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A land of diversity 一、閱讀理解 Vinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planet’s population survive climate change. Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the world’s supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸鹽）—the main ponent of vinegar. After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water pletely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died. It’s hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. "In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world—rice, wheat and maize—and the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）," Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine. Kim also told the magazine he’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing panies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isn’t as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. "Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some panies, to make a method to apply this system, "he said. And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died. 1.What is the article mainly about? A. The world’s food supply will be increased. B. Plants better survive droughts. C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts. D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts. 2.It was discovered that acetate can . A. be used by farmers to replace soil B. only be produced by the Arabidopsis C. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil 3.What are the target plants of the experiment? A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis. C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis. 4.Jong Myong Kim’s experiment of trying out the method . A. can make people’s trips pleasant B. turned out a worldwide success C. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plants D. appeals to many flower growing panies 【文章大意】 本文屬于科普類文章。醋不僅使食物味道更好，還可以用它來(lái)清潔你的窗戶。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)醋中生長(zhǎng)的植物，使它們更耐干旱。 1.D 【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知本文主要講述了醋能讓植物在干旱的環(huán)境中生存，即能抗擊干旱，故選D。 3.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world—rice, wheat and maize—and the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed,”可知在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，主要針對(duì)大米，小麥和玉米等。故選C。 4.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的第一句“Kim…h(huán)e’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing panies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知Kim已與對(duì)此感興趣的花卉種植公司聯(lián)系，也就是吸引這些公司。故選D。 二、教材與語(yǔ)法填空 根據(jù)教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is 1.___________ (like) that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these first 2.___________ (settler) crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by 3.___________ (mean) of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the 4.___________ (arrive) of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. 5.___________ addition, many died from the diseases brought by Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans 6.___________ (live) in California than in any other state. In the 18th century, California 7.___________ (rule) by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries 8.___________ (late), the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of 9.___________ first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, 10.___________ ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 答案：1.likely　2.settlers　3.means　4.arrival　5.In 6．living　7.was ruled　8.later　9.the　10.whose 三、完形填空 My daughter(now 18)was born with a hemangioma tumor(血管瘤)by her eye.At first it was small, and hardly __1__.After five months，it became the __2__ of a coin.__3__ I took her out，people could not __4__ their ments to themselves.“Who hit her？”，“Is that a bug bite？” I never could think of a(n) __5__ response for these people.I was __6__ to be kind and understanding，and assumed that other people had also been taught these __7__.One day I was at the __8__，with my 3yearold son，my daughter，and at this time pregnant with my third child.A woman __9__ me，I thought here we go __10__. She said that God must not have wanted my daughter to __11__ him，as he left her with a __12__.She went on to say that __13__ with these kisses were always surrounded by angels.I was astonished.What a __14__，more loving approach to someone with a problem! My daughter will __15__ this year from High School.She is beautiful.Her early years were spent in and out of __16__.Finally the tumor was removed，because it __17__ her vision.It is not noticeable __18__ in the bright sun.She spent this year as the dance scholar for our school.She danced for 4 years on our dancedrill team.She had __19__ many scholarships.Her life is wonderful.The woman in the mall made me a better parent.Perhaps，this __20__ will help make someone else a better parent，too. 1．A.noticeable　　　　B．bearable C．recognized D．a(chǎn)ccepted 2．A.colour B．weight C．size D．width 3．A.One day B．Every time C．Later D．Recently 4．A.make B．help C．tell D．hold 5．A.exact B．a(chǎn)ppropriate C．rude D．practical 6．A.learned B．brought C．considered D．taught 7．A.qualities B．principles C．questions D．opinions 8．A.party B．office C．mall D．meeting 9．A.approached B．saw C．a(chǎn)ppreciated D．called 10．A.now B．later C．a(chǎn)gain D．quickly 11．A.understand B．leave C．hate D．remember 12．A.scar B．kiss C．mark D．sign 13．A.mothers B．gods C．faces D．babies 14．A.stranger B．cleverer C．kinder D．happier 15．A.develop B．succeed C．graduate D．improve 16．A.hospitals B．schools C．illness D．sight 17．A.blocked B．stopped C．injured D．deepened 18．A.despite B．except C．a(chǎn)lthough D．because 19．A.given B．proved C．left D．received 20．A.lesson B．story C．a(chǎn)dventure D．tumor 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。一個(gè)陌生人的暖心話語(yǔ)使作者在女兒的問(wèn)題上成為了更好的家長(zhǎng)，她希望這個(gè)故事能夠使其他的父母也成為更好的家長(zhǎng)。 1．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)前面的“At first it was small”可知，此處應(yīng)指血管瘤剛開始很小，幾乎不能被注意到。A項(xiàng)意為“明顯的”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“可忍受的”；C項(xiàng)意為“公認(rèn)的，經(jīng)過(guò)驗(yàn)證的”；D項(xiàng)意為“可接受的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 2．C　考查名詞辨析。上文提到，剛開始，血管瘤很小，幾乎不能被注意到；由“After five months”可知，此處與上文形成對(duì)比，指五個(gè)月后，血管瘤長(zhǎng)到硬幣那樣大。C項(xiàng)意為“大小，尺寸”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“顏色”；B項(xiàng)意為“重量”；D項(xiàng)意為“寬度”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 3．B　考查狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指每次“我”帶她出去玩的時(shí)候；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，every time意為“每當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，符合題意，而其他三項(xiàng)無(wú)此用法。故選B項(xiàng)。 4．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指人們看到“我”的女兒總是無(wú)法停下他們的評(píng)論。D項(xiàng)意為“停下”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。 5．B　考查形容詞辨析。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處指“我”從沒想出一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)幕貞?yīng)給這些人。B項(xiàng)意為“適當(dāng)?shù)摹?，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“精確的”；C項(xiàng)意為“粗魯?shù)摹?；D項(xiàng)意為“實(shí)用的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 6．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文“assumed that other people had also been taught these”中的“taught”可知，“我”被教導(dǎo)要善良，要體諒別人，所以“我”認(rèn)為其他人也被這樣教導(dǎo)。故選D項(xiàng)。 7．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“kind and understanding”可知，此處指他們也被教導(dǎo)這樣的品質(zhì)。A項(xiàng)意為“品質(zhì)”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“原則”；C項(xiàng)意為“問(wèn)題”；D項(xiàng)意為“觀點(diǎn)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 8．C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“The woman in the mall made me a better parent.”中的“mall”可知，此處指一天懷孕的“我”帶著女兒和3歲的兒子在商場(chǎng)買東西。故選C項(xiàng)。 9．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，此處指有一個(gè)女人向“我”走來(lái)。A項(xiàng)意為“靠近”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“看見”；C項(xiàng)意為“欣賞，感激”；D項(xiàng)意為“給……打電話”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 10．C　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)上文人們看見“我”的女兒就會(huì)進(jìn)行評(píng)論可知，此處指“我”想在這里“我們”會(huì)再次遭遇同樣的經(jīng)歷。故選C項(xiàng)。 11．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，此處指那個(gè)女人說(shuō)，上帝一定是不想讓“我”的女兒離開他。B項(xiàng)意為“離開”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“理解”；C項(xiàng)意為“憎恨”；D項(xiàng)意為“記得”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 12．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“with these kisses were always surrounded by angels”可知，此處指上帝在“我”女兒的臉上留下了一個(gè)吻。B項(xiàng)意為“吻”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“疤痕”；C項(xiàng)意為“標(biāo)記”；D項(xiàng)意為“跡象”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 13．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指有這樣吻痕的孩子會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)被天使圍繞著。故選D項(xiàng)。 14．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“more loving”可知，此處指這與那些總是進(jìn)行評(píng)論的人相比是更友善、更有愛意的方式。C項(xiàng)意為“更友善的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“更奇怪的”；B項(xiàng)意為“更聰明的”；D項(xiàng)意為“更快樂的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 15．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)“from High School”可知，此處指“我”的女兒今年會(huì)高中畢業(yè)。C項(xiàng)意為“畢業(yè)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)展”；B項(xiàng)意為“成功”；D項(xiàng)意為“改善”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選C項(xiàng)。 16．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，作者的女兒患有血管瘤；由此可推知，為了看病，女兒早些年一定是進(jìn)進(jìn)出出于醫(yī)院。故選A項(xiàng)。 17．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“Finally the tumor was removed”可知，最后，血管瘤被摘除了，因?yàn)樗璧K了她的視力。A項(xiàng)意為“阻礙”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“停止”；C項(xiàng)意為“傷害”；D項(xiàng)意為“加深”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選A項(xiàng)。 18．B　考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指現(xiàn)在，如果不是在明亮的陽(yáng)光下，她那小小的傷疤一點(diǎn)也不明顯。B項(xiàng)意為“除了”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“不管”；C項(xiàng)意為“盡管”；D項(xiàng)意為“因?yàn)椤?，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 19．D　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“many scholarships”可知，此處指女兒得到了許多獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。D項(xiàng)意為“收到，拿到”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“給”；B項(xiàng)意為“證明”；C項(xiàng)意為“離開”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選D項(xiàng)。 20．B　考查名詞辨析?？v觀全文可知，本文作者敘述的是一個(gè)關(guān)于自己和女兒的故事。故此處表示，那個(gè)在商場(chǎng)里遇到的女人讓“我”成為一個(gè)稱職的家長(zhǎng)。或許，這個(gè)故事也能夠使其他人成為更好的家長(zhǎng)。B項(xiàng)意為“故事”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“課，教訓(xùn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷”；D項(xiàng)意為“腫瘤”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B項(xiàng)。 長(zhǎng)難句分析：She said that God must not have wanted my daughter to leave him, as he left her with a kiss.(第二段第一句) 分析：本句是復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作said的賓語(yǔ)；must not have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的否定推測(cè)，意為“一定不……”；as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：她說(shuō)上帝一定是舍不得讓我的女兒離開他，因?yàn)樗艚o了她一個(gè)吻。 詞匯積累：tumor n．瘤　pregnant adj.懷孕的 vision n．視力，視線　scholarship n．獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 四、教材與話題寫作 (Ⅰ)用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)完成下列句子。 1．眾所周知，自從1978年改革以來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了移民大潮。(immigration) _____________________________________________________ 答案：As we all know, China has experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978. 2．據(jù)報(bào)道成千上萬(wàn)的農(nóng)民從農(nóng)村涌向城市。(It is reported that...) _____________________________________________________ 答案：It is reported that thousands of farmers from the countryside crowd into the cities. 3．盡管辛苦，他們中的多數(shù)人都能適應(yīng)城市生活。(make a life) _____________________________________________________ 答案：The majority of them can make a life in the cities despite great hardship. 4．有些農(nóng)民甚至申請(qǐng)到了城市居住權(quán)，享受和當(dāng)?shù)厝艘粯拥臋?quán)利。(apply for) _____________________________________________________ 答案：Some farmers even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights as the local people. 5．他們通過(guò)努力工作為城市的繁榮做出了貢獻(xiàn)，自己也過(guò)上了幸福的生活。(by means of; boom) _____________________________________________________ 答案：They have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard and live a happy life. (Ⅱ)將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過(guò)渡自然。 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 五、下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯(cuò)誤，改正錯(cuò)誤并背誦該文。 As we all know, China have experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978.It is reported what thousands of farmers from the countryside crowd into the cities, the majority of them can make a life in the cities despite great hardship.Some even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights with the local people. In addition, they have made great contribution to the boom of the cities by means of working hard and live a happy life. 答案： As we all know, China experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978.It is reported thousands of farmers from the countryside crowd into the cities, the majority of can make a life in the cities despite great hardship.Some even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights the local people. In addition, they have made great to the boom of the cities by means of working hard and live a happy life.