also increase your muscle mass, causing you to burn more calories throughout the day. A. Keep it challenging B. Eat for Performance C. You’ll know exactly what you need to do every day and each run builds on the next. D. So you’ll need to bine running with a healthy diet. E. If you’re hoping to use running to lose weight, here’s some advice on how to be successful. F. Here are ways to improve your running motivation. G. But if that’s not possible, try to shoot for at least 3―4 times per week. 【語篇解讀】跑步是很好的減肥的方法，但是怎樣才是正確的跑步方法，文章給出一些建議。 1.E 【解析】根據(jù)上文＂A 150-pound person will burn approximately 100 calories per mile when running.＂150磅的人跑步的時(shí)候大約燃燒100卡路里?？芍@里是：如果你想通過跑步減肥，這里有些關(guān)于怎么成功的建議。故選E。 2.D 【解析】根據(jù)下文＂Runners do have special nutrition needs, but the basic principles for healthy eating still apply.＂可知這里是：你需要將跑步和健康飲食結(jié)合起來。故選D。 3.C 【解析】根據(jù)上文＂Sticking to a training schedule is a simple way to stay motivated to run.＂可知這里是：你將知道你每天要做什么，每次跑步給下一次奠定基礎(chǔ)。故選C。 4.G 【解析】根據(jù)上文＂It’s best to get some activity every day.＂可知這里是：如果那樣不可能，每周至少鍛煉三四次。故選G。 5.A 【解析】根據(jù)下文＂Incorporating speed work or interval training＂可知這里是：要保持有一定挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。